Connect with us

California

California-mandated ethnic studies sparks curriculum clash

Published

on

California-mandated ethnic studies sparks curriculum clash


California’s public schools will be required to offer a full-year course in ethnic studies beginning in the 2025-26 school year. And by 2030, students won’t be able to graduate without it.

But school districts, including some in the Bay Area, are caught up in a curriculum crossfire that’s landed some in hot water — and court.

Ethnic studies examines the history of race and ethnicity in the United States, with an emphasis on the experiences of people of color. But as public schools face heightened tensions stemming from the Israel-Hamas war, the clock is ticking for educational leaders to address how to teach the state’s new mandate — especially when it comes to Israel, Palestine and the ongoing conflict.

The state took five years and four drafts to approve an ethnic studies “model curriculum” for schools to follow. But districts are not required to implement it as long as their curriculums don’t reflect or promote bias, discrimination or religious doctrine.

Advertisement

There are two competing visions of ethnic studies at the heart of the conflict: critical or “liberated” ethnic studies — often taught at universities — and “constructive” ethnic studies, which the state’s model now closely resembles.

The key difference between the two courses comes down to politics, said Elina Kaplan, co-founder of the Alliance for Constructive Ethnic Studies, an advocacy group pushing for schools to implement constructive ethnic studies.

The liberated model “focuses on power structures, repression, imperialism, colonization,” Kaplan said. “Everything else is what we would call constructive ethnic studies. Think of it as the depoliticized version of ethnic studies.”

Elina Kaplan, the co-founder of the Alliance for Constructive Ethnic Studies, at her home in Foster City, Calif., on Friday, June 7, 2024. (Dai Sugano/Bay Area News Group) 

When the state unveiled the first draft of its curriculum in 2019, the material was largely criticized for being antisemitic, loaded with politically correct jargon and not inclusive enough about the histories of Jewish, Armenian, Sikh and other communities.

“It was very clear that it did not represent all of the communities that needed to be included,” said Marc Levine, a former state Assembly member and the Central Pacific regional director for the Anti-Defamation League. “In fact, it had discriminatory language specifically about Jews and Israel.”

Advertisement

The draft received over 20,000 public comments, most of which objected to the omission of Jewish Americans and antisemitism, while Israeli persecution of Palestinians was highlighted. The 2019 draft also included sample topics focusing on strikes and protests for Palestine and calling for the boycott, divestment and sanctions of Israel.

One source material included a song by Ana Tijouz and Shadia Mansour, with the lyric, “for every free political prisoner, an Israeli colony is expanded.”

Gov. Gavin Newsom described the curriculum as “insufficiently balanced and inclusive” and said the draft needed to be substantially amended.

In 2021, he approved a bill that revised the model ethnic studies curriculum and removed content Jewish groups found harmful. Palestine isn’t mentioned once in the finalized 700-page curriculum model or 30 sample lessons, although lessons on the Holocaust, antisemitism and Jewish American identity are included.

The original course was designed by a group of 19 ethnic studies experts who were selected by the California Department of Education. After the state revamped the curriculum, some members of the group joined with other educators and activists to develop and implement their own course, the Liberated Ethnic Studies Model Curriculum Coalition.

Advertisement

The group did not respond to The Bay Area News Group’s request for comment, but in a statement on its website said that the ethnic studies model curriculum that the state Board of Education approved in March 2021 bears so little relation to the original draft” that every member of the advisory council “demanded that their name be removed.”

The coalition complained that the state’s new curriculum “sanitizes” the course by removing or redefining terms like capitalism and revolution, erases all mention of Palestine and fails to depict the impact of the Black Lives Matter movement and the true causes of police brutality.

But the liberated coalition’s model also has been widely criticized as antisemitic.

StandWithUs, an international nonprofit promoting Israel education, said the coalition was trying to “exploit” the state’s new requirement as a “platform for antisemitism, anti-Israel propaganda and other forms of bias.” The Foundation Against Intolerance and Racism said the model’s promotion of a specific political view violates the California Constitution and Education Code.

Several California school districts are already facing lawsuits over material some find objectionable.

