Technology
Siberia's 'Gateway to Hell' crater fuels new fears
In the remote reaches of Siberia, a colossal scar on the Earth’s surface is expanding at a breathtaking pace, swallowing up the frozen landscape and potentially unleashing ancient threats. The Batagaika crater, aptly nicknamed the “Gateway to Hell,” is not just a geological curiosity, it’s a stark reminder of the rapid changes our planet is undergoing.
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A monstrous sinkhole in the permafrost
Imagine a gash in the Earth so large you could fit several football stadiums inside it. That’s the Batagaika crater for you. This massive thermokarst depression – a fancy term for a giant permafrost-thaw sinkhole – is growing at an astonishing rate of 35 million cubic feet each year. To put that into perspective, it’s like carving out a small town’s worth of earth annually. Currently stretching about 0.6 miles long and 0.5 miles wide at its widest point, this behemoth shows no signs of slowing down. In fact, it’s speeding up, driven by a vicious cycle of warming temperatures and melting ice. This study was published in the journal Geomorphology.
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The permafrost paradox
Despite its name, permafrost isn’t actually permanent. It’s ground that’s remained at or below freezing for at least two years. When this frozen soil thaws, it can’t support the weight above it, leading to collapse and the formation of these massive “slumps.” The Batagaika crater is a prime example of this process in overdrive. As the permafrost melts, it exposes more soil to sunlight, which then melts more permafrost. It’s a feedback loop that’s difficult to break, especially in our warming world.
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Unlocking ancient secrets – and dangers
While the sheer size of the Batagaika crater is impressive, what’s truly mind-boggling is its depth, both physical and temporal. The steep walls of this mega-slump reveal permafrost layers estimated to be 650,000 years old. That’s older than our species. But with ancient ice comes ancient dangers. Scientists have already revived a 48,500-year-old “zombie virus” from Arctic permafrost, and there’s concern about what other long-dormant pathogens might be awakening. It’s not just a plot from some sci-fi movie anymore. It’s a real consideration for modern science and medicine.
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A carbon time bomb
The Batagaika crater isn’t just releasing potential pathogens. It’s also unleashing a significant amount of carbon into the atmosphere. According to recent studies, this single mega-slump is responsible for releasing 4,000 to 5,000 tons of organic carbon every year. That’s equivalent to the annual emissions of about 1,000 cars. This release of carbon, previously locked away in the frozen ground, further contributes to global warming, potentially accelerating the very process that created the crater in the first place.
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Kurt’s key takeaways
The Batagaika crater, while extreme, is not unique. It represents a process happening across the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. As our planet continues to warm, more of these massive permafrost thaw features are likely to appear. While some might see the crater as a tourist attraction – and indeed it has become one – it’s crucial to recognize it as a warning sign. The “Gateway to Hell” is more than just a catchy nickname; it’s a portal into a possible future where rapid environmental changes reshape our world in ways we’re only beginning to understand. The question remains: Will we heed the warning signs and take action, or will we continue to watch as more gateways open across our warming world?
What are your thoughts on the potential impacts of ancient pathogens being released from melting permafrost, and how do you think we should address the challenges posed by climate change? Let us know by writing us at Cyberguy.com/Contact.
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Technology
Here are the best Black Friday deals you can grab for under $30
Combing through the deluge of Black Friday deals can be a daunting task, but the most affordable end of the spectrum is always a good place to start. In fact, we’re already seeing plenty of discounts available on budget-friendly gadgets and goodies ahead of the holiday, much of which can be had for under $30. You’re not just getting junk, either.
If you know where to look, it’s not hard to find something useful for your arsenal. Right now, for example, you can get a great smart speaker in the fifth-gen Echo Dot, pick up a classic platformer like Super Mario Odyssey, or even level up your home security with cameras like the Blink Video Doorbell or Ring Indoor Cam. Many of the deals make for great stocking stuffers, too, or serve as an easy way for you to engage in some retail therapy without the heavy monetary commitment.
Technology
The best Black Friday deals on AirPods, AirTags, and other Apple tech
Since the beginning of November, Amazon and other retailers have been releasing a steady drip of early Black Friday deals. However, now that the main event is basically here, it feels like there are more deals than ever — and they’re getting better by the day.
Surprisingly, some of the best deals currently available are on Apple devices. Right now, for instance, the latest AirPods Pro and second-gen Apple Watch SE have already dropped to their lowest prices to date. There are also steep discounts to be had on iPads, MacBooks, Apple Pencils, MagSafe-compatible chargers, and other accessories.
