Colorado
Most Colorado teacher prep programs devote enough time to math, but some lag, report finds
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With some exceptions, most of Colorado’s undergraduate teacher prep programs spend enough time training future elementary school teachers to teach math, according to a new report.
Just over half of Colorado universities that received ratings in the National Council on Teacher Quality report released Tuesday earned an A or A+ for their undergraduate prep programs. They include the University of Northern Colorado, which is the state’s largest teacher prep program, and the University of Colorado Colorado Springs, which is the state’s third largest program.
The state’s second largest teacher prep program, Metropolitan State University of Denver, earned a C. Adams State University in Alamosa was the only undergraduate prep program in the state to earn an F. Both universities sent identical statements to Chalkbeat — each credited to a different administrator — saying the state is the most legitimate judge of teacher prep program quality.
The National Council on Teacher Quality, a research and advocacy group, used syllabi and course descriptions to determine its grades. The Colorado Department of Education doesn’t give grades to prep programs, but it does reauthorize them every five years. During that process, department staff visit campuses and review a variety of data. The department has only recently begun taking a harder look at how prep programs cover math.
In contrast to the undergraduate program grades, all but one of Colorado’s graduate teacher prep programs earned a D or F from the council for how they train future elementary teachers in math.
The council’s report comes at a time when both state and national leaders are concerned about K-12 students’ math performance, particularly since schoolchildren haven’t fully rebounded from the pandemic. Colorado fourth graders made significant gains in math on recent National Assessment of Educational Progress tests, hitting 42% proficiency, compared with 36% in 2022. Still, they’re still below the 44% proficiency rate fourth graders achieved in 2019.
For two years, Colorado has paid for schools to use an online math tutoring program called Zearn, which may have contributed modestly to math gains, a recent study found. State officials are also taking a closer look at how teacher prep programs approach math education — though not to the level they’ve scrutinized teacher prep programs’ approach to reading instruction.
Starting in spring 2023, the Colorado Department of Education began meeting with math faculty during campus visits in advance of teacher prep program reauthorization. In December, department officials began reviewing how teacher prep math classes align with state math standards. The results will be shared privately with universities this summer, a department spokesperson said.
The new ratings of more than 1,100 teacher prep programs nationwide from the National Council on Teacher Quality are based on whether programs spend enough time — 15 to 45 hours — covering key math topics. The topics include numbers and operations, algebraic thinking, geometry and measurement, data analysis and probability, and math pedagogy, which focuses on how teachers teach math to students.
Kim Mahovsky, an assistant professor of teacher education at the University of Northern Colorado, said her university’s A grade for its undergraduate program is well deserved.
She said elementary education students are required to take three math courses, and students with an elementary math concentration will take at least one additional math course.
“We are very proud of the fact that we require our students to have all these math courses in order to teach elementary mathematics,” said Mahovsky, who teaches various math methods classes.
She said the number of instructional hours the National Council on Teacher Quality recommends for various math topics all made sense to her, except for geometry and measurement. The council’s 25-hour benchmark seemed “a little low,” she said. A typical 3-credit college class is equivalent to about 45 hours of instruction.
Mahovsky took issue with the council’s F grade for her university’s graduate program for future elementary educators. She said the grade doesn’t take into account that to gain admission, students in that program must have taken the three math courses required in the university’s undergraduate teacher prep program or, if they attended a different college for undergrad, equivalent classes.
“They should already have that foundational concept knowledge coming into a graduate program,” Mahovsky said.
Some Colorado universities didn’t want to discuss the council’s teacher prep program math grades. Metropolitan State University of Denver declined two interview requests from Chalkbeat.
A statement attributed to Liz Hinde, dean of the School of Education, said in part, “While we recognize the right of external agencies to review our programs and welcome anyone to visit our website and gather whatever information they would like from it, we believe that the State of Colorado is the most legitimate judge of the Educator Preparation Programs at Metropolitan State University of Denver.”
When asked why the statement mirrored one from Adams State University, a spokesperson for Metropolitan State said Hinde crafted the statement in collaboration with the Colorado Council of Deans/Directors of Education and shared it for any of the group’s members to use.
Ann Schimke is a senior reporter at Chalkbeat, covering early childhood issues and early literacy. Contact Ann at aschimke@chalkbeat.org.
Colorado
Colorado man sentenced to over 40 years in prison for murder of ex-girlfriend
A Boulder County man was sentenced to 48 years in prison for murdering his ex-girlfriend and dumping her body in 2024.
