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How Trump’s Policies on Tariffs, Health Care, Immigration and More Impact You

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How Trump’s Policies on Tariffs, Health Care, Immigration and More Impact You

From the moment he took office in January, President Trump has convulsed Washington as he seeks to remake the federal government and put his imprint on the country.

But what does it all mean for everyday Americans? We heard from hundreds of readers who had questions about how tariffs, immigration, prices, health care, regulatory change and other issues could affect their lives. Our beat reporters provided answers.

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Who benefited from the recent tax cuts? Are taxes changing for all Americans?

Most people will pay at least somewhat lower taxes because of the cuts Republicans passed in July. Much of the law is dedicated to extending the tax cuts first put in place in 2017, so for many people this year’s tax cuts won’t feel like much of a change. Republicans did add some new breaks that could help Americans who work overtime, earn tips, live in high-tax states or are 65 or over. Overall, though, higher-income Americans will still benefit the most.

How did we get here?

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During Mr. Trump’s first term, Republicans scheduled many of their tax cuts to expire at the end of 2025. That essentially forced Congress to pass another set of cuts this year.

What could happen next?

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Congress may have to act again soon. Several measures in the new law, including Mr. Trump’s campaign promises to cut taxes on tips and overtime, will expire at the end of 2028.

My grandson is looking for his first job. Is there a future in manufacturing in the United States?

Yes, there is, especially for young people with skills in automation and robotics, which are seen as crucial to making the sector globally competitive. As factories become more high-tech, new jobs are opening up in robot repair and mechatronics, a field that combines mechanical engineering with electronics and the software that tells machines what to do. Mechatronics technicians with a two-year associate degree earned a median salary of $70,760 last year. Those with more education and experience can earn well over $100,000.

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How did we get here?

The Trump administration has used tariffs to reduce America’s dependence on China’s manufacturing. But it is more expensive to build things in the United States, including factories, so it’s not clear whether this effort will succeed.

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Will more jobs open up?

There were 385,000 job openings in American factories as of September, and that number is expected to rise significantly as baby boomers retire. But robots, artificial intelligence and automation will also replace some humans.

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I have been a naturalized citizen for decades, but I’m wondering if I need to carry my papers and passport at all times now. If U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials stop me, what do I do? Can I be deported?

As a naturalized U.S. citizen, you have the same constitutional rights as a native-born citizen. You are not required to carry proof of citizenship. However, it can be wise to carry such documents as a precaution, in case you are detained. Naturalized citizens cannot be deported unless the government proves they obtained naturalization by fraud or willful misrepresentation. For example, people who entered sham marriages to obtain green cards and later naturalized could be stripped of citizenship and removed from the country. These cases have been rare.

How did we get here?

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During recent immigration enforcement actions, federal agents seeking to arrest and deport undocumented people have been mistakenly detaining Americans based on “reasonable suspicion.”

What’s happening now?

The Trump administration has been investigating naturalized citizens for fraud in their original applications or anti-American opinions that could be used to justify revoking their citizenship.

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Are people still coming across the border with Mexico?

The answer is very few. The shift has been so dramatic that the Border Patrol rarely apprehends migrants these days on the southwest border. The number of average encounters has dwindled to just 245 a day from a peak of about 9,000 in December 2023, according to recent government data. Shelters that used to receive up to 1,000 people a day during the height of the migrant crisis under former President Joseph R. Biden Jr. have not seen a single migrant in months.

How did we get here?

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The Trump administration has all but shut the border with a slew of executive orders meant to block migrants from entering the United States and seeking asylum. A crackdown on illegal immigrants across the country is also deterring many from crossing the border.

Could this be reversed?

Crossings at the border are likely to remain low as long as President Trump is in office.

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Prices are higher at the grocery store. Is that because of tariffs?

Food has become slightly more expensive in the past year. Tariffs have had only a modest effect on prices because much of what we consume is grown or manufactured in the United States. Food prices in November rose 1.9 percent from late 2024 levels, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A big chunk of that increase has come from beef prices, which have surged nearly 15 percent in the past year, and coffee, which are up almost 19 percent.

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How did we get here?

Beef prices are high because the cattle herd is the smallest it has been since the 1950s. Coffee prices rose after droughts in Brazil and Vietnam, and then coffee from Brazil was hit with a 50 percent tariff.

Will prices go down anytime soon?

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Beef prices will most likely remain high because it takes time to rebuild herds. The Trump administration recently lifted tariffs on some products, including coffee.

Are my tax dollars paying for things like reverting military bases back to their Confederate names?

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Yes, kind of. In 2023, under Mr. Biden, nine Army bases named after Confederate officers were renamed, at a cost of $39 million. Now, money is being spent to revert most of them by linking them to non-Confederate Army soldiers who have the same last names as the original honorees. (Out: the Confederacy’s Braxton Bragg; in: World War II veteran Roland L. Bragg.) The Pentagon did not respond to a New York Times reporter’s question about how much Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth has spent to change the names this year.

