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Legislative Notebook: It was a big week for highly anticipated – and consequential – bills in Idaho • Idaho Capital Sun

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Legislative Notebook: It was a big week for highly anticipated – and consequential – bills in Idaho • Idaho Capital Sun


In an effort to help Idahoans follow major bills, resolutions and memorials through the legislative process, the Idaho Capital Sun will produce a “legislative notebook” at the end of each week to gather information in one place that concerns major happenings in the Legislature and other news relating to state government. To receive the full extent of our reporting in your inbox each day, sign up for our free email newsletter The Sunrise on our website at idahocapitalsun.com/subscribe/.

Here is our quick rundown of the major happenings during the third week of the Idaho Legislature’s 2025 session.

Legislation introduced to allow public funds for private education, bill introduced to repeal Medicaid expansion

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Measures that address some of the most controversial and fiscally consequential issues that may come before the Idaho Legislature all session were introduced this week.

Legislators introduced highly anticipated legislation on Wednesday that would allow millions in public funds to pay for private and religious schooling expenses – referred to as school choice – in the Idaho House of Representatives and Idaho Senate. State lawmakers also introduced on Friday legislation to fully repeal Medicaid expansion in the state after voters passed a law via ballot initiative in 2018 to allow health insurance access for Idahoans that fall within the “Medicaid gap.”

Tens of thousands of Idahoans in the “gap” earned too much to qualify for Medicaid, but too little to qualify for tax subsidies on Idaho’s health insurance marketplace, Your Health Idaho.

Both issues have come before the Idaho Legislature before, but bills to fund private education with public taxpayer dollars and bills to repeal or reform Medicaid expansion haven’t successfully made it through both chambers of the Legislature in years past. 

This year, due to several factors including changes to which legislators make up the relevant committees that hear these bills and prevailing changes at the federal level with the Trump administration, may mean these policies could be on surer footing in 2025.

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But standing in their way on both issues is one overarching question: How much will these proposals affect the overall state budget and its financial future?

Democrats, education groups and other advocates have said any proposal that allows public dollars to go toward private education would affect the state’s general fund and its ability to fully fund other public services and infrastructure projects.

Idaho House Minority Leader Ilana Rubel, D-Boise, (right) and Minority Caucus Chairwoman Janie Ward-Engelking, D-Boise, conduct an Idaho Democratic Caucus press conference on Jan. 6, 2025, at the Statehouse in Boise. (Pat Sutphin from the Idaho Capital Sun)

Similarly, some Democrats and even one Republican on the Idaho House Health and Welfare Committee questioned how much repealing the voter-supported Medicaid expansion law would cost the state.

The Medicaid expansion repeal bill’s fiscal notes estimates it would save the state at least $110 million annually. But Idaho House Minority Leader Ilana Rubel, D-Boise, said repeal may cost the state more than that.

“I think this fiscal note is entirely inaccurate,” Rubel said. “Everything that I’ve seen indicates that it would actually cost the state more to get rid of Medicaid expansion than it would save. … There have been huge savings throughout the system — in corrections and behavioral health, certainly in terms of all those funds we had to stand up before to ensure we don’t lose all the rural hospitals.”

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Legislation of interest during the third week of the 2025 session