The Boulder County Sheriff’s Office said Christine Barron Olivas’s body was discovered in a remote area of unincorporated Boulder County on Sept. 14, 2024. She was last seen leaving the neighborhood with her boyfriend, Carlos Dosal, the week prior.
The coroner’s office determined the cause of her death was strangulation.
In Feb. 2026, Dosal pleaded guilty to second-degree murder as a crime of domestic violence in her death. On Saturday, the judge sentenced him to 48 years in the Colorado Department of Corrections.
Colorado
Saturday Night Showdown | Colorado Avalanche
Leading the Way
Nate the Great
MacKinnon is tied for fifth in the NHL in points (10), while ranking tied for seventh in goals (4) and tied for ninth in assists (6).
All Hail Cale
Cale Makar is tied for first in goals (4) among NHL defensemen,
Toewser Laser
Among NHL blueliners, Devon Toews is tied for third in points (7) while ranking tied for fifth in assists (5) and tied for sixth in goals (2).
Series History
The Avalanche and Wild have met in the playoffs on three previous occasions, all in the Round One, with Minnesota winning in 2003 and 2014 in seven games while Colorado was victorious in six contests in 2008.
Making Plays Against Minnesota
MacKinnon has posted 16 points (4g/12a) in nine playoff games against the Wild, in addition to 70 points (27g/43a) in 55 regular-season contests.
Makar has registered three points (2g/1a) in two playoff contests against Minnesota, along with 26 points (6g/20a) in 29 regular-season games.
Necas has recorded five points (1g/4a) in two playoff games against the Wild, in addition to nine points (5g/4a) in 15 regular-season games.
Scoring in the Twin Cities
Quinn Hughes is tied for the Wild lead in points (11) and assists (8) while ranking tied for second in goals (3).
Kaprizov is tied for first on the Wild in assists (8) and points (11) while ranking tied for second in goals (3).
Matt Boldy leads the Wild in goals (6) while ranking third in points (10) and tied for fourth in assists (4).
A Numbers Game
4.50
Colorado’s 4.50 goals per game on the road in the playoffs are tied for the most in the NHL.
39
MacKinnon’s 39 playoff goals since 2020-21 are the second most in the NHL.
2.17
The Avalanche’s 2.17 goals against per game in the playoffs are the second fewest in the NHL.
Quote That Left a Mark
“It should definitely get you up and excited. It’s gonna be a good test. [It’s a] great building and [it’s] against a desperate team. It’s gonna be great.”
— Gabriel Landeskog on playing in Minnesota
Colorado
Colorado Gov. Jared Polis signs state budget, with Medicaid taking brunt of cuts to close $1.5 billion gap
Colorado Gov. Jared Polis on Friday, May 8, signed into law a $46.8 billion state budget that cuts healthcare spending but preserves funding for K-12 education.
The budget applies to the 2026-27 fiscal year, which begins on July 1, and caps months of work by lawmakers, who wrestled with how to close a roughly $1.5 billion gap that ultimately forced reductions to Medicaid funding and other programs.
“This year was incredibly difficult and challenged each of us in a myriad of ways that put our values to the test,” said Rep. Emily Sirtota, a Denver Democrat and chair of the bipartisan Joint Budget Committee, which crafts the state’s spending plan before it is voted on by the full legislature. “It’s a zero-sum game. A dollar here means a dollar less over here.”
The state’s spending gap was the result of several factors.
The legislature is limited in how it can spend under the Taxpayer’s Bill of Rights, or TABOR, an amendment to the state constitution approved by voters in 1992 that limits government revenue growth to the rate of population growth plus inflation.
Lawmakers are also dealing with the consequences of increased spending on programs they created or expanded in recent years, some of which have seen their costs balloon beyond their original estimates. Costs for Medicaid services, in particular, have surged, driven by inflation, expanded benefits and greater demand for expensive, long-term care services due to Colorado’s aging population.
Medicaid cuts
Medicaid recently eclipsed K-12 education as the single-largest chunk of the state’s general fund and now accounts for roughly one-third of all spending from that fund.
Lawmakers, who are required by the state constitution to pass a deficit-free budget, said they had no choice but to cut Medicaid funding as a result.
That includes a 2% reduction to the state’s reimbursement rate for most Medicaid providers. The budget also institutes a $3,000 cap on adult dental benefits, limits billable hours for at-home caregivers of family members with severe disabilities to 56 hours per week and phases out, by Jan. 1, automatic enrollment for children with disabilities to receive 24/7 care as adults.
