San Diego, CA

Illumina and the San Diego Zoo are sequencing koala genomes to investigate disease

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2 years ago

January 17, 2024

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Illumina and the San Diego Zoo are sequencing koala genomes to investigate disease

Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain

Two world-class institutions that call San Diego home have joined forces on an investigation into the DNA of koalas.

The San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance and DNA-sequencing giant Illumina are examining the genetic information of nearly 100 koalas spanning 30 years to get a better understanding of koala retrovirus, or KoRV.

Scientists suspect through growing evidence that certain variants of koala retrovirus—all koalas carry some form of it—are associated with common diseases and health issues they have, such as leukemia, lymphoma and deadly fungal infections.

KoRV is baked into the genes of koalas and gets passed along to the next generation. This boat load of genetic data will help researchers examine patterns of how KoRV is getting integrated into koala genes. In turn, having a better understanding of KoRV will help inform conservation plans for koalas in the wild and in human care.

Dr. Cora Singleton, senior veterinarian at the San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, works primarily with marsupials, including koalas. Singleton has cared for koalas for years and witnessed them struggle with the health effects of KoRV.

In order to sequence the genome, the San Diego Zoo used samples from 91 current koalas living at the zoo as well as samples from the frozen zoo—a bank of living cells—going back to the 1970s. These samples were then sent to Illumina’s laboratory in San Diego, where researchers extracted the DNA to prepare it for sequencing in their machines. Those sequencing instruments break the DNA down into the basic alphabet that makes up all genetic information.

Ashley Van Zeeland, vice president of corporate development at Illumina, said there is a lot less known about the koala genome than the human genome. That mass amount of data was then sent to collaborators in other countries, who are now studying the koala genomes.

“(They) take the data that our instruments generate and put it together into kind of the full picture of that species,” Van Zeeland said.

Van Zeeland, who has worked in genomics for two decades, explained the unique offering of this dataset is that it pairs generations of genetic data alongside meticulously documented medical records. For instance, researchers can examine the cause of death for a koala and its parents to see if there’s a connection.

Researchers are looking for patterns of where KoRV has inserted itself into the koala’s DNA because it’s not entering at the same spot for every koala. More specifically, researchers are comparing the patterns of how KoRV integrated into koala genes in a way that may be associated with certain diseases.

Van Zeeland explained that looking at where KoRV inserted itself in the genome may give researchers an idea of which genes might be disrupted, turned on or off in the koala and the resulting effect on their health.

Having that knowledge of which integration patterns correlate with certain adverse health effects could inform how conservationists pair up koala populations for reproduction. As koalas already face pressures from climate change and a disappearing habitat in the wild, this would tackle one more stressor on the endangered population.

While the koala genome had already been sequenced previously, the scale of this project wasn’t feasible even a few years ago, explained Singleton.

“One of the questions everybody always said from a research perspective: ‘wouldn’t it be great if we could see what’s going on in the genome?’ But for many, many years it was very expensive and very labor intensive,” Singleton said.

Illumina has been focused on getting the cost of sequencing the genome down so this kind of technology is more accessible and applicable for researchers. Van Zeeland said that in 2015 it cost roughly $1,000 to $2,000 to sequence a genome, but now that cost is down to about $200 using the latest technology. (Illumina’s work on the project is through its Illumina iConserve initiative, which focuses on environmental and wildlife conservation.)

Singleton characterizes this project as a career highlight to be a part of a network of collaborators trying to solve the same puzzle. While it’s been years in the making, she always knew “there was something special in there that we had to uncover at the right time and the right place.”

“It’s the moment for genetics to take off in the world of conservation,” Singleton said.

The effort to compile and analyze a database of the North American koala population will be the largest koala pedigree genomic database in the world. The project spans continents and is also aided by the University of Sydney, Australian Museum Research Institute, University of Nottingham, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research and ZooParc de Beauval.

2024 The San Diego Union-Tribune. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.

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San Diego, CA

UNLV faces San Diego State after Hamilton’s 24-point performance

Published

47 minutes ago

March 5, 2026

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UNLV faces San Diego State after Hamilton’s 24-point performance

UNLV Rebels (16-14, 11-8 MWC) at San Diego State Aztecs (19-10, 13-6 MWC)

San Diego; Friday, 10 p.m. EST

BOTTOM LINE: UNLV faces San Diego State after Kimani Hamilton scored 24 points in UNLV’s 92-65 victory over the Utah State Aggies.

The Aztecs have gone 13-2 in home games. San Diego State is eighth in the MWC with 9.0 offensive rebounds per game led by Miles Heide averaging 2.0.

The Rebels have gone 11-8 against MWC opponents. UNLV ranks eighth in the MWC shooting 34.4% from 3-point range.

San Diego State averages 79.1 points per game, 0.6 more points than the 78.5 UNLV gives up. UNLV averages 7.2 made 3-pointers per game this season, 1.9 fewer made shots on average than the 9.1 per game San Diego State allows.

The teams play for the second time in conference play this season. San Diego State won the last meeting 82-71 on Jan. 24. Miles Byrd scored 23 points points to help lead the Aztecs to the win.

TOP PERFORMERS: Reese Dixon-Waters is shooting 35.9% from beyond the arc with 1.6 made 3-pointers per game for the Aztecs, while averaging 13 points. Byrd is averaging 10.2 points and 5.1 rebounds over the past 10 games.