Advertisement

The Deborah Project, a law firm advocating Jewish civil rights, has sued Mountain View-Los Altos Union High School District and Hayward Unified High School District, citing “overtly” antisemitic teaching materials.

The firm has also sued the coalition for pushing antisemitic and anti-Zionest materials in Los Angeles public schools.

Sequoia Union High School District, Morgan Hill Unified School District and Berkeley Unified School District are also facing backlash from community members for their ties to the liberated coalition’s model.

While both course models focus on four areas — Black studies, Asian American and Pacific Islander studies, Chicanx/Latinx studies and Native American studies — Liberated’s material largely excludes the histories of ethnic groups who may be considered White.

The Liberated Coalition explained that its course material does not include European-American ethnic groups, including Jews, because while those groups have faced discrimination, “their experiences differ from the contemporary and historical experiences of radicalized communities in the U.S., especially their experiences with racism and colonialism.”

Advertisement

Liberated also focuses heavily on activism in its student assignments. For one lesson on redlining and U.S. housing discrimination, the course has students write a persuasive letter to county leaders calling for reparations.

The group responded to criticism of its course saying that students are aware of their surroundings — including racism and injustice — from a very young age.

“Ethnic studies doesn’t tell students what to think, but it is a framework for understanding their reality,” the group said.

But co-founder of the Alliance for Constructive Ethnic Studies, Kaplan, said the model stands to do more harm than good in the long run.

“Ethnic studies is good and it’s healthy and it’s the right thing for our students to be learning,” Kaplan said. “They should just be learning it in the way that the legislators intended, which is in this positive empowering way to learn about each other and to confront racism and discrimination.”

Advertisement



Source link

California

California Republicans face off for party’s endorsement ahead of spring primary

Published

on

California Republicans face off for party’s endorsement ahead of spring primary


The California Republican Party will make endorsements of the candidates running for office — including for the state’s next governor — on Sunday during the final day of the California Republican Convention in San Diego.

Candidates made their plea for endorsement to the party’s delegates at the convention, held at the Sheraton San Diego Resort on Harbor Island, on Saturday — with promises to root out alleged misuse of spending, push forward voter identification initiatives and boost affordability in the state.

The party faces what could be an uphill battle to win in the majority Democratic state, and is also coming off the loss of Proposition 50 last year, in which voters overwhelmingly voted to redistrict the state to benefit Democrats.

Despite the challenges, Republican candidates and convention attendees showed up hopeful for their odds — with especially strong enthusiasm behind the two candidates for governor, Riverside County Sheriff Chad Bianco and former Fox News commentator Steven Hilton.

Advertisement
Riverside County Sheriff Chad Bianco, a candidate for governor, speaks at a candidate forum during the 2026 California Republican Party Spring Convention. (Kristian Carreon / The San Diego Union-Tribune)

“This election has always been ours for the taking,” said Bianco. “It is up to us — conservative, common-sense Republicans — to show proven leadership, compassion and integrity matters.”

Hilton has been endorsed by President Donald Trump — a development some expect could hurt his chances of winning in the largely blue state.

But many of the candidates expressed support and alignment with the Trump administration and its policies, including efforts to ban transgender athletes in women’s and girls’ sports and abolish sanctuary cities, which limit cooperation with federal immigration enforcement.

California gubernatorial candidate Steve Hilton speaks during a candidate forum at the 2026 California Republican Party Spring Convention at the Sheraton San Diego Resort on Saturday, April 11, 2026. (Kristian Carreon / The San Diego Union-Tribune)
California gubernatorial candidate Steve Hilton speaks during a candidate forum at the 2026 California Republican Party Spring Convention. (Kristian Carreon / The San Diego Union-Tribune)

“It’s going to be a whole new story in California,” Hilton said. “We are going to play our part in (Trump’s) golden age for America.”

That support for Trump was on full display at the convention, with loud cheers from the audience when the candidates mentioned the president’s policies and signs saying “Make California Golden Again,” co-opting his signature slogan.

Associate delegate from Ventura County Jennifer McCarthy says she wants a candidate with Trump’s ideals, which is why she’s supporting Hilton.