How did we get here?

Mr. Hegseth, who called the non-Confederate base names “woke,” spent the early portion of his time in office devoted to fighting culture war issues.

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Could this be reversed?

Yes. And it could keep changing back and forth with successive administrations of different parties, costing many millions of dollars each time, unless Congress put a stop to it.

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Will I be able to get vaccines at a pharmacy, doctor’s office or health clinic?

Currently, flu shots and routine childhood vaccinations — like the measles, mumps and rubella; Tdap; and polio shots — remain widely available. Many people faced obstacles getting Covid-19 vaccines during this year’s rollout, but those obstacles have decreased (though not disappeared) since a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention panel issued recommendations in September. The same panel is examining the childhood vaccine schedule and has already moved to alter it by no longer recommending the hepatitis B vaccine for all newborns.

How did we get here?

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Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the health secretary, fired all the members of a key C.D.C. vaccine panel and replaced them with several people who have expressed skepticism about vaccines, especially Covid shots.

What could happen next?

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The Food and Drug Administration may make it harder to bring flu shots and other vaccines to market. There may be uncertainty about access to Covid vaccines, and future access to routine childhood vaccines.

I’m looking to buy a new car and am considering an electric vehicle. Are they more expensive now than when President Trump took office?

Yes. Electric vehicles became more expensive on Oct. 1, after the expiration of a tax credit that made them almost as affordable as gasoline cars. But electric vehicles may still save you money in the long run because of lower fuel and maintenance costs. And some carmakers cut prices after the credits expired. A growing number of E.V.s sell for less than $40,000, like the Tesla Model 3, Chevrolet Equinox E.V., Nissan Leaf and Hyundai Ioniq 5.

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How did we get here?

Republicans in Congress killed the tax credit this year with support from President Trump as part of a broad rollback of policies intended to promote electric vehicles for environmental reasons.

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Could this be reversed?

The tax credit is not likely to come back while Republicans are in power. But electric vehicles will become less expensive as the technology improves, and some used E.V.s are already cheaper than gasoline models.

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My husband and I are planning to start trying to have a child. Has my access to fertility treatments changed?

The Trump administration announced a discount on some in vitro fertilization drugs and moved to encourage employers to more broadly cover I.V.F. and infertility treatments. But it is not clear yet whether more employers will elect to actually cover the treatments.

How did we get here?

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Mr. Trump, who has branded himself the “fertilization president,” pledged while campaigning that he would make fertility treatments free. The moves he has made so far are much more limited.

What could happen next?

It’s not clear whether Mr. Trump’s initiative will make fertility treatments significantly more accessible and affordable.

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I have health insurance through my employer. Will insurance still cover vaccinations?

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Probably. Insurers have broadly indicated that they will ignore the C.D.C.’s weakening of vaccine recommendations, and will cover shots even if they aren’t required to. AHIP, a national trade organization for many health insurers, says that through at least the end of 2026, its members will cover all vaccines that the C.D.C.’s vaccine advisory panel recommended as of Sept. 1 — before the panel made any changes under Mr. Trump.

How did we get here?

Mr. Kennedy chose members of a C.D.C. vaccine advisory panel, which weakened recommendations for Covid and hepatitis B vaccines. But so far, insurers are largely sticking with the consensus of other medical organizations, which strongly support vaccines.

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Could insurance companies change their minds?

Insurers are only required to cover vaccines that the C.D.C. panel recommends, so they could legally end coverage for any shots the panel stops recommending.

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I am worried about posting online comments critical of the Trump administration or attending peaceful protests, afraid that I might face legal consequences. Are those fears realistic?

The Constitution guarantees your freedom of speech and assembly, which includes peaceful protest. But in practice, asserting those freedoms often depends on access to the courts, so your concerns are understandable. Many dissident groups were surveilled during the Vietnam era, often in violation of their rights. Today, protesters face the vagueness of what the administration considers permissible and its pattern of mischaracterizing its opponents’ tactics. The Constitution has your back, but it’s also worth considering your immigration status, access to legal support and the comfort levels of your family and employer when deciding what to do.

How did we get here?

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Since Mr. Trump returned to office, White House officials have often attempted to link nonviolent civil disobedience with what the administration calls “domestic terrorism.” After the murder of Charlie Kirk, the political activist, the administration appeared to target a wide array of dissident groups.

What could happen next?

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Some protesters, journalists and clergy members have filed lawsuits on First Amendment grounds, and those will work their way through the judicial system.

Will current government policies make our air and water less healthy?

Yes, current government policies could make our air and water less healthy. The Trump administration is pushing to weaken pollution standards; slow environmental enforcement; and boost the production of coal, oil and gas while reducing wind and solar energy. That will release more harmful pollution into the air we breathe. Water quality is also likely to decline as the administration dismantles protections for wetlands and reverses efforts to regulate “forever chemicals,” coal-ash ponds and agricultural runoff.

