West
Everything you need to know about the water drops in California during wildfires
Firefighters in California are battling the historic fires from the sky using a variety of effective and specialized aircraft that dump water and fire retardants over Los Angeles.
The state’s fleet includes tactical planes, air tankers, and helicopters. All have specific roles and capabilities but work together as a unit to combat the fires that have been raging since Tuesday. The fires have claimed 10 lives and torched tens of thousands of acres.
According to Cal Fire’s website, the fleet’s more than 60 planes and helicopters make it the largest department-owned fleet of aerial firefighting equipment in the world. Its fleet operates from 14 airfields and 11 helicopter bases across the state that can reach most fires within about 20 minutes.
A Super Scooper plane drops water on the Palisades Fire Tuesday, Jan. 7, 2025, in Pacific Palisades, Calif. (Brian van der Brug/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)
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Tactical planes often lead tanker planes, with the former providing directions and coordinates to the tankers and firefighters on the ground. According to Reuters, most of Cal Fire’s tactical planes are North American Rockwell OV-10 twin-turboprop, multi-mission aircraft that served with the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force until the 1990s.
Cal Fire’s fleet of tankers then drops fire retardant onto the terrain below.
The Grumman S-2T tanker, with its two turboprop engines, is the agency’s workhorse and can hold about 1,200 gallons of fire retardant. Cal Fire also operates larger C-130 Hercules four-engine turboprop aircraft, which can dump about 3,000 gallons per load.
Cal Fire owns a fleet of helicopters, including Bell UH-1H Super Hueys and Sikorsky S70i Black Hawk helicopters. These helicopters can each carry water in buckets hanging below the aircraft to douse the flames.
John Mixson, a retired U.S. Coast Guard helicopter search and rescue aircraft commander, told Fox News Digital that the buckets, known as bambi buckets, can accurately drop water.
“They can get to any lake or reservoir, and they’re able to lower the bucket down into the water and then pinpoint deliver their payload. So, it’s a little more accurate than the fixed wing, but it’s a little less in quantity of either suppressant or water,” Mixson said.
“The helicopters can carry enough water to put out fires, of course, depending on the size of the fire. They also can saturate the ground to prevent fire from spreading. The buckets range in size due to the capacity of the helicopter carrying them, some only 70-ish gallons, some more than 2,000 gallons.”
Water is dropped by helicopter on the Kenneth Fire in the West Hills section of Los Angeles Thursday, Jan. 9, 2025. (Ethan Swope/AP)
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Two Canadair CL-415 Super Scooper turboprop planes have also been deployed to battle the deadly infernos.
The Pentagon said Friday that two military C-130 Hercules aircraft equipped with a firefighting system are now on the scene, according to Military.com.
Six more C-130 airplanes are expected to be ready by Sunday. Some of the aircraft had to be refitted with firefighting systems because they were being used for cargo purposes. The fires have come outside the traditional firefighting season.
The scooper planes refill by descending to calm waters and skimming the water’s surface to load their tanks. They then release the water to douse a blaze and repeat the process until they need to refuel.
Super Scoopers have been loading up with saltwater from the Pacific Ocean, although this is fairly rare and typically avoided because it can damage equipment, infrastructure and wildlife, Frank Papalia, a former New York City Fire Department lieutenant and a fire safety expert at Global Security Group, told Fox News Digital.
Freshwater, whenever possible, is preferred because salt content is corrosive and can damage equipment like hoses and pumps.
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Airplanes scoop water from the ocean to douse the Palisades Fire in the mountains Jan. 9, 2025. (Sandy Hooper/Imagn)
“In this case, your city is burning to the ground, so using the saltwater is not that bad,” he told Fox News Digital.
Additionally, fire hydrants don’t use saltwater because they are not corrosion-resistant, but firetrucks can use saltwater. They just have to be close enough to get it and require thorough cleaning afterward.
Fire retardant isn’t dumped directly onto the fires. Instead, the chemical is dropped in front of a fire, directing its course or slowing its advance and giving ground crews a chance to control or extinguish it. Retardants can also be released to protect homes or important sites and to keep access roads open.
The substance is typically made of a mixture of water, fertilizer, a thickening agent and red dye. The red dye is added so firefighters can see the retardant against the landscape.
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The pilots who man these aircraft are known as aerial firefighting pilots, or waterbombers.
Mixon says pilots are from different backgrounds, but many previously served in the military.
They typically have to undergo specific training on their respective type of aircraft to handle their unique capabilities and systems. Most aerial firefighting pilots already have years of experience flying before they ever take to the skies in a firefighting aircraft.
According to Hillsboro Aero Academy, an Oregon-based flight school, becoming a helicopter pilot involves accumulating between 1,500 and 4,000 hours of helicopter flight time as a pilot in command (PIC), a pilot responsible for the safety and operation of an aircraft.
The flight hours equip aspiring pilots with vital knowledge about aircraft systems, mission training and fire behavior, and candidates need to prove they can operate firefighting helicopters in challenging conditions such as mountainous terrain. They also need technical skills to work closely with ground crews and other aircraft during missions and knowledge of how fires spread and how to contain them using aircraft.