  • House Bill 58:  Introduced by Rep. John Vander Woude, R-Nampa, on Friday, the bill would repeal Medicaid expansion in Idaho. The bill may be taken up by the Idaho House Health and Welfare Committee for a full public hearing in the coming days of the session.
  • House Bill 39: Introduced by Rep. Wendy Horman, R-Idaho Falls, on Wednesday, the bill would establish a refundable tax credit of up to $5,000 for parents to help pay for education expenses, including for private or religious school expenses like tuition. The bill’s fiscal impact statement says the proposal would reduce the state’s General Fund revenue by no more than $50 million, with $125,000 needed in General Fund dollars for one-time programming and coding costs to carry out the credit by the Idaho State Tax Commission. The bill may be taken up by the Idaho House Revenue and Taxation Committee for a full public hearing in the coming days of the session.
  • Senate Bill 1025: Sponsored by Sen. Dave Lent, R-Idaho Falls, on Wednesday, the bill would expand the state’s Empowering Parents program by $20 million to be able to cover costs such as tuition for students at private, public and home schools. It also includes $30 million in funding to support special education. 
  • House Bill 40: Sponsored by Idaho House Speaker Mike Moyle, R-Star, on Thursday, the bill would reduce the individual and corporate income tax rates in Idaho from the current rate of 5.695% down to 5.3%, at a cost of $240 million. It would also expand the income tax exemption to military pensions, at a cost of $12 million, and would eliminate capital gains tax for gold bullion sales, at a cost of $1 million. The bill may be taken up by the Idaho House Revenue and Taxation Committee for a full public hearing in the coming days of the session.
  • House Bill 37: Sponsored by Rep. Bruce Skaug, R-Nampa, the bill would make death by firing squad the primary way of administering the death penalty in Idaho. The bill may be brought back before the House Judiciary, Rules and Administration Committee for a full public hearing in the coming days of the session.
  • House Bill 10: Sponsored by Rep. Ted Hill, R-Eagle, the bill was referred back to the House Education Committee from the House floor on Friday. The bill would ban flags or banners in Idaho public school classrooms that “represent a political viewpoint, including but not limited to flags or banners regarding a political party, race, sexual orientation, gender, or a political ideology.” An updated version of the bill, House Bill 41, aims to take its place after Hill added that flags of other nations “not engaged in hostile action” with the United States would be allowed. The bill may be taken up by the full Idaho House in the coming days of the session.
  • House Bill 7: The Idaho House on a 54-14 vote passed the bill on Wednesday that would implement a $300 minimum fine for adults possessing three ounces or less of marijuana. It now heads to the Senate Judiciary and Rules committee for consideration in the coming days of the session.
  • House Joint Memorial 1: Sponsored by Rep. Heather Scott, R-Blanchard, the memorial passed the House State Affairs Committee on a 13-2 vote Wednesday. The memorial asks the U.S. Supreme Court to reconsider its 2015 decision in Obergefell v. Hodges that legalized same-sex marriage. The memorial is on the Idaho House’s third reading calendar for Monday and may be taken up in the coming days of the session.

What to expect next week 

Senate State Affairs Committee

House Bill 14, a bill that would require all Idaho state agencies to recommend outdated, obsolete or unnecessary laws for the Idaho Legislature to consider removing, will be before the committee on Monday after passing the House on a 68-0 vote on Thursday.

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House State Affairs Committee

House Bill 32, a bill seeking to prohibit the state, cities, counties, public health districts, school districts and state officers from mandating the use of masks, face shields or coverings to prevent the spread of contagious diseases, will be before the committee for a full public hearing on Monday.

Quote of the week

This bill is not about whether the death penalty is good or bad … Our job is to make sure to carry out the most efficient manner under the bounds of the Constitution.” – Rep. Bruce Skaug, R-Nampa, on House Bill 37, the bill that would make the firing squad the primary way of administering the death penalty in Idaho

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Social media post of the week

Photo of the week

Greater Idaho Movement roadside billboard that says "It's our choice. We choose Idaho."
Oregon state lawmakers returning to the capital city of Salem for the start of Oregon’s 2025 legislative session this week are being greeted by roadside messages encouraging them to “Free Eastern Oregon” by moving the state’s border. The billboard campaign is the work of the Greater Idaho Movement, an organization seeking to move Oregon’s border so that the conservative eastern counties of the state can become part of Idaho. (Courtesy of the Greater Idaho Movement)

How to follow the Idaho Legislature and Idaho Gov. Brad Little’s work during the session

Here are a few tools we use to track the Legislature’s business and how to let your voice be heard in the issues that matter most to you.

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How to find your legislators: To determine which legislative district you live in, and to find contact information for your legislators within that district, go to the Legislative Services Office’s website and put in your home address and ZIP code. Once you’ve entered that information, the three legislators – two House members and one senator – who represent your district will appear, and you can click on their headshots to find their email address and phone number.

How to find committee agendas: Go to the Idaho Legislature’s website, legislature.idaho.gov, and click on the “all available Senate committee agendas” link and the “all available House committee agendas” link on the right side of the website. 

How to watch the legislative action in committees and on the House and Senate floors: Idaho Public Television works in conjunction with the Legislative Services Office and the Idaho Department of Administration through a program called “Idaho in Session” to provide live streaming for all legislative committees and for the House and Senate floors. To watch the action, go to https://www.idahoptv.org/shows/idahoinsession/Legislature/ and select the stream you’d like to watch.

How to testify remotely at public hearings before a committee: To sign up to testify remotely for a specific committee, navigate to that committee’s webpage, and click on the “testimony registration (remote and in person)” tab at the top.

How to find state budget documents: Go to Legislative Services Office Budget and Policy Analysis Division’s website https://legislature.idaho.gov/lso/bpa/budgetinformation/.