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How did we get here?

President Trump has moved to reverse or weaken major environmental regulations, like those that oversee power plant emissions, drinking water, oil and gas drilling and endangered species.

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Are these reversals permanent?

Without strong federal environmental regulations, pollution is likely to increase, though state action may offset some damage. Lasting outcomes will depend on elections and court decisions.

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Someone I know is in the United States on a green card. Should they be worried? What about my friends on student visas — could they be kicked out?

Green card holders have more protection than individuals with temporary status or no status, but that doesn’t mean they aren’t vulnerable. People with green cards can still be deported for things like committing crimes or lying to the government. And the administration is doubling down on vetting applicants and looking for potential fraud. People with green cards who apply for citizenship, for example, could face extra scrutiny as a result of this effort.

How did we get here?

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The Trump administration has focused on vetting immigrants in the United States at the same time it has expanded its deportation efforts.

What could happen next?

The Trump administration has announced a review of green cards granted to immigrants from countries banned from travel to the United States. The findings could lead to their green cards being stripped.

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My child is starting first grade next year. I’m curious to know what has changed in the way teachers are teaching American history in K-12 schools.

The answer very much depends on where you live. In recent years, more than 20 states, most of them Republican-leaning, passed laws restricting what can be said in the classroom about race, gender, sexuality and American history. In Florida, under Gov. Ron DeSantis, civics classes now emphasize the Christian beliefs of the founding fathers. In Texas, teachers are supposed to avoid history lessons that might prompt students to feel “guilt” or “anguish” on account of their race or sex.

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How did we get here?

Mr. Trump’s executive orders have added to the pressure to change certain curriculums. One example: Civics groups have reported that teachers are avoiding lessons on the separation of powers.

How far could this go?

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The pressure could increase if the Supreme Court were to rule that Mr. Trump could withdraw federal funding from schools. That question has been making its way through the courts.

Are American farmers struggling? If they can’t make ends meet, will food get even more expensive?

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Some are doing fine, but most farmers who grow soybeans, corn, sorghum, wheat and cotton are struggling after a few years of losing money on their crops. Farm bankruptcies are rising, as is the number of farmers getting out of the business. The White House has announced a $12 billion rescue package, but that only helps to stem some losses. Despite growing fears of rising prices, Americans spend less of their income on food than people in other countries, and that isn’t likely to change soon.

How did we get here?

Long term: More expensive essentials (equipment, seeds and fertilizer), inflation, rising interest rates, depressed crop prices. Short term: Tariffs, trade wars, higher labor costs from the immigration crackdown.

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What could happen next?

Little may change, beyond continuing consolidation into larger and more corporate-owned farms.

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I’m on Medicare. Will there be cuts to my benefits?

Probably not. Every administration makes little tweaks to Medicare policy, and this one has. But the Trump administration and Congress have not made major cuts to Medicare. Other programs like Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act marketplaces have had big changes. The only group of Medicare beneficiaries that will face substantial changes is immigrants. The tax and domestic policy bill that passed during the summer now excludes groups like refugees, people granted asylum and those with temporary protected status.

How did we get here?

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Since his first campaign for president, Mr. Trump has vowed to avoid major cuts to Medicare. Neither he nor Republicans in Congress have expressed any recent appetite for Medicare benefit cuts.

Who will be affected by these changes?

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The legislative changes will mean around 100,000 people will lose access to Medicare, according to the Congressional Budget Office, and will most likely face difficulty finding any kind of health insurance.

I have health care insurance through my job, but I am worried about how cuts in Affordable Care Act subsidies and Medicaid will affect the rest of us. Will there be less access to health care?

A lot may change, depending on where you live. Many hospitals, especially in rural communities and certain urban areas, are likely to struggle. Millions of people are expected to lose their insurance. Some hospitals will shut down less profitable departments like maternity and behavioral health. They will lay off employees, including nurses. Others may close. Because hospitals will also try to raise their prices to compensate, people with employer coverage are likely to pay more for insurance.

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How did we get here?

President Trump and Congress authorized roughly $1 trillion in cuts to Medicaid. The enhanced A.C.A. subsidies, which brought down the cost of insurance for many people, expire at the end of the year.

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Could this be reversed?

The Medicaid cuts will not begin until 2027, so Congress could vote to reverse them before they take effect. Congress could also restore the more generous A.C.A. subsidies.

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My business has been negatively affected as money gets tighter for my customers. How are other small businesses being hit by rising costs?

It is true that many consumers, especially on the lower end of the income spectrum, are spending less, which is straining some small businesses. In addition, small businesses have been especially vulnerable to tariffs. This extra cost on imported goods has reduced the profit margins for small-business owners and forced a growing number to make difficult choices, including raising their prices, laying off workers and paring back other expenses.