A tanker drops retardant as the Palisades Fire grows in the hills of Topanga, Calif., Jan. 9, 2025. (David Swanson/AFP via Getty Images)
The hours are similar for prospective fixed-wing aircraft pilots.
“The crews are all extremely highly trained specifically for the specialized mission,” Mixson said. “This isn’t a secondary mission for the Cal Fire folks or any of the DOD or Forest Service firefighting folks. Just like the U.S. Coast Guard, they are very, very specialized in what they do.
“It is very hazardous, very challenging, but they’re also very, very highly trained, uniquely to the specific task.”
One of the most apparent dangers is the low altitude above hilly terrain in high wind conditions, which is what they’re battling now, Mixson said.
Mixson pointed out that, through the smoke, these crews must also avoid other aircraft, terrain and everyday hazards such as radio towers.
The strong Santa Ana winds prevented firefighting aircraft from being deployed earlier this week due to safety risks.
Meanwhile, a drone smashed into one of the Canadian Super Scoopers, too. The impact left a fist-sized hole in the water, dropping the aircraft’s wing. No injuries have been reported. Cal Fire said it expects the plane to be back in the air by Monday.
Reuters contributed to this report.
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Alaska
OPINION: Alaska’s LNG future requires creative thinking – Homer News
OPINION: Alaska’s LNG future requires creative thinking
Published 1:30 am Wednesday, July 1, 2026
Many Alaskans have grown increasingly skeptical that the proposed liquefied natural gas (LNG) pipeline is not moving forward because of its escalating cost. Early estimates placed the project near $44 billion; more recent figures — though unofficial — suggest costs approaching $60 billion or more. When projects reach this scale, uncertainty alone can stall even the most ambitious development plans.
That uncertainty is reflected in the caution shown by Alaskan major energy companies such as Exxon, ConocoPhillips, and BP. Their hesitation is not surprising: projects of this magnitude carry significant capital exposure, and investors require a clear path to profitability before committing. In practical terms, that means LNG prices would need to be high enough to recover costs and provide returns, even in a global market where competing supply — including underdeveloped reserves in Russia and elsewhere — continues to exist.
This cost pressure is also evident in current negotiations with prospective project partners. Currently, one example is Glenfarne, which has reportedly emphasized that state corporate taxes would need to be waived as part of any development agreement. While tax incentives are common in large infrastructure deals, the scale of the requested waiver raises legitimate questions about long-term public benefit and fiscal sustainability.
Alaska has faced similar debates before. During the Trans-Alaska Pipeline negotiations, tax structures were part of the broader discussion, but they were not treated as a condition that undermined the project’s feasibility. More recently, companies such as Hilcorp — now a major operator in Cook Inlet following acquisitions from BP — have benefited from favorable operating conditions, as a sub chapter S Corp, and therefore tax exempt.
Yet declining natural gas production in Cook Inlet has already raised concerns about long-term energy security for the Anchorage region, underscoring the need for new reliable supply sources. The central question is: if a project is only viable with extensive tax waivers and escalating public concessions, does it truly serve Alaska’s long-term economic interests? The state relies heavily on a limited set of revenue streams to fund education, transportation, and public services, including the Alaska Highway System. At the same time, Permanent Fund Dividend levels have become increasingly constrained. Against that backdrop, LNG development is often presented as one of the few significant new revenue opportunities on the horizon.
However, waiving broad categories of taxation for a single project could set a dangerous precedent with long-term consequences. Alaska must balance the need to attract investment with the responsibility to maintain a stable and equitable revenue base.
Infrastructure costs are only part of the challenge. Alaska’s unique land ownership structure — where the federal government controls roughly two-thirds of land within the state — adds complexity to large-scale development. This makes innovative approaches to transportation and energy export even more important.
It has been suggested that the proposed LNG line from the North Slope to Kenai be built in two phases. The first would be to build the line to initially serve the Fairbanks and Anchorage metro areas. Later, the final section, including the export dock, would be constructed on the Kenai. The drawback with this approach is the first section would not distribute enough LNG to cover operating costs or debt reduction.
An interesting group that continues to research the Arctic proposal of LNG by ice-breaking tanker to Asia is Oilak, associated with Lloyd Energy Company, with estimates of nearly 40% cost savings in transportation by the Arctic tanker route suggested.
Ice-breaking LNG tanker technology is already in use in Arctic regions, including Russia. Similar approaches could allow North Slope gas to reach Asian markets more directly. This would involve specialized loading facilities and seasonal shipping strategies designed around Arctic conditions.
During the 1967-68 period I worked in state government and during that time, we maintained a State office in Tokyo, Japan. The purpose was to promote Alaska resource potential to the Asian countries. This resulted in stimulating Alaska’s timber and fisheries industry, resulting in pulp mills in Sitka and sawmills in Ketchikan, Wrangell, Haines and Metlakatla, as well as several fish processing plants throughout Alaska.