Advertisement

“I think he has the political and the business experience, plus the media experience, that he will be able to make the difference in California,” she added.

The party’s delegates will announce its endorsements during the final day of the convention on Sunday.

Candidates for multiple California government positions stand before speaking at a forum during the 2026 California Republican Party Spring Convention at the Sheraton San Diego Resort on Saturday, April 11, 2026. (Kristian Carreon / The San Diego Union-Tribune)
Candidates for multiple California government positions stand before speaking at a forum during the 2026 California Republican Party Spring Convention at the Sheraton San Diego Resort on Saturday. (Kristian Carreon / The San Diego Union-Tribune)

Along with the candidate forum, the convention on Saturday offered a series of events, including a book signing with former Trump administration press secretary Sean Spicer and a panel on voter identification and the future of elections.

Booths with volunteers promoting candidates and vendors selling merchandise lined the main hall of the convention, and bedazzled clothing for sale — along with rows of “Make America Great Again” hats and other Trump-related merchandise — further decorated the space.

Ronald Solomon sits at his booth selling President Donald Trump gear during the 2026 California Republican Party Spring Convention at the Sheraton San Diego Resort on Saturday, April 11, 2026. (Kristian Carreon / The San Diego Union-Tribune)
Ronald Solomon sits at his booth selling President Donald Trump gear during the 2026 California Republican Party Spring Convention at the Sheraton San Diego Resort on Saturday, April 11, 2026. (Kristian Carreon / The San Diego Union-Tribune)

San Diego resident Blake Marnell says he’s been often seen at Trump rallies wearing a signature suit with a brick pattern on it — to symbolize his support for the Trump administration’s border fence — but he left the outfit at home on Saturday, since the convention was more focused on California issues.

Marnell is supportive of Hilton for governor and says he thinks he will be able to reach independent voters as well as Republicans.

“I don’t see Steve Hilton as being a party politician,” he said. “He’s got a lot of crossover.”

Advertisement

But Louisa Millington, from Riverside, says Trump’s endorsement of Hilton is detrimental in a state like California.

“I would vote for (Trump) again today, but in California, we need a governor for California, not for Washington, D.C.,” she said. “We can’t have our president picking and crowning who’s going to be our governor in California.”



Source link

Advertisement
Continue Reading

California

California salmon fishing finally poised to reopen. Can the industry recover?

Published

on

California salmon fishing finally poised to reopen. Can the industry recover?


After three years of unprecedented closures that devastated California’s fishing industry, commercial salmon fishing is poised to reopen this spring.

The return comes with a catch: Regulators at the interstate Pacific Fishery Management Council will strictly constrain fishing dates and impose harvest limits for both commercial and recreational fishing to protect the threatened California Coastal Chinook. The council is set to finalize the details this weekend.

It’s not the season the fleet had hoped for after years of closures. But those who survived the shutdowns fear a graver threat: state and federal decisions could reshape California’s water systems and rivers.

“Water policy in California is about to change drastically and irreversibly, and nobody has the energy to pay attention to that,” said Sarah Bates, who fishes commercially from San Francisco. “I am concerned that salmon is going to be (commercially) extinct in our lifetimes.”

Advertisement

For the first time since 2022, Bates was preparing her century-old boat, the Bounty, docked at Fisherman’s Wharf. She ticked off the boat’s needs: an oil change, a hydraulics check, a run-through of the steering system, the anchor. Her fading fishing permit, now four years out of date, still clings to the outside of the cabin.

“Pay no attention to my paint job,” Bates said. “Try not to make my boat look bad.”

Looking at its cracking paint and tangled ropes, Bates — who wrestles waves and weather for a living and uses a fishing float dented by a massive shark bite — seemed a little daunted by the tasks ahead.

Advertisement

Without income from salmon, Bates allowed critical upkeep to lag. “There’s been a lot of deferred maintenance,” she said. “I’m actually a little worried about everybody charging out into the ocean in May to go fishing.”

‘A tremendous, avoidable hit’

Salmon is king in California. It’s what keeps the markets and restaurants buying, the industrial-scale ice machines running, the tourists booking charter boats and visiting the coast.