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How did we get here?

President Trump has imposed punishing import taxes on a wide range of U.S. trading partners. The job market is losing momentum amid economic uncertainty.

What are the consequences?

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Some smaller companies, squeezed by higher costs and shaky consumer spending, are confronting a make-or-break moment. Some may go out of business.

I have a child in public school who participates in special education programs. How will changes in Washington affect her?

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So far, there have been no significant changes to special education policy in Washington. Education Secretary Linda McMahon has publicly suggested moving special education services to the Department of Health and Human Services, a proposal that disability advocates strongly oppose. Ms. McMahon fired many of her department’s civil rights lawyers in March, making it more challenging to resolve discrimination complaints.

How did we get here?

Concerns about the future of special education have been fueled by President Trump’s desire to close the Education Department, which only Congress can do. Congress has shown little interest in such a move.

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What’s happening now?

Ms. McMahon is now working to move other departmental functions to other agencies. She has said she will seek similar changes across the rest of the department, including special education services.

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I am going to college next year, but will need to take out loans to afford it. What can I expect from the changes in federal student loans?

While the amount an undergraduate can borrow isn’t changing, parents are going to have new limitations on what they can borrow from the federal government. Parents can currently borrow up to the total cost of attendance under the federal PLUS loan program. Some people borrow hundreds of thousands of dollars. New federal legislation, which goes into effect on July 1, will limit that borrowing to $20,000 per year and $65,000 total per dependent student.

How did we get here?

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Legislators believed that letting parents borrow so much encouraged schools to charge more than they should and parents to borrow more than was prudent.

what else could change?

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Schools that relied heavily on parent borrowing may have to charge less or find more affluent students, while banks may try to lend more to parents.

Are ICE agents apprehending students at schools? Are schools doing anything to prevent it?

No, we aren’t aware of this happening. Still, fear of arrest and deportation is so intense that schools are reporting widespread declines in attendance among immigrants with uncertain legal status. Educators have tried to reassure parents. Schools do not track immigration status, and the Supreme Court has ruled that undocumented children have the right to a public education. Some schools have trained their staff members to deny access to federal agents unless the agents produce a warrant.

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How did we get here?

The Trump administration’s deportation campaign has amplified fears. There have been several cases of parents and children being separated in the deportation process, and of children ending up in foster care.

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How will schools be affected?

Immigrant students have been lifting public school enrollment numbers in some districts, like Chicago and New York. As immigration rates plummet, there could be big consequences for school funding.

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Is there still fluoride in my water? Do I need to make sure my toothpaste has fluoride in it?

More than half of the U.S. population has fluoride in their drinking water. (This federal database shows areas with fluoridated water, but the best source of whether your water is fluoridated is your local water provider.) The majority of places that previously fluoridated their water continue to do so, but Utah and Florida have banned the addition of fluoride to public drinking water. Dentists recommend getting fluoride both from drinking water and from toothpastes to help prevent cavities.

How did we get here?

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Mr. Kennedy, the health secretary, has repeatedly attacked fluoride and called on states to ban fluoride in drinking water. The F.D.A. has taken action to restrict the use of fluoride supplements.

What could happen next?

Additional states could move to restrict fluoride in drinking water. It isn’t clear yet whether health officials could limit fluoride in drinking water at the federal level.

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Is the country’s food supply less safe?

Probably. It’s challenging to know how risky our food supply is until food-borne illnesses and outbreaks are tallied up over years, but substantial cuts to food safety programs and personnel mean that your chances of being sickened by the food you eat have likely increased in 2025. Federal agencies have also delayed or withdrawn Biden-era rules that would have tightened food safety standards and removed contaminated products from store shelves more quickly.

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How did we get here?

Mr. Kennedy has fired F.D.A. staffers who communicate outbreaks and coordinate foreign food inspections, which have dropped precipitously. A federal program that previously tracked eight food-borne illnesses is now tracking just two.

Could this be reversed?

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Food safety programs could be restored, and more inspectors and support staff members could be hired. But this would require funding — and time to hire and train inspectors.

I’d like to know more about all the different ways President Trump’s orders will affect the transgender community. Will my trans daughter still be able to get health care and to travel freely?

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The Trump administration has implemented policies that limit the participation of transgender people in many areas of public life. If your trans daughter wanted to serve in the military, she couldn’t. If she has a passport with an “F” gender marker, for “female,” she will receive one with an “M” for “male” when it is time to renew, and selecting “X” for an unspecified gender is no longer an option. Under pressure from the administration, several high-profile clinics that treat transgender youths with puberty blockers and hormones have closed, and access to such care may become harder to obtain in coming months because of a new threat to pull federal funding from any hospital that offers it.

How did we get here?

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President Trump has ordered federal agencies and institutions receiving federal funds to classify people based on their sex at birth, regardless of whether it conflicts with their gender identity.