I believe there is an opportunity to consider international equity partnerships in any LNG proposal. Countries such as Japan, South Korea, the Philippines and Taiwan, as well as other major LNG importers, could potentially participate as investors in infrastructure development in exchange for long term supply agreements. Similar models have been used in Alaska’s resource history, including earlier investment in timber, pulp and sawmills and fisheries operations across Alaska. Our state’s presence in Tokyo, as I’ve indicated, helped facilitate trade relations and market development.
These kinds of partnerships are not without complexity, but they reflect a broader truth: large-scale resource development increasingly requires creative financing structures and shared risk models.
Ultimately, the most expensive component of any LNG strategy is not just production, it is transportation to market. Whether through pipelines, rail systems, or Arctic shipping corridors, the chosen infrastructure path will determine the project’s viability more than resource availability itself.
Alaska should be cautious about allowing enthusiasm for a single project structure to override broader fiscal considerations. The goal should not be development at any cost, but development that strengthens the state’s long-term economic foundation. I believe if consideration of the potential of the Alaska Arctic tanker route were given genuine support by our governor and the legislature, the Arctic route would advance far beyond the current debate over foreign tax forgiveness. The state would generate greater revenue from the cost savings on transportation alone. Let’s take a look at how they are doing it from the Russian Arctic.
Frank Murkowski is a former U.S. senator and Alaska governor.
Arizona
Proposed data centers, ICE facility create mixed emotions in rural Arizona town
MARANA, AZ (AZFamily) — Proposals for data centers and ICE detention facilities in Marana are dividing neighbors and turning some against their local leaders.
These are two issues that some Republicans and Democrats are finding themselves agreeing on, as people try to take charge of who and what ends up in their communities.
“Well, first I think everyone on our city council needs to be replaced. What they are doing to Marana and surrounding areas is destroying our future and our kids’ futures,” a Marana resident said.
A recent proposal by the Department of Homeland Security would create an ICE detention center about 3 miles from the community center.
The property proposed for the ICE facility was a minimum-security prison with a capacity of about 500 people. The release said that renovations will increase capacity to 775, but could expand to over 1,300.
DHS officials say the facility would include more exam rooms, a dental area, and other features.
Arizona’s Family asked DHS for some clarification on those numbers and details. DHS released a statement saying, “ICE does not discuss individual pre-decisional conversations, but when a new facility contract is finalized, information will be available on ICE.gov.”
Data center concerns
Meanwhile, a rezoning application for a data center surfaced on the Town of Marana’s website last week.
It’s the second potential data center in the area and has people itching to get to public comment to voice their concerns.
“The detention center- we don’t need that here; no one wants that here. The data center- I mean, we already don’t have water and it’s awful; we don’t need another data center. Look at the ones across the country and what they’re doing,” the Marana resident we spoke with said.
Marana Town Manager Terry Rozema said nothing is set in stone.
“There’s so many factors that could come into considering whether or not something is beneficial to a community,” Rozema said.
Supporters of these projects said they will create jobs.
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California
California bill to block registered sex offenders from local office rejected by Senate committee
FRESNO, Calif. (KFSN) — California bill aimed at preventing registered sex offenders from holding local elected office was halted Tuesday after a Senate committee declined to advance the measure without changes opposed by its author.
Assembly Bill 2753, introduced by Assemblywoman Esmeralda Soria in February, would have prohibited anyone who is or has been required to register as a sex offender from running for local elective office.
“This issue is critical. We have heard loud and clear from the community that we must do something,” Soria said.
The proposal came to a stop in the Senate Elections Committee, where lawmakers argued the bill’s restrictions were too broad.
California’s sex offender registration system is divided into three tiers. Tier 1 offenders are generally required to register for 10 years, Tier 2 offenders for 20 years and Tier 3 offenders for life.
According to Soria, committee members proposed limiting the bill to Tier 3 offenders. She rejected those amendments, arguing that the legislation should apply more broadly.
“For this not to be the law today, where we’re banning people that have committed some of the most horrific crimes against children, against other people, you know, and we have survivors out there, I think it’s a disservice,” Soria said.
The bill had attracted significant support before reaching the Senate. It was backed by the Fresno City Council and passed the Assembly floor in April.
Fresno City Council President Nelson Esparza traveled to Sacramento to testify in favor of the measure and said he was disappointed by the outcome.
“I call it really a gut punch for our community, and what we had experienced here, and sort of the upheaval… I don’t think we want that to happen again here at Fresno,” Esparza said.
Esparza referenced controversy earlier this year involving registered sex offender Rene Campos, who sought a seat on the Fresno City Council but ultimately did not qualify for the ballot.
Opponents of the bill argued that candidacies should be decided by voters rather than restricted by law.
“It should be a decision made by the voters, so a person should not be barred from running for office and let the voters make the decision that makes the most sense for them,” said civil rights attorney Janice Bellucci.
With the committee declining to move the bill forward under its current language, efforts to enact the proposed restrictions have stalled for now.
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