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How to track which bills have made it to Gov. Little’s desk and any action he took on them (including vetoes): Go to the governor’s website https://gov.idaho.gov/legislative-sessions/2025-session/. You can scroll down to the bottom of the site and enter your email address to get alerts sent straight to your inbox when the page has been updated.

Reporting from Idaho Capital Sun journalists Clark Corbin, Mia Maldonado and Kyle Pfannenstiel contributed to this legislative notebook.

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Remembering JFK's visit to eastern Idaho amid Trump's effort to declassify assassination files – East Idaho News

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Remembering JFK's visit to eastern Idaho amid Trump's effort to declassify assassination files – East Idaho News


IDAHO FALLS – More than 3,000 people filled the auditorium at Pocatello High School as the Democratic senator from Massachusetts stood at the podium to address the crowd.

It was Sept. 6, 1960. The Gate City was one of many stops for John F. Kennedy during the Western states tour of his presidential campaign. Accompanying him during his visit was Idaho’s U.S. Senator, Frank Church, who’d nominated Kennedy at the Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles two months earlier.

At the DNC, Kennedy delivered what is now referred to as the “New Frontier” speech, in which he called on Americans to move beyond the status quo and help usher in a modern era of leadership.

“The New Frontier is here, whether we seek it or not,” Kennedy said at the time. “Beyond that frontier are uncharted areas of science and space, unsolved problems of peace and war, unconquered pockets of ignorance and prejudice, unanswered questions of poverty and surplus.”

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“I’m asking each of you to be pioneers toward that New Frontier,” Kennedy added.

Kennedy’s speaking style, combined with what many have described as a charismatic personality and youthful good looks, made him an appealing candidate for many voters. At age 43, Kennedy was two months away from being the youngest man ever elected president.

A 2013 article from the Idaho State Journal reports there were about 600 people who waited outside the high school auditorium that day to get a glimpse of Kennedy before his arrival.

As the presidential hopeful began his remarks to the crowd in Pocatello, he praised and endorsed Church, who had been the keynote speaker at the DNC.

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RELATED | The story of Idaho’s 18th governor and the political statement that denied him a second term

“It was not an accident that he was chosen to keynote the Democratic convention as one of the youngest members of the Senate, as a member of the Senate who has not served out his first term, and coming from a small State, with few electoral votes,” Kennedy said to applause. “That is a testimony not only to Idaho but to Frank Church, and I am delighted with it.”

He voiced his support for a proposal to build a hydroelectric power plant along Burns Creek near Palisades. The bill, which provided electricity for people in the Upper Snake River Valley, had come before the U.S. Senate twice. Kennedy voted for it both times and wanted to see it advance in the House.

He also referenced the National Reactor Testing Station on the desert near Arco, the predecessor to Idaho National Laboratory. Kennedy called it “a key to the development of the peaceful use of atomic energy” and “an important outpost to the new frontier of energy.”

RELATED | How a naval proving ground became a national lab that’s ‘changing the world’s energy future’

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The work that happens at NRTS is something the nation can be proud of, he said.

“That station is doing an excellent job of testing atomic powerplants and reactors,” Kennedy told the crowd. “Aggressive atomic research and development is needed if this country is going to win the race for peaceful competition.”

Kennedy’s visit to eastern Idaho lasted less than 48 hours, but it left a lifelong impression on many locals. Still, it failed to earn Kennedy a victory in the Gem State.

Voting records show Richard Nixon, Kennedy’s Republican opponent, carried Idaho in the general election with nearly 54% of the popular vote.

Though Kennedy went on to win the general election nationwide with 303 electoral votes, compared to Nixon’s 219, he only had a .17% lead in the popular vote. As Brad Meltzer points out in his new book about JFK, Kennedy’s victory was the smallest popular vote margin of any presidential candidate of the 20th century, and so far, the 21st century.

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Kennedy had a little over a year left in his term when he was assassinated on November 22, 1963. He never visited Idaho while in office, but he did sign several bills into law that impacted the Gem State. Among them is a reclamation project that provided irrigation water for more than 5,000 acres of land near Weiser. In 1963, S. 1007 gave consumers in the Pacific Northwest priority access to electricity generated by federal hydroelectric plants.

RELATED | Final secret files are coming out on the murders that shattered the 60s. What we may learn on JFK, MLK and RFK

Days after President Trump signed an executive order calling for the declassification of the JFK assassination files, we thought it was worth looking back at Idaho’s connection with America’s 35th president.