What could happen next?

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The Trump administration is expected to exert more pressure on pediatric gender clinics to close, and legal challenges to many of the policies will play out in federal courts.

Is the Trump administration going to remove Tylenol from shelves? What is the administration doing to address autism concerns?

The administration hasn’t tried to remove Tylenol (or its generic version, acetaminophen) from shelves. However, it has warned against the use of Tylenol during pregnancy despite medical consensus that it is the safest available option to treat fever and pain in pregnant women. The F.D.A. has begun the process of changing the drug’s label to assert that it may be linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. This change would discourage, but wouldn’t prohibit, people from using it during pregnancy.

How did we get here?

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Mr. Trump and Mr. Kennedy have claimed that Tylenol is a contributing factor to autism, though the research is inconclusive. The administration has also falsely linked vaccines to autism.

Could a warning on Tylenol be reversed?

A future administration could remove the warning from Tylenol’s label. But, as with vaccines, any decline in Americans’ belief in the drug’s safety could be hard to reverse.

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Is the number of approved work visas going down? How hard is it to get one?

So far, there haven’t been major changes in the number of employment-based visas that have been approved by the Trump administration, according to immigration policy experts. But the administration has pushed for significant changes to some programs, like the $100,000 fee for new H-1B visas, which are used by skilled foreign workers. Some employers have said they would be less likely to hire workers through the program as a result.

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How did we get here?

President Trump has said that some visa programs allow employers to sideline American workers and suppress wages. But he has also conceded that certain industries rely on immigrant labor.

How could this affect the economy?

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The changes to visa programs are relatively new and we haven’t seen most of the effects yet. There is also a lag in available data on how many visas have been issued.

I live in New Orleans and hear the National Guard may be deployed here. What are they doing in other cities? What should I expect?

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The issue of whether the president can deploy the Guard on U.S. soil, and what the troops can do on those missions, is complicated and has varied from city to city. But in New Orleans, Mr. Trump would have the advantage of a friendly Republican governor who has welcomed a deployment to his state. That means any troops there would most likely be able to carry out functions more typically associated with law enforcement officials.

How did we get here?

Mr. Trump deployed the Guard to several cities to help enforce an agenda on crime and immigration. Local leaders sued, asking the courts to decide the limits of presidential authority.

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What could happen next?

The future of these National Guard deployments will depend heavily on how the courts rule. An impending Supreme Court decision will be particularly consequential.

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I’m starting a business and will need to import supplies to make my product. Have tariffs caused prices of imports to go up?

Yes, the tariffs you will face will vary depending on what you’re importing and from where, but many American manufacturers have found that the costs of materials, parts and other products they need have risen. That’s because of new double-digit taxes on imports from countries globally, as well as a 50 percent tariff on steel and aluminum and products made with those metals. For now, there’s one major exception: qualifying products from Canada and Mexico.

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How did we get here?

President Trump said he imposed tariffs to help the manufacturing industry. But while some U.S. factories have been helped by the policy, others have been hurt by rising costs.

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Could this be reversed?

The Supreme Court could strike down many of the tariffs. But the president still strongly defends tariffs and could use other laws to issue new ones instead.

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The prices at my local gas station seem as if they’re always the same. Have gas prices changed elsewhere in the country?

The cost of filling up a car generally has fallen in the past year, but not by a lot. There is regional variation, though. In Ohio, for example, a gallon of regular gasoline cost about 10 percent less in mid-December than it did the year before, according to the AAA motor club. In California, where oil refineries are closing, gasoline was slightly more expensive.

How did we get here?

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Oil prices have fallen a lot this year. That has benefited refineries, which have been enjoying higher profit margins, but it has not translated to considerably lower prices at the pump.

Will prices remain stable?

Gasoline prices are expected to remain around $3 a gallon next year, welcome news for consumers, who are facing much higher natural gas and electricity prices.

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I live in a flood-prone area. How are changes to the Federal Emergency Management Agency going to affect disaster response and relief efforts?

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FEMA continues to respond to the country’s biggest natural disasters, but heightened scrutiny on FEMA spending has slowed the flow of aid to communities and cut off investment in disaster preparedness. Under an overhaul the Trump administration is considering, the agency could assist with fewer emergencies and leave more recovery costs to state and local governments.

How did we get here?

The rising frequency and cost of disasters had already overtaxed FEMA. Then President Trump oversaw firings and buyouts that reduced its staff by 25 percent. As of December, the agency was on its third acting director since May, and none of its temporary leaders have had a background in emergency management, as is required by law.

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What could happen next?

It is unlikely that FEMA will be eliminated, as the president suggested earlier this year. But a plan for overhaul is in limbo after a Trump task force indefinitely postponed the release of its FEMA recommendations.

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Why is my electric bill higher now than it was a year ago?

