Technology
What hackers can learn about you from a data broker file
Hackers are pretty scary. Amoral, hooded figures with magical computer skills that can break into anything within minutes.
At least that is what most of us think of when we hear the term “hacker.” It is not exactly a realistic or particularly representative image, but, at the same time, it is not too far off the mark either.
What many people do not realize is just how much hackers can learn about you from a data broker file, detailed profiles compiled from your personal information collected and sold by data brokers. This hidden industry fuels much of what hackers use to target individuals today.
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Illustration of a person’s personal data. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)
What is a data broker, and why should you care?
When most people hear the term “data broker,” on the other hand, they draw a blank. Is it a person or company that buys and sells data? Basically, yes. Data brokers collect, sort, analyze, package and sell access to personal information. Whose personal information? Anyone’s and everyone’s, including yours.
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Illustration of a person’s personal data. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)
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What kinds of personal information do they deal in?
Here is a list of possible data points you, random companies, your worst enemy, your neighbors and, yes, hackers can find in a data broker file:
- Full name
- Past legal names
- Known aliases
- Social media handles
- Gender
- Sexual preferences
- Date of birth or age
- Social Security number (SSN)
- Current and past home addresses
- Current and past phone numbers
- Current, past and secret email addresses
- Political preferences and affiliations
- Occupation
- Current employer
- Employment history
- Business associates
- Education
- Marital status
- Marriage and divorce records
- Family status (number and ages of children)
- Relatives
- Property information
- Vehicle registration
- Assets
- Financial information
- Bankruptcies, judgments and liens
- Licenses (drivers license, firearms permits, etc.)
- Court records
- Criminal records
- Mugshots
- Sex-offender status
- Health history
- Location data
- IP information
- Device information (phone, tablet and computer models)
- Web browser information
- Shopping habits
- Interests and hobbies.
Quite the list, is it not? It is not exhaustive; there is more that data brokers collect and more yet that they and their customers can infer from data points like these. What exactly a given data broker has will depend on which category it falls into.
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Illustration of a person’s personal data. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)
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Types of data brokers: Who’s collecting and selling your information?
The most visible data brokers are commonly known as people search sites or people finder sites. These are the sites that show up when you Google yourself, or a hacker Googles you. They are just the tip of the iceberg, though. There are other data brokers that do not bother indexing individual profiles with search engines, preferring instead to deal with other companies and even governments directly. These are the other major types of data brokers, in addition to people search sites:
Marketing data brokers focus more on your browsing habits, past purchases and interests. They are responsible for “personalized marketing” as well as helping other companies target you with those surprisingly relevant ads you see online.
Recruitment data brokers collect and process personal information to offer background screening services to organizations evaluating job candidates or performing background checks before making an offer. Unfortunately, although illegal, there is nothing actually stopping unscrupulous employers from using the much less regulated and reliable people search sites for the same purposes.
Risk mitigation brokers aggregate a variety of background, criminal, property and other information to provide assessment reports to various investment and business companies. The information they collect is aimed at helping such companies manage risk in taking on new business.
Financial information brokers collect various personal finance and background information for credit companies and banks to calculate your credit score and may influence your eligibility to get loans and lines of credit.
Health information data brokers collect information about your general health and sell it to companies in healthcare and related fields. This information can be used to target you with health product ads and even set your insurance premiums.
Hackers are most likely to use people search sites, though; they are easily accessible, eminently searchable, relatively cheap (with trial offers for as little as a dollar) and do not ask any questions. Other data brokers may also sell personal information to hackers, but they tend to sell profiles in bulk.
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Want your data taken off this market?
It is perfectly normal to want no part in any of this. Unfortunately, there is no federal law on the books in the U.S. that would either prevent this kind of data trade or give you an easy, legally enforced way to opt out.
The good news is that, thanks to an incomplete patchwork of state laws, personal information removal services can approach hundreds of individual data brokers on your behalf with legally binding data-removal requests.
