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The Many Links Between Project 2025 and Trump’s World

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The Many Links Between Project 2025 and Trump’s World
Led NASA efforts on Trump transition team

Chris Anderson

Office of Senator Steve Daines

No known connection

Jeff Anderson

The American Main Street Initiative

Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics

Michael Anton

Hillsdale College

Deputy assistant to the President for Strategic Communications on the National Security Council

EJ Antoni

The Heritage Foundation

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No known connection

Andrew Arthur

Center for Immigration Studies

Panel member at the Federal Labor Relations Authority

Paul Atkins

Patomak Global Partners

Adviser for financial regulations on Trump transition team

Julie Axelrod

Center for Immigration Studies

Senior adviser to the associate policy director for the Environmental Protection Agency
Operations director for the Presidential Personnel Office Worked on Trump’s 2016 campaign
Special assistant to the president in the Domestic Policy Council

Stewart Baker

Steptoe and Johnson LLP

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No known connection

Erik Baptist

Alliance Defending Freedom

Lawyer for the Environmental Protection Agency

Brent Bennett

Texas Public Policy Foundation

No known connection

John Berlau

Competitive Enterprise Institute

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No known connection

Russell Berman

Hoover Institution

Senior policy adviser in the State Department

Sanjai Bhagat

University of Colorado, Boulder

No known connection

Stephen Billy

Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America

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Senior adviser in the Office of Management and Budget

Brad Bishop

American Cornerstone Institute

Deputy assistant communications secretary for the Department of Housing and Urban Development

No known connection

Josh Blackman

South Texas College of Law

No known connection

Jim Blew

Defense of Freedom Institute for Policy Studies

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Assistant secretary for planning, evaluation and policy development at the Department of Education

Robert Bortins

Classical Conversations

No known connection

Rachel Bovard

Conservative Partnership Institute

No known connection

Matt Bowman

Alliance Defending Freedom

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Deputy general counsel at the Department of Health and Human Services

Steven G. Bradbury

The Heritage Foundation

Deputy transportation secretary, briefly transportation secretary in Jan. 2021

Preston Brashers

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

Chief speechwriter to the attorney general

Kyle Brosnan

The Heritage Foundation

Served senior roles at the Departments of Health and Human Services and Homeland Security

Patrick T. Brown

Ethics and Public Policy Center

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No known connection

Robert Burkett

ACLJ Action

Held positions in the Department of Defense, Commerce and Labor

Michael Burley

American Cornerstone Institute

Special assistant to the president and associate director of presidential personnel

Jonathan Butcher

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

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Mark Buzby

Buzby Maritime Associates, LLC

Margaret Byfield

American Stewards of Liberty

No known connection

National deputy director in the Department of Commerce Consultant for Trump transition team

Anthony Campau

Center for Renewing America

Chief of staff and counselor of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs at the Office of Management and Budget Member of Trump transition team

Frank Carroll

Professional Forest Management

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No known connection

Oren Cass

American Compass

No known connection

Brian J. Cavanaugh

American Global Strategies

Special assistant to the president for national security affairs on the National Security Council

Spencer Chretien

The Heritage Foundation

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Special assistant to Trump, associate director of presidential personnel

Claire Christensen

American Cornerstone Institute

No known connection

Victoria Coates

The Heritage Foundation

Held senior positions in the Department of Energy and the National Security Council Worked on Trump transition team for National Security Council

Ellie Cohanim

Independent Women’s Forum

Deputy special envoy to combat anti-Semitism at the Department of State
Acting under secretary of defense for intelligence and security in the Department of Defense

Elbridge Colby

Marathon Initiative

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Deputy assistant defense secretary for strategy and force development
Deputy chief of staff for policy and director of the office of policy & strategy planning in the Department of Commerce

Lisa Correnti

Center for Family and Human Rights

Delegate to the U.N. Commission on the Status of Women

Monica Crowley

The Nixon Seminar

Assistant public affairs secretary for the Department of Transportation

Laura Cunliffe

Independent Women’s Forum

Chief of staff to the ambassador to the United Nations, associate director for education, income maintenance and labor at the Office of Management and Budget

Tom Dans

Amberwave Partners

Counselor to the under secretary for international affairs at the Department of Treasury
Deputy assistant defense secretary for Western Hemisphere Affairs Member of the Department of Defense transition team and surrogate for Trump’s 2016 campaign