It depends where you live. Electricity prices have been rising faster than inflation in roughly half of all states in the last few years. In California and Maine, wildfires and storms have imposed steep costs on utilities. The Northeast has struggled with high natural gas prices. In the Mid-Atlantic, soaring demand from data centers, combined with a wave of power plant retirements, is raising prices. Many utilities are also spending more to upgrade their aging grids.

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How did we get here?

State policies typically have the biggest influence on electricity costs, though Mr. Trump has promised to bring down prices by easing federal permitting for fossil fuels.

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Will prices continue to climb?

Forecasters expect electricity prices to keep rising in 2026. Some experts also warn that Mr. Trump’s attacks on wind and solar power could push up prices further.

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I’m a woman, and I have thought about enlisting. How have career prospects changed for women in the military?

Women fought a long battle to get into the combat arms units of the country’s military services, and it wasn’t until recent years that women made it into elite fighting units like the Army Rangers and special operations troops. Today, the American military is filled with female fighter pilots, Marines and women in other male-dominated units. Those are the units from which the military selects its most senior leaders. But now we may see female leadership in the military plateau, or fall.

How did we get here?

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President Trump selected Mr. Hegseth, an open skeptic about the value of women in combat, as defense secretary. Since his swearing-in, Mr. Hegseth has fired several female flag officers and pushed out others.

What could happen next?

As long as Mr. Hegseth is the secretary of defense, women are less likely to get the types of combat arms positions that lead to promotions.

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I thought all law enforcement officials had to identify themselves. Can I ask federal agents to show their faces and identification if they try to pull me over?

You can ask! But there is no federal law requiring agents to show their faces, and in most cases they do not have to identify themselves. During protests in 2020, federal agents at times responded in unmarked riot gear, prompting Congress to pass a law requiring federal law enforcement officers to wear identification when responding to “civil disturbances.” In general, though, ICE agents must identify themselves only when making an arrest. The resulting distrust and confusion has led other federal agencies, like the U.S. Marshals Service, to tell the public that their agents will identify themselves and show their badge.

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How did we get here?

Under President Trump, ICE agents have been allowed to wear masks, a measure the administration says is necessary to protect them and their families from threats.

How are states responding?

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This year, California became the first state to bar law enforcement agents from obscuring their faces, setting up a test of the Constitution’s supremacy clause, which forbids states from interfering with federal business. The Trump administration has filed a lawsuit to block the law.

I don’t know if my nanny or the contractors working on my house have papers. Do I face any legal liability for hiring them if they are undocumented?

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U.S. immigration law prohibits knowingly employing someone who is not authorized to work, so you are not liable if you don’t know. If you hire a contractor to work on your home, the contractor, not you, is the employer. If members of his or her crew, such as roofers, masons or painters, lack work authorization, the responsibility falls on the contractor. However, if you regularly employ a nanny who you know is undocumented, you are violating federal law. Whether this will result in legal action or penalties under the Trump administration remains unclear.

How did we get here?

The Trump administration’s crackdown on immigration, central to the president’s agenda, has created concern among homeowners about the consequences of hiring undocumented workers.

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Are workers being detained?

Some homeowners who have directly hired undocumented people to do small jobs, like mow lawns or hang holiday lights, have witnessed federal agents try to detain workers. This is likely to continue.

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I have heard of people being denied health insurance because they have pre-existing conditions. I am recovering from cancer and am afraid of losing insurance. Has this part of the Affordable Care Act changed?

This part of the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, remains intact, and insurance prices will not be different for you than for a similar person who did not have cancer. The administration has made some significant changes to the A.C.A. marketplaces that will make the process of signing up more complex and will exclude some legal immigrants from eligibility. Tax credits that are set to expire at the end of the year will also contribute to higher insurance prices next year. But none of those changes will exclude you from eligibility or force you to pay a higher price than a healthy person.

How did we get here?

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Protections for people with pre-existing health conditions are a very popular part of the A.C.A., and Republican efforts to weaken them in 2017 were politically damaging. But rising insurance prices may still put insurance out of reach for some people.

What could happen next?

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Congressional leaders have said they hope to consider several health care bills over the next year. It is possible that process could include bills with greater impacts for people like you.

Education

She Tried to Help Schools Build Healthier Playgrounds. Then Her E.P.A. Grant Was Canceled.

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She Tried to Help Schools Build Healthier Playgrounds. Then Her E.P.A. Grant Was Canceled.

Lost Science is an ongoing series of accounts from scientists who have lost their jobs or funding after cuts by the Trump administration. The conversations have been edited for clarity and length. Here’s why we’re doing this.


Kirsten Beyer: We had a three-year study, funded by the Environmental Protection Agency, focused on environmental health among children. We had two main aims. The first was to develop a curriculum so that Milwaukee Public Schools teachers could teach about environmental health, environmental health disparities and climate change.