“It’s iconic,” said retired charter boat captain John Atkinson. “We have people who will fish every week for salmon. And for the other species, they come out once.”

But dams, water diversions, low flows and poor ocean conditions have driven decades of decline.

California experienced its driest three year stretch in history from 2020 through 2022 — worsening that burden and causing populations to plummet. Interstate fisheries managers cancelled commercial salmon fishing for an unprecedented three years in a row, and barred recreational fishing for all but a handful of days last year.

Advertisement

The financial damage was severe. California estimated the closures cost nearly $100 million in lost coastal community and state personal income during the first two years alone.

The fishing industry says these numbers vastly underestimate the economic and human costs: Boats went to the crusher, tourists took their money to other states, suppliers went out of business and fishers fled California or the industry altogether.

“This was a tremendous, avoidable hit. We have survived droughts throughout recent history, but none had impacts this drastic,” Vance Staplin, executive director of the Golden State Salmon Association, said in an email.

First: Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco on March 20, 2026. Last: Sunlight pours through a window of the Bounty, a commercial fishing vessel, on March 20, 2026. Photos by Jungho Kim for CalMatters Sarah Bates, a commercial salmon fisher, stands at the wheel of her boat, Bounty, at Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco on March 20, 2026. Photo by Jungho Kim for CalMatters California has requested disaster assistance from the U.S. Secretary of Commerce. But federal aid has come slowly, and fallen short. The U.S. government has released only $20.6 million, and only for the 2023 closure.

“The entire framework for fishery disasters has to be totally redone,” said U.S. Rep. Jared Huffman, a California Democrat and ranking member of the House Natural Resources Committee. “We need something that is much faster, that is less political, that doesn’t depend on all the vagaries of multiple federal agencies and congressional appropriations.”

Advertisement

Rain, but little respite

The rains returned in 2023 — bringing the flows and cool water young salmon need to survive and complete their ocean migration.

Now, the Pacific Fishery Management Council projects that roughly 392,000 Sacramento River fall-run Chinook salmon are swimming off the coast. These are the mainstay of California’s salmon fishery — and the forecasts are better than last year’s, though still a fraction of the millions that returned historically. But the limited fishing season is not the respite that the industry had counted on.

“We’re happy to get some fishing this year,” Staplin, of the Golden State Salmon Association, said, “but if we want to preserve the businesses and families that define California’s coastal and inland salmon economies, we need a little compromise and balance in prioritizing water during droughts.”

A plan or a patch?

Two years ago, Gov. Gavin Newsom released a plan aimed at protecting salmon from climate change.

The plan received mixed reactions.

Advertisement

Some scientists and members of the fishing community credited state agencies and the Newsom administration with concrete efforts like hatchery upgrades and cutting-edge genetic fish tagging. One$58 million state and federal effort — the Big Notch Project — connected salmon and other fish to prime floodplain habitat in the Yolo Bypass through seasonal gates.

“Anything that can be done is a help right now,” Atkinson said.

But others say that the strategy papers over policies that rob salmon of the cold water they need. California is built around nature-defying engineering that funnels vast amounts of water away from rivers to supply cities and the state’s $60 billion agricultural economy.

“As soon as it stops raining or snowing, we’re going to be back in the same situation with the salmon season closing,” said Jon Rosenfield, science director at The San Francisco Baykeeper. “If we don’t protect river flows and cold water storage, then we’re not protecting salmon.”

Some of the fiercest fights are over the contentious Delta tunnel and Newsom’s controversial deal with major water users, backed by $1.5 billion in state funding, to overhaul how farms and cities take water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and the rivers that feed it.

Advertisement

Carson Jeffres, a senior researcher at the UC Davis Center for Watershed Sciences, takes a more moderate view — the effect on salmon will depend on how California agencies manage these projects, but the status quo isn’t an option.

“I just don’t see a world where the salmon are prioritized over human water needs — and I think we should plan for it,” he said. “Then that might be a more sustainable place.”

On top of state policies is a Trump administration that called for “Putting People over Fish” and adopted a plan in December to send more Northern California water to Central Valley farms.

