Idaho
Legislative Notebook: It was a big week for highly anticipated – and consequential – bills in Idaho • Idaho Capital Sun
In an effort to help Idahoans follow major bills, resolutions and memorials through the legislative process, the Idaho Capital Sun will produce a “legislative notebook” at the end of each week to gather information in one place that concerns major happenings in the Legislature and other news relating to state government. To receive the full extent of our reporting in your inbox each day, sign up for our free email newsletter The Sunrise on our website at idahocapitalsun.com/subscribe/.
Here is our quick rundown of the major happenings during the third week of the Idaho Legislature’s 2025 session.
Legislation introduced to allow public funds for private education, bill introduced to repeal Medicaid expansion
Measures that address some of the most controversial and fiscally consequential issues that may come before the Idaho Legislature all session were introduced this week.
Legislators introduced highly anticipated legislation on Wednesday that would allow millions in public funds to pay for private and religious schooling expenses – referred to as school choice – in the Idaho House of Representatives and Idaho Senate. State lawmakers also introduced on Friday legislation to fully repeal Medicaid expansion in the state after voters passed a law via ballot initiative in 2018 to allow health insurance access for Idahoans that fall within the “Medicaid gap.”
Tens of thousands of Idahoans in the “gap” earned too much to qualify for Medicaid, but too little to qualify for tax subsidies on Idaho’s health insurance marketplace, Your Health Idaho.
Both issues have come before the Idaho Legislature before, but bills to fund private education with public taxpayer dollars and bills to repeal or reform Medicaid expansion haven’t successfully made it through both chambers of the Legislature in years past.
This year, due to several factors including changes to which legislators make up the relevant committees that hear these bills and prevailing changes at the federal level with the Trump administration, may mean these policies could be on surer footing in 2025.
But standing in their way on both issues is one overarching question: How much will these proposals affect the overall state budget and its financial future?
Democrats, education groups and other advocates have said any proposal that allows public dollars to go toward private education would affect the state’s general fund and its ability to fully fund other public services and infrastructure projects.
Similarly, some Democrats and even one Republican on the Idaho House Health and Welfare Committee questioned how much repealing the voter-supported Medicaid expansion law would cost the state.
The Medicaid expansion repeal bill’s fiscal notes estimates it would save the state at least $110 million annually. But Idaho House Minority Leader Ilana Rubel, D-Boise, said repeal may cost the state more than that.
“I think this fiscal note is entirely inaccurate,” Rubel said. “Everything that I’ve seen indicates that it would actually cost the state more to get rid of Medicaid expansion than it would save. … There have been huge savings throughout the system — in corrections and behavioral health, certainly in terms of all those funds we had to stand up before to ensure we don’t lose all the rural hospitals.”
Legislation of interest during the third week of the 2025 session
- House Bill 58: Introduced by Rep. John Vander Woude, R-Nampa, on Friday, the bill would repeal Medicaid expansion in Idaho. The bill may be taken up by the Idaho House Health and Welfare Committee for a full public hearing in the coming days of the session.
- House Bill 39: Introduced by Rep. Wendy Horman, R-Idaho Falls, on Wednesday, the bill would establish a refundable tax credit of up to $5,000 for parents to help pay for education expenses, including for private or religious school expenses like tuition. The bill’s fiscal impact statement says the proposal would reduce the state’s General Fund revenue by no more than $50 million, with $125,000 needed in General Fund dollars for one-time programming and coding costs to carry out the credit by the Idaho State Tax Commission. The bill may be taken up by the Idaho House Revenue and Taxation Committee for a full public hearing in the coming days of the session.
- Senate Bill 1025: Sponsored by Sen. Dave Lent, R-Idaho Falls, on Wednesday, the bill would expand the state’s Empowering Parents program by $20 million to be able to cover costs such as tuition for students at private, public and home schools. It also includes $30 million in funding to support special education.
- House Bill 40: Sponsored by Idaho House Speaker Mike Moyle, R-Star, on Thursday, the bill would reduce the individual and corporate income tax rates in Idaho from the current rate of 5.695% down to 5.3%, at a cost of $240 million. It would also expand the income tax exemption to military pensions, at a cost of $12 million, and would eliminate capital gains tax for gold bullion sales, at a cost of $1 million. The bill may be taken up by the Idaho House Revenue and Taxation Committee for a full public hearing in the coming days of the session.
- House Bill 37: Sponsored by Rep. Bruce Skaug, R-Nampa, the bill would make death by firing squad the primary way of administering the death penalty in Idaho. The bill may be brought back before the House Judiciary, Rules and Administration Committee for a full public hearing in the coming days of the session.