While no service can guarantee the complete removal of your data from the internet, a data removal service is really a smart choice. They aren’t cheap — and neither is your privacy. These services do all the work for you by actively monitoring and systematically erasing your personal information from hundreds of websites. It’s what gives me peace of mind and has proven to be the most effective way to erase your personal data from the internet. By limiting the information available, you reduce the risk of scammers cross-referencing data from breaches with information they might find on the dark web, making it harder for them to target you. Check out my top picks for data removal services here.
Kurt’s key takeaways
It is easy to feel overwhelmed when you realize just how much of your personal information is out there, and how many different players are collecting, selling and using it. But knowing how data brokers operate is the first step to taking back control. Whether it is people search sites or the less visible brokers working behind the scenes, your data is valuable, and you deserve to know who has it and what they are doing with it. The good news is, there are tools and services out there that can help you clean up your digital footprint and protect your privacy. So, do not just sit back and hope for the best — take action and make your data work for you, not against you.
In your opinion, what should be done to give people more control over their data? Let us know by writing us at Cyberguy.com/Contact
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Technology
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Technology
Fake Windows update installs hidden malware
NEWYou can now listen to Fox News articles!
If you’ve ever clicked “Check for updates” and trusted what you saw, you’re not alone. That’s exactly what this latest scam is counting on.
The page mimics official branding, includes a believable knowledge base number and presents a big blue download button that feels familiar.
The catch? The download installs malware designed to steal passwords, payment details and account access.
According to researchers at Malwarebytes Labs, a cybersecurity research and threat intelligence team inside Malwarebytes, the site uses a typosquatted domain that looks close enough to a real Microsoft URL to fool a quick glance. That small trick is often all it takes.
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Cybersecurity researchers warn a fake Microsoft update site uses a look-alike URL and a familiar download button to deliver data-stealing malware. (Michael Nagle/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
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Why this fake Windows update malware slips past detection
At first glance, nothing seems off. The file looks like a standard Windows installer. It even lists “Microsoft” in its properties. That’s where this attack gets clever. Instead of using obvious malicious code, the attackers built the installer with legitimate tools and layered the attack in stages. Each piece looks harmless on its own.
Here’s what’s happening behind the scenes:
- The installer launches what appears to be a normal app
- That app quietly runs hidden scripts
- A disguised process loads a full Python environment
- Data theft tools activate in the background
Because each step looks routine, many security tools fail to flag it right away. Researchers also noted that antivirus engines initially showed zero detections for key parts of the attack. That does not mean the file is safe. It means the malicious behavior is well hidden.
What this fake Windows update malware is stealing
Once installed, the malware gets to work fast. It collects details about the infected device, including location and IP address. Then it reaches out to remote servers to receive instructions and upload stolen data.
The targets include:
- Saved browser passwords
- Login sessions and cookies
- Payment details
- Discord account tokens
It even tries to shut down other processes on your system to avoid interference while it works. In some cases, it modifies apps like Discord to intercept account activity in real time.
How the fake Windows update malware stays on your system
This malware is designed to stick around. It creates entries that look like normal system processes, so they blend in. One registry entry mimics Windows Security Health, which most users would ignore. It also drops a shortcut in your startup folder with a familiar name like Spotify. That makes it easy to overlook. Two different persistence tricks mean it can survive a reboot and keep running.
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A fake Windows update page is tricking users into downloading malware that steals passwords, payment details and account access. (Beata Zawrzel/NurPhoto)
Why this fake Windows update scam feels so real
There’s a bigger trend behind this. Researchers say campaigns like this often target regions where large data breaches have already exposed personal information. When attackers already know your name, provider or habits, they can build scams that feel tailored to you. That makes a fake Windows update page far more believable than a generic phishing email.
It also highlights something important. Today’s malware often hides inside legitimate tools and trusted frameworks. That makes it harder to detect and easier to trust. This campaign shows how far scammers have come. They are no longer relying on sloppy emails or obvious fake links. Instead, they are building layered attacks that look and behave like trusted software.
Even experienced users can get caught off guard when everything appears normal. The biggest takeaway is simple. A clean scan result or a familiar interface does not guarantee safety.
