Maryland
Why is urine yellow? University of Maryland researchers discovered the answer – WTOP News
A long-standing scientific mystery related to why urine is yellow was solved by researchers at the University of Maryland.
It seems like an answer that the scientific community should have already had, but the exact reason as to why urine is yellow has been elusive until now.
Researchers at the University of Maryland have cracked the code, identifying an enzyme that’s responsible for giving urine its yellow hue.
“We’re elated,” said Brantley Hall, a professor in the department of cell biology and molecular genetics at the University of Maryland in College Park.
Hall is the lead author of the study, which was published Wednesday in the journal Nature Microbiology.
“It’s a really important fundamental discovery, and we’re so happy that people can engage with this because it’s something they’re familiar with,” said Hall.
For decades, researchers had identified the molecule “urobilin” as the thing that makes urine yellow. But Hall’s research went further, finding out where urobilin actually comes from and how the body produces it.
When red blood cells degrade after their six-month life span, a bright orange pigment called “bilirubin” is produced as a byproduct.
Bilirubin is typically secreted into the gut, where it is destined for excretion.
Gut microbes encode the enzyme “bilirubin reductase” that converts bilirubin into a colorless byproduct called urobilinogen.
Urobilinogen then degrades into urobilin.
“We’re building on the shoulders of a lot of people who have studied this phenomenon before,” Hall said. “It’s remarkable that an everyday biological phenomenon went unexplained for so long.”
Aside from solving a scientific mystery, the study could have other health implications.
Hall’s team found that bilirubin reductase is present in almost all healthy adults but is often missing from newborns and people who have inflammatory bowel disease.
Their theory is that the absence of bilirubin reductase may contribute to infant jaundice and the formation of pigmented gallstones.
“Now that we’ve identified this enzyme, we can start investigating how the bacteria in our gut impact circulating bilirubin levels and related health conditions like jaundice,” said study co-author Xiaofang Jiang. “This discovery lays the foundation for understanding the gut-liver axis.”
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Maryland
Maryland State Fair celebrates America’s 250th anniversary across three weekends
TIMONIUM, Md. — Get ready for some family fun as the 145th Maryland State Fair is set to get underway this summer.
The fair will be open for three weekends: Thursday, August 27 to Sunday, August 30; Thursday, September 3 to Monday, September 7; and Thursday, September 10 to Sunday, September 13.
There will be multiple patriotic-themed competitions, prizes, strolling entertainers, a veteran’s showcase, and more in celebration of America’s 250th anniversary.
Admission will not be allowed after 9 p.m., and anyone under the age of 18 must be accompanied by an adult aged 21 or older.
The fair hours are as follows:
Thursdays:
- Building Hours: 5 p.m.–8 p.m.
- Exhibition Hall: 5 p.m.–9 p.m.
- Midway Hours: 5 p.m. to close
Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays & Labor Day Monday:
- Building Hours: 10 a.m.–8 p.m.
- Exhibition Hall Hours: 10 a.m.–9 p.m.
- Midway Hours: 10 a.m. to close
For more information about the fair and the schedule of events, click here.
Maryland
5 injured in shooting and stabbing near Laurel shopping center
LAUREL, Md. (7News) — Police in Laurel, Maryland, are investigating two violent incidents that left five people injured near a busy shopping area.
According to the Laurel Police Department, three people were shot and taken to local hospitals for treatment. Their conditions have not been released.
Laurel Police Department officers investigate a series of incidents near the Laurel Shopping Center in Laurel, Md. on May 6, 2026. (Noel Chavez/7News)
Officers also responded to a separate location in the same area for a stabbing, where two additional victims were injured and taken to the hospital.
SEE ALSO | Woman arrested after man stabbed in Rockville
Police said the incidents happened in the same area near the Laurel Shopping Center, along the 13600 block of Baltimore Avenue, close to a steakhouse and Amigos Restaurant.
Laurel Police Department officers investigate a series of incidents near the Laurel Shopping Center in Laurel, Md. on May 6, 2026. (Noel Chavez/7News)
Officials said it is not yet clear whether the shooting and stabbing are connected.
Police are asking anyone who may have witnessed either incident or has information to contact the Laurel Police Department at 301-498-0092 or submit tips anonymously by email.
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Authorities said more details will be released as the investigation continues.
Maryland
Maryland lawmakers demand accountability over Towson closure
Apple Towson employees. Credit: IAMAW
Maryland lawmakers have penned a delegation letter to Apple, asking the tech giant to ask if there were any other paths forward other than closing Apple Towson.
Apple’s battle with its Towson location continues, with Maryland lawmakers stepping in to “express serious concern” over Apple’s choice to close the store. On May 4, lawmakers penned a congressional delegation to Apple, which reads:
“We urge Apple to reconsider whether there are viable paths forward that would preserve jobs and maintain a retail presence in the region,” said the signing members in a letter to Apple.
“Maryland residents value employers who invest in their workforce and demonstrate a sustained commitment to the communities they serve,” the lawmakers said. “We stand ready to engage constructively with Apple to better understand this decision and to explore potential solutions.”
Lawmakers are asking Apple to explain the factors that led to the closure and what research it did on how the closure would affect the employees. It also wants to know what Apple plans to do to help employees who will soon lose their jobs.
The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) Union, along with Towson employees, has thanked lawmakers standing with workers.
What led to the charge in the first place
Apple recently announced that it would be closing three of its stores, Apple Trumbull, Apple North County, and Apple Towson. The Towson location was Apple’s first unionized store.
For its part, Apple cited declining conditions and the loss of retailers as the primary reasons for closing. But Towson employees, as well as the IAM Union, don’t think that’s the whole story.
That’s why in late April, IAM filed an unfair labor practice (ULP) charge against Apple. The union has suggested that the closure was retaliatory in nature.
However, the charge isn’t centered around the closing, but rather what happens next.
It claims that Apple unlawfully discriminated against unionized workers, denying them the same job placement rights that the non-unionized stores would receive. Trumbull and North County employees had the option to transfer to other locations.
Towson employees, on the other hand, were invited to apply for open roles at other stores, the same as any other non-employee seeking employment.
Apple would later go on to say that Towson’s union accepted specific rules for rehire under closure. If Apple were to open a new store within 50 miles, Towson would have right of refusal. Otherwise, Apple claims, the employees are to get severance pay only.
Apple’s history with Towson
While it’s not likely that Apple closed the store solely because of the union, it doesn’t mean that Apple didn’t reap the benefits, either. Apple hasn’t hidden the fact that it wants workers to avoid unionization.
The company had went out of its way to ensure that unionized stores didn’t receive benefits it conveniently rolled out while it stalled contract negotiations. Apple’s own retail chief Deirdre O’Brien had released a video directly telling employees that unionization was a net negative, and encouraged workers to seek in-house solutions.
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