Kennedy, right, arrives in Pocatello on Sept. 6, 1960. Next to him is former Pocatello Police Officer Al Kuta. | Courtesy photo

Locals remember JFK

Mark Nye, a Pocatello attorney who served in the Legislature from 2014-2022 and died days after leaving office, was a freshman at Pocatello High School when JFK came to town. He was among the 600 people who waited outside the auditorium for his arrival.

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In a 2013 interview with the Idaho State Journal, Nye said the presidential hopeful was viewed like a rock star, similar to Elvis Presley.

“When he came out, the teenage girls were giddy and even jumping up and down in excitement,” Nye said.

Kennedy’s plane reportedly landed at what was then the Pocatello Municipal Airport around 4:30 that morning after a two-hour delay. About 50 people were camped out to greet him.

Church was the first to step off the plane and reportedly asked, “What are all you people doing up at this hour of the morning?”

Meltzer notes in his book that Kennedy loved interacting with crowds during public appearances, and that was his response in Pocatello. He’d planned to sleep on the plane before his first speaking engagement, according to ISJ, but decided to shake people’s hands instead.

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Pocatello High School wasn’t the only place where Kennedy spoke. During his trip, he also held a press conference at the Bannock Hotel.

Richard Stallings, another Pocatello Democrat who represented Idaho in Congress from 1985-1993, wasn’t in town that day. He was in Salt Lake City on his way to New Zealand to serve a mission for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Kennedy made a stop in Salt Lake on another leg of his Western states tour and Stallings was able to meet him.

“I said, ‘Welcome to Salt Lake, Mr. President,’” Stallings recalls, noting Kennedy was still a senator. “He gave me a big grin and shook my hand with both hands and moved on.”

Missionary obligations prevented Stallings from voting in that election, but he remembers reading newspapers and following his administration. Stallings wrote several letters to President Kennedy as a missionary, none of which received a reply.

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In 1962, Frank Church was seeking re-election for a second term. In a 1981 interview, Church said the President scheduled a stop in Idaho on his behalf. It never happened, due to the Cuban Missile Crisis, but Church said working with administration officials to inform the public about what was happening allowed him to get re-elected.

“In an indirect way, the Administration did assist me,” Church said.

Stallings was attending Weber State University in Ogden when JFK was assassinated.

“I was walking across the parking lot and someone said, ‘The President’s been shot!’ I thought he was talking about the president of the university, and I thought, ‘Why the hell would anyone shoot the university president?’” Stallings recalls.

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Moments later, he walked into one of the buildings on campus and saw a group of people gathered around a TV. The news of Kennedy’s death is still a vivid memory that brings tears to his eyes.

“I was a great fan of his,” says Stallings.

Stallings wasn’t the only one who reacted that way. Diane Bilyeu, a former state legislator from Pocatello, had a similar reaction.

RELATED | Remembering Jimmy Carter’s trips to Idaho and his friendship with former Governor Cecil Andrus

The 89-year-old woman has no memory of Kennedy’s visit to the Gate City, but she still remembers where she was when she heard the news.

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“I was in my kitchen listening on the radio and it was such a shock. I was devastated, even though I was not politically active at the time. I loved John Kennedy. He was the reason I became politically active,” says Bilyeu.

Five years later, Bilyeu was elected to a seat in the Idaho Senate. She attended a rally at Idaho State University in 1968 when Robert Kennedy, JFK’s brother, made a stop there during his presidential campaign.

Similarly, JFK’s attendance at Harvard University prompted Nye to enroll there. He sat 10 rows behind the president as a student when Kennedy attended a football game at the private university.

Nye shared with the Journal his memories of watching Kennedy’s funeral procession in Washington, D.C.

“From Pocatello to Massachusetts and back, I was just one, like so many, with a bond and connection to JFK,” Nye said.

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nye and stallings
Former state legislator Mark Nye, left, and former Congressman Richard Stallings | Courtesy photos

People nationwide felt the loss of JFK’s death and Stallings says that what made it so impactful was Kennedy’s ability to “place himself in the homes and the hearts of the people.”

“It was almost like you lost a personal friend or a family member,” says Stallings. “He and Jackie were a dynamic pair. They just attracted people.”

There had never been a president like him, Stallings says. As far as he’s concerned, Kennedy remains one of America’s greatest presidents.