- House Bill 10: Sponsored by Rep. Ted Hill, R-Eagle, the bill was referred back to the House Education Committee from the House floor on Friday. The bill would ban flags or banners in Idaho public school classrooms that “represent a political viewpoint, including but not limited to flags or banners regarding a political party, race, sexual orientation, gender, or a political ideology.” An updated version of the bill, House Bill 41, aims to take its place after Hill added that flags of other nations “not engaged in hostile action” with the United States would be allowed. The bill may be taken up by the full Idaho House in the coming days of the session.
- House Bill 7: The Idaho House on a 54-14 vote passed the bill on Wednesday that would implement a $300 minimum fine for adults possessing three ounces or less of marijuana. It now heads to the Senate Judiciary and Rules committee for consideration in the coming days of the session.
- House Joint Memorial 1: Sponsored by Rep. Heather Scott, R-Blanchard, the memorial passed the House State Affairs Committee on a 13-2 vote Wednesday. The memorial asks the U.S. Supreme Court to reconsider its 2015 decision in Obergefell v. Hodges that legalized same-sex marriage. The memorial is on the Idaho House’s third reading calendar for Monday and may be taken up in the coming days of the session.
What to expect next week
Senate State Affairs Committee
House Bill 14, a bill that would require all Idaho state agencies to recommend outdated, obsolete or unnecessary laws for the Idaho Legislature to consider removing, will be before the committee on Monday after passing the House on a 68-0 vote on Thursday.
House State Affairs Committee
House Bill 32, a bill seeking to prohibit the state, cities, counties, public health districts, school districts and state officers from mandating the use of masks, face shields or coverings to prevent the spread of contagious diseases, will be before the committee for a full public hearing on Monday.
Quote of the week
“This bill is not about whether the death penalty is good or bad … Our job is to make sure to carry out the most efficient manner under the bounds of the Constitution.” – Rep. Bruce Skaug, R-Nampa, on House Bill 37, the bill that would make the firing squad the primary way of administering the death penalty in Idaho
Social media post of the week
Photo of the week
How to follow the Idaho Legislature and Idaho Gov. Brad Little’s work during the session
Here are a few tools we use to track the Legislature’s business and how to let your voice be heard in the issues that matter most to you.
How to find your legislators: To determine which legislative district you live in, and to find contact information for your legislators within that district, go to the Legislative Services Office’s website and put in your home address and ZIP code. Once you’ve entered that information, the three legislators – two House members and one senator – who represent your district will appear, and you can click on their headshots to find their email address and phone number.
How to find committee agendas: Go to the Idaho Legislature’s website, legislature.idaho.gov, and click on the “all available Senate committee agendas” link and the “all available House committee agendas” link on the right side of the website.
How to watch the legislative action in committees and on the House and Senate floors: Idaho Public Television works in conjunction with the Legislative Services Office and the Idaho Department of Administration through a program called “Idaho in Session” to provide live streaming for all legislative committees and for the House and Senate floors. To watch the action, go to https://www.idahoptv.org/shows/idahoinsession/Legislature/ and select the stream you’d like to watch.
How to testify remotely at public hearings before a committee: To sign up to testify remotely for a specific committee, navigate to that committee’s webpage, and click on the “testimony registration (remote and in person)” tab at the top.
How to find state budget documents: Go to Legislative Services Office Budget and Policy Analysis Division’s website https://legislature.idaho.gov/lso/bpa/budgetinformation/.
How to track which bills have made it to Gov. Little’s desk and any action he took on them (including vetoes): Go to the governor’s website https://gov.idaho.gov/legislative-sessions/2025-session/. You can scroll down to the bottom of the site and enter your email address to get alerts sent straight to your inbox when the page has been updated.
Reporting from Idaho Capital Sun journalists Clark Corbin, Mia Maldonado and Kyle Pfannenstiel contributed to this legislative notebook.
Idaho
Penny Lee Brown Obituary March 25, 2026 – Eckersell Funeral Home
Penny Lee Brown, age 72, of Idaho Falls, formerly of Ririe, passed away Wednesday, March 25, 2026, at Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center in Idaho Falls.
Penny was born October 18, 1953, in Fort St. John, British Columbia, Canada, a daughter to William and Luella Cooper Artemenko. She attended schools in Fort St. John, British Columbia, Canada. She earned her Certified Nursing Assistant Certificate from Eastern Idaho Technical College.
She married Donal A. Brown in Fort St. John, British Columbia. Their marriage was later solemnized in the Idaho Falls Temple. She was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
She enjoyed attending her children’s sporting events, puzzles, collecting cat memorabilia, crafting, baking, and caring for others.