Dra Gibbs-Lawhorn is shooting 50.9% and averaging 20.6 points for the Rebels. Hamilton is averaging 1.4 made 3-pointers over the last 10 games.

LAST 10 GAMES: Aztecs: 5-5, averaging 74.9 points, 28.9 rebounds, 13.7 assists, 6.9 steals and 4.2 blocks per game while shooting 46.4% from the field. Their opponents have averaged 69.0 points per game.

Rebels: 6-4, averaging 84.1 points, 32.3 rebounds, 14.7 assists, 6.4 steals and 4.8 blocks per game while shooting 50.0% from the field. Their opponents have averaged 80.8 points.

___

The Associated Press created this story using technology provided by Data Skrive and data from Sportradar.

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San Diego, CA

Military bases in San Diego County increase security following Iran attacks

Published

13 hours ago

March 4, 2026

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Military bases in San Diego County increase security following Iran attacks

SAN DIEGO (CNS) – Military bases in San Diego County and nationwide have increased security measures due to last weekend’s U.S.-Israeli attacks on Iran, prompting traffic delays near base entrances, enhanced ID checks and access restrictions.

The Naval Air Station North Island on Coronado ports three aircraft carriers, including the San Diego-based USS Abraham Lincoln, which led some of the first-wave attacks on Saturday.

Naval Base Coronado warned motorists of possible traffic delays at all base entry points due to the increased security measures.

Targets included Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps command and control facilities, Iranian air defense capabilities, missile and drone launch sites and military airfields.

The U.S. operation, dubbed “Epic Fury,” and Israeli operation, “Raging Lion,” began striking targets at 1:15 a.m. Eastern Time Saturday.

As of Tuesday, at least six U.S. service members had been killed in action.

The strikes also killed Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Hosseini Khamenei, who had been Iran’s supreme leader since 1989, making him the longest-serving head of state in the Middle East.

Iran’s offensive forces claimed to have struck USS Abraham Lincoln with ballistic missiles, but according to an X post from U.S central Command, “The Lincoln was not hit. The missiles launched didn’t even come close. The Lincoln continues to launch aircraft in support of CENTCOM’s relentless campaign to defend the American people by eliminating threats from the Iranian regime.”

Those with concerns regarding the heightened security can contact San Diego County’s Office of Emergency Services at 858-565-3490 or oes@sdcounty.ca.gov.

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San Diego, CA

SD Unified moves forward with layoffs of classified employees

Published

1 day ago

March 4, 2026

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SD Unified moves forward with layoffs of classified employees

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Less than 3 weeks after the San Diego Unified School District finalized a new contract with teachers, the school board voted unanimously on Tuesday to move forward with layoff notices for other district employees.

The layoffs affect classified employees — workers who are employed by the district but are not teachers and are not certified. That includes bus drivers, custodians, special education and teacher aides, and cafeteria workers.

The district says it is eliminating 221 positions — 133 that are currently filled and 88 that are vacant — to save $19 million and help address a projected $47 million deficit for the next fiscal year.

Preliminary layoff notices will go out on March 15, with final notices by May 15.

The district estimates about 200 classified employees will receive preliminary notices, but of them, about 70 are expected to lose their jobs based on union-negotiated bumping rules.

Bumping allows employees with more seniority to move into another position in the same classification, thereby “bumping” a less senior employee out of that role.

Lupe Murray, an early childhood special education parafacilitator with the district, said the news came as a shock after the teacher strike was called off.

“When the strike was called off, I’m like, ‘Yes!’ So then when I got the email from the Superintendent, I’m like, ‘Wait, what?’ So, I think everyone was shocked,” Murray said.

The district says it sends out annual layoff notices, as all districts in the state do.

Before Tuesday’s board meeting, classified employees rallied outside, made up of CSEA (California School Employees Association) Chapters OTBS 788, Paraeducators 759, and OSS 724. They were joined by parents, students, and the San Diego & Imperial Counties Labor Council, AFL-CIO.

Miguel Arellano, a paraeducator independence facilitator with San Diego Unified and a representative of San Diego Paraeducators Cahpter 759.

“What do we want? No layoffs! When do we want it? Now!” the crowd chanted.

Arellano said he felt compelled to act when he learned about the potential layoffs.

“The first thing that went through my mind was that I need to speak up. I need to protect these people,” Arellano said.

Inside the meeting, the board heard emotional, at times tearful testimony from classified employees before voting unanimously to move forward with the layoff schedule.

Superintendent Fabi Bagula said the district has tried to protect classrooms from the cuts.

“We have tried our best to only, I mean, to not touch the school. Or the classroom. But now it’s at the point where it’s getting a little bit harder,” Bagula said. “What I’m still hoping, or what I’m still working toward, because we’re still in negotiations, is that we’re able to actually come to a win-win, where there’s positions and availability and maybe even promotions for folks that are impacted.”

Arellano warned the layoffs could have a direct impact on students.

“We are already spread thin, so, with more of a case load, it’s going to be impossible to be able to service all the students that we need to have,” Arellano said.

Follow ABC 10News Anchor Max Goldwasser on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter.

This story was reported on-air by a journalist and has been converted to this platform with the assistance of AI. Our editorial team verifies all reporting on all platforms for fairness and accuracy.

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