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OUR GEM: Drought and snowpack update for the Idaho Panhandle

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OUR GEM: Drought and snowpack update for the Idaho Panhandle



After a dry and mild fall, many were looking forward to an increase of moisture across North Idaho to lessen the drought impacts that have persisted for the last two years. Since last fall, the National Weather Service’s Climate Prediction Center has been advertising wetter-than-normal conditions for the winter season across the Inland NW with the arrival of La Niña.

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The rounds of precipitation picked up in November and continued off and on through December and into early January. This precipitation has been beneficial and not excessive for this time of the year. With low soil moisture, much of the precipitation soaked into the thirsty ground and gave way to less runoff with only slight rises on area rivers and creeks. The snowpack got off to an early start at the higher elevations and soared above normal by late November which was a boon for area ski resorts during the holiday season. As temperatures remained mild, the higher elevations reaped the benefits of the snow, while lower elevations experienced more cold rain with sloppy snow that melted quickly. 

As of mid-January, the National Resources Conservation Service mountain snow water equivalent across the Idaho Panhandle ranged from 95% to 118% of normal, and these sites were primarily above 4,500 feet. Water year precipitation, which began Oct. 1, was roughly 80% to 90% of normal for the Panhandle mountains, while the lower elevations from Sandpoint to Coeur d’Alene and Moscow to Lewiston were already above normal for the water year precipitation. With the influx of precipitation, drought conditions have seen a gradual improvement since the start of the water year with Abnormally Dry to Moderate Drought remaining across the Idaho Panhandle in the U.S. Drought Monitor.

Now it appears we’ve moved into a January lull as the storm track shifted from the region and leaving dry and cold weather, although no need to sound the alarms yet. There are still several weeks of winter left and the long-range forecasts and outlooks lean toward more active, wet weather by early February accompanied by colder temperatures. This trend is favored to continue into March and should bode well for the return to snow for northern Idaho, especially the mountains. The median peak snowpack for the Idaho Panhandle is typically around April 1 before the runoff season kicks into gear. 

As for the spring runoff season, the Long Range Flood Outlook appears to mirror close to climatology. There is an elevated risk of higher flows on the mainstem rivers across the central Idaho Panhandle, including the Coeur d’Alene at Cataldo and the Palouse at Potlatch. This is dependent on how fast the snow melts and how wet the weather turns this spring. It’s slightly early yet the Northwest River Forecast Center’s Water Supply forecast is leaning toward below-normal values across the Idaho Panhandle, ranging from 70% to 90% of normal for the April to September 2025 period.

A La Niña Advisory is in effect, and this La Niña is anticipated to be short-lived and weak with conditions transitioning to ENSO-neutral during March-May 2025 (60% chance). The CPC Seasonal Outlook for March into May continues to lean toward wetter and cooler than normal conditions for northern Idaho as drought removal looks likely. Stay up to date on the latest weather forecasts and updates on the local NWS Spokane webpage at www.weather.gov/spokane.  

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• • •

Robin Fox is a Service Hydrologist for the National Weather Service — Spokane.

The Our Gem Coeur d’Alene Lake Collaborative is a team of committed and passionate professionals working to preserve lake health and protect water quality by promoting community awareness of local water resources through education, outreach, and stewardship. Our Gem includes local experts from the University of Idaho — Idaho Water Resources Research Institute, Coeur d’Alene Tribe, Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, the Basin Environmental Improvement Project Commission, Kootenai Environmental Alliance. 



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LC State Women’s Tennis Falls to Idaho State in Boise

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LC State Women’s Tennis Falls to Idaho State in Boise


BOISE – The Warrior women continued their challenging weekend in Boise with a matchup against NCAA Division I Idaho State on Saturday. LC State Women’s Tennis used the opportunity to gain valuable experience heading into the season.

 

“A very productive weekend for the Warriors to play strong opponents on the road,” coach Kai Fong said. “It is nice to see their composure in challenging situations. The foundation is getting established for the season and I am appreciative of the group effort to improve.”

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After teaming up with Ana Govea in No. 3 doubles for a 6-2 loss, Rayana Shah battled in her No. 1 singles match and won six games. She fell 6-3, 6-3 against her DI opponent.

 

Beatriz Lambru had the strongest match of the day and pushed her opponent in No. 4 singles to three sets. After dropping the first frame 6-3, she rallied to take the second set 6-3. She lost the tie breaking set 10-5.

 

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Gwyn Heim picked up five games in her loss at No. 5 singles. She fell by scores of 6-3, 6-2.

 

UP NEXT

The Warriors continue competition against NCAA DI opponents on Jan. 31 when they host Montana in a doubleheader starting at noon in the Tennis Center.

 

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