The budget also cuts benefits and places new limits on Cover All Coloradans, a program created by the legislature in 2022 that provides identical coverage as Medicaid to low-income immigrant children and pregnant women, regardless of their immigration status.
That includes an end to long-term care services for new enrollees, a $1,100 limit on dental benefits, and an annual enrollment cap of 25,000 for children 18 or younger. The cuts come as spending on the program has grown more than 600% beyond its original estimate, going from roughly $14.7 million to an estimated $104.5 million for the 2025-26 fiscal year.
While the budget still represents an overall increase in Medicaid spending compared to this year, funding is roughly half of what it would have been had lawmakers not made any changes to benefits and provider rates, which total about $270 million in savings for the state.
Healthcare leaders say the cuts will exacerbate an already challenging environment for providers, who are bracing for less federal support after Congress last year passed sweeping Medicaid cuts and declined to renew enhanced subsidies for the Affordable Care Act.
For rural hospitals in particular, Medicaid is one of their key funding drivers.
“While a 2% (Medicaid reimbursement rate cut) doesn’t sound like a whole lot, when we already have close to 50% of our rural hospitals statewide operating in the red and 70% with unsustainable margins, facing another 2% (cut) on top of that is just devastating,” said Michelle Mills, CEO for the Colorado Rural Health Center, which represents rural hospitals on the Western Slope and Eastern Plains.
If the state provides less reimbursement for Medicaid services, Mills said it will lead to fewer providers accepting Medicaid plans. That in turn will mean fewer care options for people, particularly in Colorado’s rural counties, where healthcare services are already more limited.
“I feel like all of the decisions and cuts that they’re making are hitting everyone,” she said.
Rep. Rick Taggart, a Grand Junction Republican and budget committee member, said cuts to healthcare led to “a lot of tears.”

“This was a tough budget, and nobody won in this budget, but we did what we had to do by way of the (state) constitution,” he said.
While Medicaid saw some of the biggest cuts, lawmakers also trimmed spending from a suite of other programs, including financial aid for adoptive parents and grants providing mental health support for law enforcement.
Preserving K-12 education
One of the brighter spots for Polis and lawmakers in the budget is K-12 education.
After years of chronically underfunding the state’s schools, lawmakers in 2024 rolled out a revamped funding formula and abolished what was known as the budget stabilization factor, a Great Recession-era mechanism that had allowed the state to skirt its constitutional funding obligation to schools for more than a decade.
The new funding formula went into effect this school year, and the state is set to continue delivering higher levels of K-12 funding in the 2026-27 fiscal year budget. The budget allocates roughly $10.19 billion in K-12 funding, an increase of roughly $194.8 million, though the specifics of that spending are still being worked out in a separate bill, the 2026 School Finance Act, which has yet to pass the legislature.
The finance act guides how state and local funds are allocated to Colorado’s 178 school districts on a per-pupil basis. As it stands now, the bill is on track to increase per-pupil funding by $440 per student for the 2026-27 fiscal year, for a total of $12,314 per student.
“We are not returning to the days of underfunding our schools and a budget stabilization factor,” Polis said.

Still, there are challenges on the horizon for some districts.
Combined with a proposed three-year averaging model for student counts instead of the current four-year averaging, recent dips in student enrollment across the state will weigh more heavily on how much funding is allocated to each district. The shift to three-year averaging advances the state’s plan to gradually phase in the new school finance formula by 2030-31.
With several districts seeing decreased year-over-year enrollment and rising operational expenses like healthcare, some Western Slope school districts are poised to see less funding compared to this year, while others are seeing their increases eaten up by inflation.
A note on wolves
The topic of Colorado’s spending on gray wolf reintroduction hasn’t gone away, and while Medicaid headlined much of the budget discussions, lawmakers also used the spending plan to send a message on the future of the wolf program.
While the budget allocates $2.1 from the general fund to Colorado Parks and Wildlife to spend on wolf reintroduction, it also contains a footnote from lawmakers asking the agency not to use the money to acquire new wolves.
Footnotes are not legally binding, but rather serve as a direction or guidance from lawmakers to agencies on how they want certain funds spent.
Under the footnote, the wildlife agency could still use gifts, grants, donations and non-license revenue from its wildlife cash fund to bring additional wolves to Colorado. Most of the agency’s wolf funding goes toward personnel, followed by operating costs, compensation for ranchers and conflict minimization programs and tools.
Education reporter Andrea Teres-Martinez and wildlife and environmental reporter Ali Longwell contributed to this story.
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