State wildlife officials said at the time that President Donald Trump’s actions “run counter” to California’s efforts to improve salmon populations, “harming the California communities that rely on salmon for their livelihood.”

California Secretary of Natural Resources Wade Crowfoot acknowledged the state’s finite water supply can’t satisfy everyone’s priorities.

Advertisement

“There’s no shortage of finger pointing by some groups who argue that not enough water is remaining in our rivers for salmon and aquatic habitat, and other groups that suggest that not enough water is being diverted for California communities and agriculture,” Crowfoot said.

“Water management in California,” he said, “involves balancing water across these needs.”

Last year, the Newsom administration announced that nearly 70% of the salmon strategy’s action items were underway, and more than a quarter were already complete.

That’s “crazy math … What is your outcome measure?” said Bates. “For us, our outcome measure is enough fish to go fishing.”

Adapting to survive

In the absence of enough fish, the industry has been piloting new strategies to survive.

Advertisement

Back at Fisherman’s Wharf, a few rows over from Bates, Captain Virginia Salvador was getting ready to take a group out to troll for halibut and striped bass. Her French bulldog, Anchovy, wandered the deck between the ropes.

Salvador started her charter boat business, Unforgettable Fishing Adventures, during the salmon shutdown — and had to quickly expand her offerings.

Now, she runs barbecue and barhopping cruises around San Francisco Bay and takes passengers to McCovey Cove during Giants games. She teams up with food influencer Rosalie Bradford Pareja to offer a chef experience. And she still holds down a second job working in a hospital pathology laboratory.

“When you rely on a natural entity for your income, you have to learn how to deviate, pivot, expand,” Salvador said.

Captain Virginia Salvador on her boat, Unforgettable, at Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco on March 20, 2026. Photo by Jungho Kim for CalMatters Where the front row of charter boats line the street like storefronts, Bates’ row at Fisherman’s Wharf has the feeling of a neighborhood. One fisherman clambered down the ladder to Bates’ boat, where they swapped great white shark stories. Bates hollered to another neighbor every time a tourist wandered down the dock, bucket in hand, looking to buy fresh crab.

Advertisement

This neighbor, a tattooed and lanky and exhausted fisherman named Shawn Chen Flading, had been out all night. His 12 hour mission to retrieve crab pots turned into a 26 hour ordeal when his throttle cable broke.

At the time Flading bought his boat, before the shutdowns, it looked like a pretty good living.

“A lot of people — the older generation — put their kids through college, bought their homes. And it just disappeared,” Flading said. “I lost basically half my revenue for the past three years straight.”

He tries to fill the gap by advertising on social media and selling Dungeness crab directly off his boat. But the crab season, too, he said, has been disappointing.

Now, salmon fishing is once again on the horizon.

Advertisement

“Whatever limited opportunity we have for salmon, at least we’re getting the ball rolling,” Flading said to Bates across the water between their boats, over the San Francisco mix of cars, construction and seagulls. “Without that, we’re just stuck.”

Bates, leaning on the railing of her own boat, agreed. “I really understand why people are upset,” she said. “But also, I’m so excited to catch some fish. Even though it’s not enough. It’s not even close to enough.”

This article was originally published on CalMatters and was republished under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives license.





Source link

Advertisement
Continue Reading

California

Sheriff’s lieutenant with million-pound fireworks stash led to deadly blast, prosecutors say

Published

on

Sheriff’s lieutenant with million-pound fireworks stash led to deadly blast, prosecutors say


A former Yolo County Sheriff’s Office lieutenant is one of five people charged with murder following a fireworks warehouse explosion that killed seven workers in the rural Northern California community of Esparto last summer, authorities said.

Samuel Machado is accused of illegally having 1 million pounds of fireworks on his property at the time of the blast and using his law enforcement position to shield the illicit operation from scrutiny for years, according to the Yolo County district attorney’s office.

Machado was placed on administrative leave following the violent July 1 explosion, which was felt by residents up to 20 miles away, destroyed a family farm and sparked a 78-acre grass fire.