The second aim was to look at the impact of schoolyard greening on health and environmental outcomes. There’s this greening initiative in Milwaukee to redevelop schoolyards. Many of them were sheets of asphalt. A lot of them were in disrepair. The redevelopment plans included things like planting trees, adding outdoor classrooms, improving storm water drainage with green infrastructure and improving sports fields and natural play spaces.

We built a study to collect data before and after. There are lots of schools around the country that have similar situations, so we were excited about sharing our results and informing other jurisdictions about the impact of this redevelopment.

We had the kids complete surveys. We measured things like social and emotional health, environmental health literacy, attitudes toward outdoor play. We also had sensors that measured their physical activity levels, time spent outdoors and where they spent time in the schoolyard. We went out and observed recess. How are kids playing? How is conflict being resolved? How engaged are the teachers or monitors? We measured air pollution and how hot those schoolyards were before greening.

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We were in the field in May 2025, collecting our final post-redevelopment data, when the grant was canceled. It was a shock. We had hired people as data collectors and had a month of data collection left.

I decided to rustle up some other resources just to get data collection done. But then we had no more money to support our community partners, staff or graduate students. We had to take people off this project.

Now we’re trying to do something with all of this data that we’ve collected: process it, analyze it and, importantly, share it.

We have just piles of data. There are papers that won’t get written and data that won’t be shared because this happened.

But I can’t just abandon this work. This is important to my community partners. This is important to other schools. And this is important to all of the kids who gave us their time, all the parents who allowed us to do research with their kids. There’s a moral imperative to continue the work, albeit slowly.

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Kirsten Beyer is a health geographer at the Medical College of Wisconsin.

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Art Abounds on Campuses Outside of New York City

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Art Abounds on Campuses Outside of New York City

The Princeton University Art Museum recently made Time magazine’s top 100 list of The World’s Greatest Places of 2026. James Steward, director of the museum that reopened on Halloween in an acclaimed new building designed by Adjaye Associates, said of the ranking, “It normalizes the idea that we are a world-class destination.”

In its first five months alone, the museum has received 250,000 visitors — more than half from outside campus (Princeton’s old museum averaged 200,000 annually).

The surge of public interest in the Princeton museum’s new home, spotlighting a global collection of more than 117,000 objects, is a timely reminder that university and college art museums are filled with unexpected treasures — often showcased in architecturally significant buildings — and are free and accessible to all. Here are several standout exhibitions at academic museums in range of New York City that are worth a visit this month, when campuses are looking their spring best for reunions and graduations.

The glorious modernist home of the Yale Center for British Art — Louis I. Kahn’s last design, completed in 1977 after his death — reopened in March 2025 after a two-year architectural conservation. In the year since, the museum has welcomed 100,000 visitors and almost 300 class visits to study its collection of more than 100,000 works from the 15th century to today that present an expansive understanding of British art and its imperial history.

“British art isn’t an island story, it’s a global story,” said Martina Droth, the center’s director. A contemporary installation by Rina Banerjee, a recent acquisition on view for the first time through Sept. 13 in the museum’s entrance court, and the exhibition “Painters, Ports, and Profits: Artists and the East India Company, 1750-1850,” up through June 21, both speak to a deep connection to India.

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“If British art is shaped by movement and exchange, then in ‘Painters, Ports, and Profits’ you see British artists who traveled to India because of the East India Company and found themselves working alongside Indian artists,” Droth said. “New things happen in terms of the aesthetics of the work, and you can really see that in the exhibition.”

The 115 works are mostly drawn from the collection and almost half are by Indian artists and workshops, including “Lucknow from the Gomti,” a 37-foot panoramic scroll of life along the river in that city in Northern India and a star of the show.

Banerjee, who was born in Kolkata and lived in London before moving to New York, has remade the form of the Taj Mahal in hot-pink semi-translucent plastic. Visible from the street through the glass doors and dangling from the ceiling, her playful floating sculptural palace allows visitors to enter and discover all sorts of colonial relics and commercial baubles embedded within.

The Johnson Museum opened in 1973 in an I.M. Pei-designed building, which rises seven stories and frames spectacular views of the landscape with its expansive vertical and horizontal windows and fifth floor cantilevered over an open porch. The global collection numbers more than 40,000 objects, with particular strength in Asian art, and college classes made 335 visits in the last academic year.

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Students from Cornell’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences have spent considerable time with the exhibition “Naples: Course of Empire,” a series of seven panoramic canvases by Alexis Rockman on view through June 7, according to the museum’s curator of modern and contemporary art, Andrea Inselmann. Over the last four decades, Rockman has been a leading voice in the art world raising awareness about climate change through his paintings focused on all forms of life on Earth.

