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Even Homes That Evade the Fire Face Toxic Ash Risk, Studies Show

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Even Homes That Evade the Fire Face Toxic Ash Risk, Studies Show

Armed with two garden hoses hooked up to a sputtering tap, Matthew Craig battled fire and smoke to save his house from the onslaught of flames that devastated much of Altadena, a once leafy corner of Los Angeles County. The wind felt like dragon’s breath, he said, and “we were all eating smoke.”

But even though his home is secure, for now, it will be a long time before he and his family feel safe enough to go back. Every room in the house, he said, was covered in ash, dust, soot and dirt that the high winds had blown inside. “My 5-year-old son, wife, dog and I don’t want to be living in a toxic wasteland.”

As residents start returning to neighborhoods ravaged by fire, they are contending with a slew of toxic hazards in the lingering smoke and ash that experts say can cause breathing problems and worse.

When neighborhoods go up in smoke, they burn all manner of human-made materials — vehicles, lead pipes, paint, plastics — which can release toxic smoke and fumes that can linger. A recent study found that even for homes that are spared destruction, smoke and ash swept inside could adhere to rugs, sofas and drywall, creating health hazards that can remain for months.

“There are so many people who have lost their homes in this, and that is devastating,” said Colleen Reid, who studies the health effects of air pollution at the University of Colorado Boulder, and who led the research. “But even the people who feel lucky that their home is fine — they could actually be exposed to lot of toxic materials,” she said. “The wind will get through every crack.”

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That was a particular problem, Professor Reid said, because some people may be more likely to move back more quickly or to tackle cleanup themselves if their insurance companies don’t acknowledge this kind of ash and soot damage. And sifting through ash could send hazardous particles back into the air. There was a move in some states to try to force more insurance companies to compensate for smoke and ash intrusion, she said.

Smoke and overall air quality continued to be a risk, said Yifang Zhu, a professor in environmental health at the University of California, Los Angeles. Soot and other fine particles, known as PM2.5, can penetrate the lungs and the heart and can even enter the bloodstream, affecting the entire body.

Ironically, a weakening of the Santa Ana winds that might aid firefighting efforts also meant more smoke would stick around, she said. And air quality readings, which focus on particulate matter pollution like soot, were also not a good indication of the other complex air pollution hazards that the fires had unleashed, she said.

The typical air quality index doesn’t capture volatile organic compounds, for example, that can cause headaches and nausea and are linked to cancer and other illnesses in the longer term. And N-95 masks aren’t as effective against those other pollutants.

“There were so many things that burned, and so many other air toxics,” she said. “That’s why you might smell something, even if air monitors don’t pick it up.”

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For people returning to homes in affected neighborhoods, there are steps they can take to protect themselves, she said. Carbon cartridge respirators work better against toxic air pollution than masks. Children and the elderly, as well as people who are pregnant or who have asthma or underlying respiratory or heart conditions, shouldn’t participate in cleanup.

Seek medical attention for any serious symptoms that arise — chest pain, wheezing, heavy coughing — and avoid strenuous exercise. Where possible, stay indoors, and run air purifiers fitted with activated carbon filters, on top of HEPA ones. “It’s just a good idea to be careful,” Dr. Zhu said.

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For 40 minutes, the greatest solitude humans have known

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For 40 minutes, the greatest solitude humans have known

The crescent Earth — our oasis holding everything we cherish, now just a speck in the infinite blackness — seemed to kiss the jagged lunar surface. The moon’s thousands of scars projected themselves across the Earth as it slowly slipped out of sight.

“I’m actually getting chills right now just thinking about it,” said Artemis II Cmdr. Reid Wiseman, talking to The Times while still in space Wednesday evening (Earth time). “It was just an unbelievable sight, and then it was gone.”

The crew of four — in the dim green glow of their spacecraft, with no more elbow room than a Sprinter van — entered a profound solitude few have ever experienced. Farther from Earth than any humans in history, the crew could no longer reach Mission Control, their families or any other living member of our home planet.

For 40 minutes Monday, it was just them, their high-tech lifeboat and the moon.

Artemis II Cmdr. Reid Wiseman peers out the window of the Orion spacecraft as his first lunar observation period on Monday begins.

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(NASA)

The crew members paused their rigorous scientific observations for just three or four minutes to let the surreal feeling settle. They shared some maple cookies brought by Canadian Space Agency and Artemis II mission specialist astronaut Jeremy Hansen.

We humans eat seven fishes on Christmas Eve, samosas on Eid al-Fitr and maple cookies behind the moon.

But the astronauts still had work to do. NASA wanted to observe the far side of the moon, eternally locked facing away from Earth, with a highly sophisticated instrument the agency has seldom had the opportunity to measure this landscape with: the human eye.