Devastating Pyrotechnics LLC and Blackstar Fireworks, Inc., are accused of manufacturing and storing explosives — including some too powerful to even be legally considered fireworks — on Machado’s property. On Friday, Yolo County Dist. Atty. Jeff Reisig announced a 30-count felony indictment had been filed against seven people connected to the blast, following the largest investigation he’s seen in two decades at the office. A separate five-count felony indictment was filed against an eighth defendant, Machado’s wife.

Advertisement

The most serious counts are seven second-degree murder charges — one for each of the warehouse workers who died.

An investigative report filed by a Yolo County civil grand jury last month stated that various top county authorities were aware of the sprawling illegal operation for at least three years prior to the lethal explosion, yet failed to take action.

A county Building Services Department official received a tip that the property was being used by two pyrotechnics businesses in June 2022, according to the report. Department officials wrote in emails that they would inspect the site, but noted they would “tread lightly” as the property was owned by “deputies that we work with.”

“Inexplicably, no code enforcement occurred, even though all dangerous fireworks had been banned by ordinance throughout rural Yolo County since 2001,” the report states. “In the absence of official oversight and enforcement, unmitigated expansion of the fireworks businesses operating at the site in Esparto led directly to death and destruction.”

In addition to Machado, the owner of Devastating Pyrotechnics, Kenneth Chee, operations manager Jack Lee and business partner Gary Chan Jr. all were charged with murder, as was Douglas Tollefsen of Blackstar Fireworks, Inc.

Advertisement

Machado’s wife, Tammy, was working at the Sheriff’s Office in an administrative position at the time of the blast. She also has been placed on leave and was charged in a separate indictment with child and animal endangerment for allegedly storing illegal fireworks at their property, as well as tax fraud and mortgage fraud.

The 30-count indictment alleges a decadelong conspiracy that “turned the property of a former Sheriff’s Lieutenant Sam Machado into the Northern California hub for an illegal enterprise that imports illegal explosives on the black market,” Yolo County Deputy Dist. Atty. Clara Nabity said at a Friday news conference.

Devastating Pyrotechnics is accused of expanding its footprint from 13 storage containers on Machado’s property in 2015 to more than 50 containers and a 5,000-square-foot warehouse in 2025.

During that period, the enterprise allegedly imported more than 11 million pounds of explosives and related materials onto a site located near residents and a family pool, Nabity said. None of the storage containers were licensed by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, and there are no licenses that permit the storage of explosives near homes and public roadways, Nabity said.

Other counts filed in the indictments include charges for having a dangerous workplace, unlawfully causing a fire, insurance fraud, child endangerment, animal cruelty, tax fraud and possession of illegal assault weapons.

Advertisement

Seven people charged in connection with the explosion were arrested in a sweeping operation early Thursday morning, Reisig said, including Blackstar Fireworks owner Craig Cutright. Ronald Botelho III, who worked for Blackstar, has been in custody since December on separate charges, the Associated Press reported, and on Thursday was charged for his alleged role in the explosion.

Chee, the owner of Devastating Pyrotechnics, was arrested in Orlando, Fla. Jail records obtained by Monterey Bay area news station KSBW indicate that he was apprehended at Disney World.

The defendants are scheduled to be arraigned Monday, Reisig said. Chee and another defendant who was arrested outside the county will be arraigned once they have been transferred to local custody, he added.

“This investigation has thus far involved dozens, maybe hundreds of law enforcement agencies around the state and the country,” Reisig said. “It has taken us across California, it’s taken us across the nation and it’s even taken us across our national borders.”

The seven workers killed in the explosion were identified as Christopher Goltiao Bocog, 45, and Neil Justin Li, 41, of San Francisco; Joel Jeremias Melendez, 28, of Sacramento; Carlos Javier Rodriguez-Mora, 43, of San Andreas; brothers Jesus Manaces Ramos, 18, and Jhony Ernesto Ramos, 22, of San Pablo; and Angel Mathew Voller, 18, of Stockton, according to the Yolo County coroner’s office.

Advertisement

The families of the victims filed a $35-million claim against the county and state fireworks regulators alleging widespread negligence for allowing the illegal operation to continue.



Source link

Continue Reading

Trending