To make sorting through the various discounts easier, we’ve organized the deals below based on category. It’s always possible that some of these items will drop further in price on Black Friday, which is why we suggest that you bookmark this post and check back tomorrow.
Update, November 28th: Updated to reflect current pricing and several new deals, including those for Apple’s latest iPad Mini and various iPhone models.
Technology
US agriculture industry tests artificial intelligence: 'A lot of potential'
In the 1930s, there were around 6.8 million farms in the United States. The size averaged at around 155 acres. Over the next several decades, the number of farms rapidly declined to around 1.9 million in 2023. Those farms grew larger, averaging around 464 acres.
As farming has changed over time, experts believe artificial intelligence (AI) can help farmers and producers make food faster and more efficiently.
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“I think there’s a lot of potential for both increasing productivity on the crop side, but also for reducing the amount of resources that we use on the productivity side. There’s the data that we can actually collect to increase yields and improve the nutritional quality. But then there’s also the facilitate facilitating of reductions in labor availability,” said Mason Earles, an assistant professor at UC Davis in the departments of Viticulture & Enology and Biological & Agricultural Engineering and researcher at the AI Institute for Next Generation Food Systems or AIFS.
The most recent data shows 41% of farmers reported labor shortages in 2018. That’s a 27% increase from those reporting shortages in 2014. The trend is expected to continue. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects a 2% decline in workers through 2033 despite the number of job openings remaining the same.
“We do more with less. It’s not that it has no set way and has totally changed the traditional work, it is empowering, and it is increasing the productivity of existing workers,” said Ilias Tagkopoulos, a computer science professor at UC Davis and the director of AIFS.
AIFS is funded through a grant from the USDA Institute of Food and Agriculture. It is part of USDA’s effort to conduct more research on utilizing Artificial Intelligence in agriculture.
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“One of the big things that I specifically focus on, and we work at the Institute for Food Systems is trying to say, how can I make an impact in agriculture and food systems across the board? Whether that has to do with production of different types of vegetables, fruits, nuts, other types of meats or other types of foods,” Earles said. “There’s a lot of potential, we think, all the way from going from the research and lab side through startups, through corporate innovation. And we’re here to kind of find a way to facilitate and integrate that along the way.”
A USDA study shows just 27% of farmers are using emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence. Investment is expected to grow across the industry from more than $2 billion this year to more than $5 in 2028.
“What our vision is, is how can we have a healthier society and a more sustainable planet? Our mission is to leverage AI to build that, to help towards that goal,” Tagkopoulos said. “AI is doing two things. One is making businesses more productive. And the second is to accelerate innovation. It accelerates innovation by actually focusing on what matters versus what’s out there.”
Researchers are looking into how AI hardware like sensors or robotics can better gather data in the field.
“One of the powers of AI is that it can process a massive amount of data in a very short amount of time and achieve really high performance in pattern recognition,” Earles said.
The technology can help farmers decide where to apply fertilizer and when the best opportunities for harvest might be.
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“There’s great examples out there of being able to process millions of images within the course of every hour to identify where there might be damage due to weeds, presence of weeds or disease or pest, and be able to use various types of either implements to precisely remove those weeds or pests so that the farmer see higher yields. And the consumer sees better fruit, veggies and other products that are coming out of those fields,” Earles said.
One USDA project at the University of Arkansas is looking at using virtual reality to process poultry. Researchers will study whether robots can be used in the field while workers control the devices virtually. While fewer workers are expected to be needed, the cost of the equipment is high.
“The question there is how can you make this technology even more cost-effective and the even more practical, which is always a challenge,” Tagkopoulos said.
Controlled environments or indoor farming also see high upfront costs. But some studies have shown that higher crop yields are possible because of fewer weather-related challenges and the ability to grow year-round.
“We see in the future more data being generated, more tools becoming available, easier, much less expensive in terms of AI tools to be able to give recommendations on when to irrigate, when to farm, where to sell. A lot of more collaboration among farmers because now they understand more that they need to share their data. And it’s not about competition. It’s about everybody winning out of it,” Tagkopoulos said.
Controlled environments have received a lot of funding in the past few years. The USDA recently broke ground on a project at Cornell University to research grapes. The National Grape Improvement Center will help scientists study climate adaptable grape varieties and management strategies for growers.
“The opportunity to grow fruits and veggies and other types of crops where they may not otherwise be able to grow has huge potential for delivering all sorts of foods, fresh foods and nutritious foods to urban and or other areas,” Earles said. “AI has the real potential to help us understand how to regulate those types of indoor climates so that it can optimize the output.”
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