Chris De Ruyter

National Center for Urban Operations

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No known connection

Corey DeAngelis

American Federation for Children

No known connection

Caroline DeBerry

Paragon Health Institute

No known connection

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Arielle Del Turco

Family Research Council

No known connection

Irv Dennis

American Cornerstone Institute

Chief financial officer of the Department of Housing and Urban Development

David Deptula

Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Studies

No known connection

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Chuck DeVore

Texas Public Policy Foundation

No known connection

James Di Pane

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

Matthew Dickerson

The Heritage Foundation

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No known connection

Michael Ding

America First Legal Foundation

Deputy White House liaison for Export-Import Bank

David Ditch

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

Natalie Dodson

Ethics and Public Policy Center

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No known connection

Dave Dorey

The Fairness Center

Deputy assistant secretary for counterterrorism and threat prevention at the Department of Homeland Security

Max Eden

American Enterprise Institute

No known connection

Chief financial officer for the Department of Homeland Security

Joseph Edlow

The Heritage Foundation

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Deputy director for policy at Citizenship and Immigration Services

Jen Ehlinger

Booz Allen Hamilton

Communications strategist at the State Department

John Ehrett

Office of Senator Josh Hawley

No known connection

Kristen Eichamer

The Heritage Foundation

Deputy press secretary for NASA

Robert S. Eitel

Defense of Freedom Institute for Policy Studies

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Senior counselor to the secretary of education

Will Estrada

Parents Rights Foundation

No known connection

Farnaz Farkish Thompson

McGuireWoods

No known connection

Jon Feere

Center for Immigration Studies

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Senior adviser to the Director and chief of staff at Immigration and Customs Enforcement Immigration adviser on Trump’s 2016 campaign, member of Trump transition team

Baruch Feigenbaum

Reason Foundation

No known connection

Travis Fisher

The Heritage Foundation

Adviser in the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and the Department of Energy

George Fishman

Center for Immigration Studies

Deputy general counsel at the Department of Homeland Security

Leslie Ford

The Heritage Foundation

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Special assistant to Trump for domestic policy

Aharon Friedman

Federal Policy Group

Senior adviser to the assistant secretary for tax policy at the Treasury Department

Bruce Frohnen

Ohio Northern University College of Law

No known connection

Director of the office of external affairs and communications at the Economic Development Administration
Deputy assistant secretary for policy at the Department of Transportation Member of Department of Transportation transition team

Caleigh Gabel

American Cornerstone Institute

Special assistant at the Department of Housing and Urban Development

Christopher Gacek

Family Research Council

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No known connection

Alexandra Gaiser

River Financial Inc.

Lawyer for the Treasury Department

No known connection

Patty-Jane Geller

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

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Andrew Gillen

Texas Public Policy Foundation

No known connection

James S. Gilmore

Gilmore Global Group LLC

Ambassador to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

Vance Ginn

Vance Ginn Economic Consulting, LLC

Associate director for economic policy at the Office of Management and Budget

Alma Golden

The Institute for Women’s Health

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Deputy assistant administrator for the Agency for International Development

Chadwick R. Gore

Defense Forum Foundation

No known connection

David Gortler

Ethics and Public Policy Center

No known connection

Brian Gottstein

The Heritage Foundation

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No known connection

Dan Greenberg

Competitive Enterprise Institute

Senior policy adviser to the labor secretary

Rob Greenway

Hudson Institute

Senior director of the National Security Council

Rachel Greszler

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

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DJ Gribbin

Madrus Consulting

Special assistant to the president for infrastructure at the National Economic Council

Garrison Grisedale

American Cornerstone Institute

Speechwriter for the housing and urban development secretary

Joseph Grogan

USC Schaeffer School for Health Policy and Economics

Director of the United States Domestic Policy Council

No known connection

Jeffrey Gunter

Republican Jewish Coalition

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Special assistant to the assistant administrator at the U.S. Agency for International Development
Michigan state co-chair for Trump’s 2016 campaign

Amalia Halikias

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

Richard Hanania

Center for the Study of Partisanship and Ideology

No known connection

Simon Hankinson

The Heritage Foundation

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No known connection

Senior counsel to the assistant administrator for air and radiation at the Environmental Protection Agency

Derek Harvey

Office of Representative Devin Nunes

Middle East director on the National Security Council

Jason Hayes

Mackinac Center for Public Policy

No known connection

No known connection

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Deputy press secretary at the Office of Management and Budget

Troup Hemenway

Personnel Policy Operations

Associate director for National Security in the Presidential Personnel Office Member of Trump transition team and Trump’s 2016 campaign policy team