She is survived by her husband Donal A. Brown, children: Jared Brown (Krystal) of Boise, Marcus Brown (Misty) of Weippe, Idaho, Scott Brown of Idaho Falls, Douglas Brown of Idaho Falls, Jamie Brown of Williston, North Dakota, Steven Brown (Claire) of Idaho Falls. A brother Kenneth Artemenko (Nancy) of White Horse, YK, four grandchildren and one great grandchild.
She was preceded in death by her Father William Artemenko and her mother Luela Cooper and a brother Levern Artemenko.
Funeral services will be held Monday March 30, 2026, at 11:00 a.m. at The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Perry Ward Chapel 285 2nd West, Ririe, Idaho. The family will visit with friends on Monday from 9:30 to 10:45 a.m. at the church. Interment will be in the Ririe-Shelton Cemetery.
Idaho
Idaho bill aims to criminalize transgender bathroom use in private businesses
BOISE, Idaho (AP) — Idaho lawmakers are considering a bill that would make it a crime for transgender people to use the bathroom that matches their gender identity — even inside privately owned businesses.
At least 19 states, including Idaho, already have laws barring transgender people from using bathrooms and changing rooms that align with their gender in schools and, in some cases, other public places. The LGBTQ+ advocacy organization Movement Advancement Project’s tracking of the laws shows that three other states — Florida, Kansas and Utah — have made it a criminal offense in some circumstances to violate the bathroom laws.
READ MORE: Ohio Gov. DeWine signs bill restricting transgender students’ use of bathrooms
But none of the others apply as broadly to private businesses as the Idaho bill, which covers any “place of public accommodation,” meaning any business or facility that serves the public. The state’s Republican supermajority Senate is expected to vote on the bill this week, deciding whether to send it to Gov. Brad Little’s desk.
Felony bathroom use?
If the law is passed, anyone who enters a public facility like a bathroom or locker room designated for the opposite sex could be sentenced to a year in jail for a misdemeanor first offense, or up to five years in prison for a felony second offense. That’s a longer sentence than Idaho imposes for a first drunken driving conviction or for displaying offensive sexual material in public.
Protecting those spaces is a “matter of safety” and “decency,” said Republican Sen. Ben Toews told a Senate committee last week.
“Private spaces such as restrooms, changing areas and showers are sex-separated for a reason,” Toews said. “Individuals in these vulnerable settings have a reasonable expectation of privacy and security.”
The bill does carve out several exceptions. Athletic coaches, people responding to emergencies, people supervising inmates, custodians, and people helping children who need bathroom assistance get a pass. So does someone who is “in dire need” of a bathroom, if the bathroom they use is the only one that is reasonably available at the time.
Law enforcement groups say it’s a bad bill
Law enforcement groups including the Idaho Fraternal Order of Police and the Idaho Chiefs of Police Association oppose the bill, which they say would place officers in impossible positions, tasking them with visually determining someone’s biological sex or their level of “dire need.” The Idaho Sheriff’s Association asked lawmakers to require that people first ask any suspected violator to leave the bathroom before calling authorities, but lawmakers refused.
Heron Greenesmith, deputy policy director at Transgender Law Center, said the “dire need” exception could be especially hard to assert — and that the idea that a person can use a public restroom only in an emergency is dehumanizing.
“How does one prove that one was going to poop on the floor?” they asked.
Opponents fear vigilantism
John Bueno, a transgender student at the University of Idaho and a member of the student group Queer Inclusion Society, said the school has lots of single-use restrooms, which helps mitigate the logistical impacts of the bill. But the legislation would likely lead to more unwanted “profiling” of people, whether they are transgender or not, she said.
“It’s this cultural attitude of getting other Americans to habitually be narcing on one other and doing this sort of ‘transvestigating’ — that is what these kinds of bills promote,” Bueno said.
It all comes down to an effort to disenfranchise transgender people, Bueno said.
“This will increasingly deter queer individuals from Idaho universities and the state as a whole,” she said. “Which to be fair, is probably the primary purpose.”
Bill could impact employment opportunities
Nikson Matthews, a transgender man with a beard, told a panel of lawmakers last week that the bill would force him into the women’s restroom, where his masculine appearance puts him at risk of aggression from people who think he’s intruding.
“It creates a crime — but that is not based on conduct or harm,” Matthews said. “It is based on presence, and to justify that you have to accept that someone’s presence alone is traumatizing and harmful enough to criminalize.”