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The moon, appearing about the size of a bowling ball at arm’s length to the crew, hung in the nothingness. In complete silence, it beckoned.

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Artemis II pilot Victor Glover heard the call of the terminator: the border between the moon’s daytime and nighttime — the lunar dawn. Here, the sun cast stark, dramatic shadows across the moon’s steep cliffs, rugged ripples and seemingly bottomless craters.

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Artemis II mission specialist Christina Koch described the scattering of tiny craters across the daytime side proudly reflecting sunlight, like pinpricks in a lampshade. Hansen was drawn to the beautiful shades of blues, greens and browns that the surface reveals if you’re patient enough.

Even though Earth was hidden behind the moon a quarter million miles away, the crew couldn’t help but think of our home.

For Koch, the desolation was only a reminder of how much Earth provides us: water, air, warmth, food. Glover could feel the love emanating from our pale blue dot, defying distance. Hansen thought of the Earth’s gravity, still working to pull the crew home.

And yet, the crew was in the moon’s gravitational arena, where its gravity dominates Earth’s. It was the lunar monolith in front of them that gently redirected their small vessel of life around the natural satellite and toward home.

Eventually, home peaked back out from behind the dark orb.

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The moon fully eclipsing the sun.

The moon fully eclipsing the sun, as seen by the Artemis II crew. From the crew’s perspective, the moon appears large enough to completely block the sun, creating nearly 54 minutes of totality.

(NASA)

As a final show, or perhaps a goodbye, the moon temporarily blocked out the sun: a lunar eclipse.

“We saw great simulations made by our lunar science team, but when that actually happened, it just blew us all away,” Glover said. “It was one of the greatest gifts.”

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Video: NASA Prepares for Artemis II’s Return to Earth

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Video: NASA Prepares for Artemis II’s Return to Earth

new video loaded: NASA Prepares for Artemis II’s Return to Earth

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NASA Prepares for Artemis II’s Return to Earth

The Artemis II crew prepared for their return home and NASA inspected the exterior of the Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to land in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Southern California on Friday.

“We have seen just some extraordinary things and other things that I just had never even imagined.” “Canadians couldn’t be more proud of you personally. But this mission and our collaboration with the United States. And I just wonder, a lot of Canadians just want one point of reassurance that the preference is for maple syrup over Nutella on your pancakes in the morning.”

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The Artemis II crew prepared for their return home and NASA inspected the exterior of the Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to land in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Southern California on Friday.

By Nailah Morgan

April 9, 2026

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NASA Releases Photos of Far Side of the Moon From Artemis II Astronauts

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NASA Releases Photos of Far Side of the Moon From Artemis II Astronauts

New shades of brown and green in the rings of impact craters. Rugged terrain and long shadows along their rims. Earth rising over the moon’s horizon and the glow of lofted dust.

These are observations the Artemis II astronauts made during their lunar flyby on April 6. While passing by the far side of the moon, they saw parts never observed with human eyes before.

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The astronauts were able to catch a full view of the Mare Orientale, a dark, ringed 600-mile wide crater that straddles the near and the far sides of the moon. Human eyes had never seen the whole basin before. (The Apollo missions were timed so that the landings occurred as the crater was hidden in darkness.)

Everything to the left of the crater is the far side, the hemisphere we don’t get to see from Earth because the moon rotates on its axis at the same rate that it orbits around us.

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Astronauts looked at the dark smooth plains on its concentric impact rings, noting that there was more brown near the center of the multi-ring crater. To the naked eye, the basin looked like a plain or a plateau, but through the camera lens the Artemis II crew members were able to distinguish colors from shadows.

This is a close-up view of the Vavilov crater on the rim of the larger and older Hertzsprung crater. Astronauts looked at terrain changes: smooth inside the inner rings of the crater and rugged around the rim.

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Some 24 minutes into the flyby, the Artemis II crew began observing the South Pole-Aitken basin, seen in the photo below with the terminator line separating the sunlit side from the dark side.

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With an immense width of about 1,600 miles, it is the largest known impact crater in the solar system. These observations will help scientists find clues to the moon’s geological history.

The eastern edge of the South Pole-Aitken Basin.

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After Artemis II swung around the far side, the astronauts experienced a 53-minute solar eclipse.

They were able to observe the solar corona and get glimpses of a bright Venus, a reddish Mars far in the distance and a Saturn with hints of orange.

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The crew described the corona as similar to “baby hair” as the sun’s light intensified.

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Then, Earth came into view over the moon’s edge, an event described as Earthrise when humans first saw it in 1968.

Earthrise seen from the Orion spacecraft.

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Photos taken by Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch and Jeremy Hansen from the Orion capsule on April 6 and provided by NASA. Time annotations are based on audio comments during NASA’s live transmission of the mission.

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