The works in this show were “inspired by Thomas Cole’s 19th-century cycle ‘The Course of Empire’ about the rise and fall of civilizations,” said Inselmann, who organized the exhibition. Taking Naples as a case study of a port city vulnerable to rising waters, Rockman used his signature style of deeply researched and lyrically rendered history painting to reimagine this landscape over geologic time starting from the Mesozoic Era. Paintings depict animals fleeing the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 A.D.; a rat flying over Naples spewing a noxious plume during the bubonic plague of the 1650s; and a whale breaching before the ruins of the city in a speculative post-human future.

“I thought this would be a very appropriate show for a college context,” Inselmann said. “Especially for younger generations, I think it provides a context and an environment to talk about climate change and to express their anxieties or their hopes for the future.”

On Skidmore’s campus in Saratoga Springs, famous for its horse racing and natural mineral springs, the Tang punches above its weight for a small liberal arts college museum with an ambitious exhibition program in a striking building designed by Antoine Predock. The museum generates about a dozen shows annually — often from its collection of nearly 20,000 objects, with strengths in contemporary art and photography — and drew more than 220 class visits from across disciplines this school year.

Anchoring the Tang’s 25th anniversary season this spring is “Kathy Butterly: Assume Yes,” a three-decade retrospective of the artist’s playful, inventive and sometimes jarring small-scale ceramic sculptures on view through July 26. “Kathy bridges the generation of Robert Arneson and Viola Frey, who were her teachers and innovators that moved ceramics from a purely craft environment to a museum and art conversation, and the world we’re in today where we see ceramics in lots of different ways all over gallery exhibitions,” said the Tang director Ian Berry, who organized the show. “Kathy is a real inspiration and key figure for this current moment.”

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Forty-five of her eccentric vessels — miniature three-dimensional canvases for experimental glazes and textures, often crumpling expressively on their bases — are grouped chronologically across three huge platforms serving as the “rooms” of the show. Within the constraints of small shifts in scale, from four to eight inches say, “an entire universe changes,” Berry said. The title of the show comes from one of Butterly’s works. “‘Assume’ adds a little twist to the exclamation point of ‘Yes’,” he said. “It’s optimistic, it’s upbeat, but also it has a complexity to it.”

Alongside Princeton’s encyclopedic collections, displayed throughout the museum’s stunning complex of nine interlocking modernist pavilions, is “Willem de Kooning: The Breakthrough Years, 1945-50” — the first temporary loan exhibition in the new building — on view through July 26.

The show is built around Princeton’s own 1948 painting “Black Friday” — exhibited that year in de Kooning’s debut show at the Charles Egan Gallery in New York after he had struggled there in poverty for 15 years.

“It emerged as one of the essential pictures in de Kooning’s career,” said Steward, Princeton’s museum director, who agreed to loan “Black Friday” to the Museum of Modern Art for its major de Kooning retrospective in 2011 organized by the chief curator emeritus of painting and sculpture, John Elderfield.

Now, in turn, Elderfield has co-curated this exhibition of 18 paintings, drawn from more than a dozen museums and private collections and focused on the pivotal period when de Kooning found his artistic voice and helped to pioneer Abstract Expressionism.

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“It is just such an incisive project that is physically modest in scope, but not modest at all intellectually or artistically,” Steward said. “That’s a sweet spot I really want us to occupy as a great academic museum.”

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Today, In Short

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Today, In Short

One of my favorite podcasts is “So True With Caleb Hearon,” hosted by Hearon, a comedian. He recently appeared in “The Devil Wears Prada 2” as Miranda Priestly’s assistant. Having grown up, as Hearon put it, “fat, gay and poor” in rural Missouri, he never dreamed of booking the role “a million girls would kill for.”

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  • Middle East: Iran said yesterday that it was reviewing an American proposal to end the war. Washington is still awaiting Tehran’s response.

  • California: Last night was the final televised debate before the primary for the state’s governor. The face-off between seven candidates was tame at first, but they eventually furiously attacked one another. See what went down.

  • Hantavirus: Should you worry? Public health officials say the threat to the general public remains low based on what we know. Read more about the hantavirus.

  • Jeffrey Epstein: A federal judge released a suicide note believed to be written by the convicted sex offender that had been sealed for years.

  • Ted Turner: Turner, the media mogul, yachtsman and creator of CNN, died yesterday at his home in Florida. He was 87.


A few things you didn’t really need to know but now do:

  • It’s been nearly 20 years since Guy Goma’s BBC appearance became an early viral internet moment. Goma thought he was interviewing for a job when he suddenly he found himself on air. He pulled it off much better than I could have.

  • How are people getting their information about health and wellness? For at least half of U.S. adults under 50, it’s through influencers or podcasters, according to a new analysis.

  • Clavicular, the looksmaxxing influencer, has been charged with shooting at an alligator during a livestream.


The New York Knicks hung on to the series lead in a 108-102 thriller against the Philadelphia 76ers. Game 3 is set for tomorrow in Philadelphia.

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Nineteen books were recognized as winners or finalists of the Pulitzer Prize. I may add some to my reading list.

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