It could also make it difficult for transgender people to work, said Boise resident Laura Volgert.
“People might be able to hold it for an hour if they’re at a restaurant for lunch or at a grocery store,” she told lawmakers during a committee hearing. “They can’t be expected to hold it for a full eight-hour shift.”
That’s the point of these types of laws, said Greenesmith, to “make it untenable to go to the movies, to go to the doctor, to go to the bank.”
Proponents say that isn’t the case.
Proponents say safety and privacy is key
Suzanne Tabert, a Sandpoint resident, said the bill is about “maintaining, clear, enforceable boundaries” so that women and children can feel safe.
“If we lose the ability to protect based on biological sex, we lose our most effective tool for preventing harassment, voyeurism and other sex crimes before they occur,” she said.
She later continued, “This legislation is not about how an individual identifies, nor does it seek to target or malign the transgender community. Rather it upholds a universal standard of privacy.”
Bathrooms are not the only place where lawmakers have been placing restrictions on transgender people in the name of protecting women and girls. At least 25 states bar transgender women and girls from some women’s and girl’s sports competitions. And at least 27 states have laws restricting or banning gender-affirming care for minors.
Expanding all of these policies are priorities for President Donald Trump, too.
The only widely reported arrest of someone on charges of violating transgender bathroom restrictions was part of a protest in Florida last year.
Mulvihill reported from Haddonfield, New Jersey.
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Idaho
Governor Brad Little signs Isaiah’s Law, expanding child protections in Idaho
CANYON COUNTY, Idaho — Two new laws aimed at expanding protections for Idaho children were signed Wednesday morning at the Statehouse, a milestone for families who have turned heartbreak into advocacy.
Back in January, adoptive mother Monique Peyre came to Idaho News 6 heartbroken after a 12-day-old baby boy, Benji, died in Nampa. Peyre, who had previously adopted Benji’s siblings, became a driving force behind legislation designed to better protect vulnerable children across the state.
RELATED | ‘Please put eyes on this baby’: Adoptive and foster mothers’ warnings before Nampa baby’s death
On Wednesday, Governor Brad Little signed Isaiah’s Law and the Foster Child Safety Act into law. Peyre’s advocacy was central to both bills, which aim to strengthen child welfare protections and provide clearer guidance to courts and caseworkers.
“It feels very, very surreal to get to this day just because I adopted them [Benji’s siblings] about a year ago, April 3rd, and I just never thought it would happen this quickly,” Peyre said.
Isaiah’s Law, or Senate Bill 1257, inspired by Peyre’s adopted son, Isaiah, strengthens protections for foster children during parental visitations.
“Today’s bills reflect a continued commitment to strengthening the system from multiple angles, protecting children and clearly defining their rights,” Governor Little said.
WATCH: Families come together for child protection law signings
Governor Brad Little signs Isaiah’s Law, expanding child protections in Idaho
For Peyre, seeing the bill signed was a way to turn personal tragedy into hope for others.
“It makes their pain and what they went through and the hardship of all of it worth something,” she said. “It kind of brings closure to their story.”
For Isaiah, the day brought a sense of comfort and security. “I feel… comfortable and safe,” Isaiah said.
Peyre also emphasized the importance of persistence in advocacy, encouraging others to take action.
RELATED | Nampa remembers Benji as legislation protecting vulnerable children advances
“I wanna say like the biggest thing was just to start emailing and reaching out to people, and you never know. It really does go a long way,” she said.
The Foster Child Safety Act also received the governor’s signature today. This bill updates Idaho’s child welfare policies, giving caseworkers and courts clearer guidance to keep children safe and ensure their well-being remains the top priority.
The last bill in Peyre’s legislative push, Benji’s Law (House Bill 776), is still awaiting a hearing in the Senate. The legislation aims to ensure quicker responses from authorities and remove judgment calls that could delay child safety interventions.
“All we’re asking for is a quicker response and no judgment call—just look and see if those are the guidelines that this baby falls under and go check on that baby sooner rather than later,” Peyre said.
For Isaiah, the moment was an accomplishment, but he hopes for a day when he can meet his baby brother Benji in heaven.
“I really want to achieve… a day that I get to see… seeing my little, I mean my baby brother that is… is in heaven,” Isaiah said.
RELATED | Idaho lawmakers advance bill requiring faster checks on at-risk babies
Benji’s Law is still making its way through the Statehouse, but supporters are hopeful it will also be signed into law by the end of the session.
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This story was initially reported by a journalist and has been, in part, converted to this platform with the assistance of AI. Our editorial team verifies all reporting on all platforms for fairness and accuracy.
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