Microsoft says it’s aware of the threat
Microsoft confirmed it is tracking this type of activity and urges users to be cautious when downloading updates from unfamiliar sources.
“We are aware of reports of fraudulent websites impersonating Microsoft, and we actively work to detect and disrupt malicious activity across the internet,” A Microsoft spokesperson told CyberGuy. “We encourage customers to be cautious of unexpected prompts or downloads and to verify that they are interacting with legitimate Microsoft domains. As a best practice, we recommend users verify the legitimacy of a link by going directly to our website from your own saved favorite, from a web search, or by typing the domain name yourself.”
For more guidance on how to protect against online phishing scams, you can refer to Microsoft’s official support page at support.microsoft.com.
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A convincing Windows update scam is spreading malware that can grab saved passwords, cookies, payment data and Discord tokens. (Todor Tsvetkov/Getty Images)
Ways to stay safe from fake Windows update malware
You don’t need to be a security expert to avoid this. A few habits make a big difference.
1) Only update Windows from your settings
Go to Settings > Windows Update and check for updates there. Avoid downloading updates from websites.
2) Double-check the URL
Real Microsoft pages use microsoft.com. Anything else, even if it looks close, should raise a red flag.
3) Be cautious with urgent update prompts
If a site or message pressures you to install an update, stop and verify it manually.
4) Use strong antivirus software with behavior detection
Traditional antivirus software, which often comes built into your device or as basic security software, mainly looks for known threats using signature matching, which means it can miss new or well-hidden attacks like this one. Strong antivirus software uses behavior detection to monitor what programs are doing in real time, helping flag suspicious activity even if the malware hasn’t been seen before. Get my picks for the best 2026 antivirus protection winners for your Windows, Mac, Android & iOS devices at Cyberguy.com.
5) Use a data removal service to limit your exposure
If your personal information is already circulating online from past breaches, it can make scams like this more convincing. A data removal service helps reduce how much of your information is publicly available, making it harder for attackers to target you with tailored phishing attempts. Check out my top picks for data removal services and get a free scan to find out if your personal information is already out on the web by visiting Cyberguy.com
6) Turn on two-factor authentication
Two-factor authentication (2FA) adds a second layer of protection if your passwords are stolen.
7) Avoid downloading installer files from unknown sites
Legitimate updates rarely require manual downloads.
Kurt’s key takeaways
Fake updates are one of the most effective tricks because they tap into something we all trust. Keeping your system secure should not put you at risk, yet that’s exactly what attackers are exploiting here. The safest move is to slow down, verify where updates come from and stick to built-in tools whenever possible.
Are tech companies doing enough to keep fake updates from putting your data at risk? Let us know your thoughts in the comments below. Let us know by writing to us at Cyberguy.com.
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Copyright 2026 CyberGuy.com. All rights reserved.
Technology
The Vergecast Vergecast, 2026 edition
We get a lot of questions about how The Verge works. And how The Vergecast works. And how we make money. And whether some of that money helps Nilay buy more jackets, several yachts, or something else entirely. So, every once in a while, we spend an episode of the podcast answering as many questions as we can.
On this episode of The Vergecast, Nilay and David are joined by The Verge’s publisher, Helen Havlak, to talk about ads, subscriptions, our website, our audience, and more. Then, Nilay and David answer some more questions about how we think about journalism, our relationship with Verge alumni, video podcasts, and (of course) Brendan Carr.
Thanks to everyone who sent us questions for this episode, and please keep them coming! You can always call the Vergecast Hotline (866-VERGE11) or send us an email (vergecast@theverge.com) with your questions, thoughts, feelings, and misgivings about everything we’re up to. We truly love hearing from you. And if you want to be part of everything we’re up to, and help make The Verge even bigger and better, the best thing you can do is subscribe! You even get all our podcasts ad-free.
Oh, and also, in case you missed it yesterday, be sure and check out our emergency pod on the news that Tim Cook is stepping down as Apple CEO. We’ll be talking more about the future of Apple on Friday’s show, too, so send questions if you have ’em!
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