Nathan Hitchen

Equal Rights Institute

No known connection

Ambassador to the Netherlands

Gabriella Hoffman

Independent Women’s Forum

No known connection

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Tom Homan

The Heritage Foundation

Acting director of Immigration and Customs Enforcement
Member of the Trump transition team overseeing the Environmental Protection Agency

Mike Howell

The Heritage Foundation

Oversight counsel at the Department of Homeland Security

Valerie Huber

The Institute for Women’s Health

Chief of staff for the assistant health secretary

Andrew Hughes

American Cornerstone Institute

Chief of staff for the housing and urban development secretary

Joseph Humire

Center for a Secure Free Society

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No known connection

Christopher Iacovella

American Securities Association

No known connection

Melanie Israel

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

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Ken Ivory

Utah State Representative

No known connection

Roman Jankowski

The Heritage Foundation

Acting chief of staff at the privacy office of the Department of Homeland Security

James Jay Carafano

The Heritage Foundation

Primary aide in State Department transition team

No known connection

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Emilie Kao

Alliance Defending Freedom

No known connection

Jared M. Kelson

Boyden Gray & Associates

Attorney-adviser in the legal counsel’s office at the Department of Justice

Aaron Kheriaty

Ethics and Public Policy Center

No known connection

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Ali Kilmartin

Alliance Defending Freedom

Deputy assistant secretary for policy at the Department of Labor

Julie Kirchner

Federation for American Immigration Reform

Ombudsman of citizenship and immigration services at the Department of Homeland Security Immigration adviser on Trump’s 2016 campaign

Dan Kish

Institute for Energy Research

No known connection

Kenneth A. Klukowski

Schaerr Jaffe

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Held positions in the Department of Justice and Office of Management and Budget Senior adviser for Constitutional rights on the Trump transition team

Adam Korzeniewski

American Principles Project

Counsel at the Treasury Department

Bethany Kozma

Keystone Policy

Deputy chief of staff at the U.S. Agency for International Development
Chief information officer of the intelligence community in the office of the director of national intelligence

Julius Krein

American Affairs

No known connection

Stanley Kurtz

Ethics and Public Policy Center

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No known connection

David LaCerte

Baker Botts, LLP

Deputy associate director of the Office of Personnel Management

Paul J. Larkin

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

Paul Lawrence

Lawrence Consulting

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Under secretary for benefits at the Department of Veterans Affairs

James R. Lawrence III

Envisage Law

Deputy general counsel of the Department of Health and Human Services, chief counsel of the Food and Drug Administration

Nathan Leamer

Targeted Victory

No known connection

David Legates

University of Delaware

Deputy assistant secretary of commerce for observation and prediction at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Marlo Lewis

Competitive Enterprise Institute

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No known connection

Ben Lieberman

Competitive Enterprise Institute

No known connection

Policy adviser at the Department of Housing and Urban Development

Evelyn Lim

American Cornerstone Institute

Regional administrator at the Department of Housing and Urban Development, deputy chief of staff in the office of the homeland security secretary

Morgan Lorraine Viña

Jewish Institute for National Security of America

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Chief of staff for international security affairs for the under secretary of defense

Mario Loyola

Competitive Enterprise Institute

Associate director for regulatory reform at the White House Council on Environmental Quality

John G. Malcolm

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

Joseph Masterman

Cooper & Kirk, PLLC

No known connection

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Earl Matthews

The Vandenberg Coalition

Acting general counsel of the Department of the Army Served on Trump’s Department of Defense transition team

Dan Mauler

Heritage Action for America

No known connection

Drew McCall

American Cornerstone Institute

No known connection

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Trent McCotter

Boyden Gray & Associates

Deputy associate attorney general

Micah Meadowcroft

The American Conservative

White House liaison for the Environmental Protection Agency

Edwin Meese III

The Heritage Foundation

Was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Trump

Jessica Melugin

Competitive Enterprise Institute

No known connection

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Frank Mermoud

Orpheus International

No known connection

Mark Miller

Office of Governor Kristi Noem

No known connection

Cleta Mitchell

Conservative Partnership Institute

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Joined the call in which Trump asked Georgia’s top election official to find votes for him
Assistant secretary of state for international organization affairs

Caitlin Moon

American Center for Law & Justice

No known connection

Clare Morell

Ethics and Public Policy Center

Special assistant in the Office on Violence Against Women

Mark Morgan

The Heritage Foundation

Acting commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Hunter Morgen

American Cornerstone Institute

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Special assistant to Trump, White House senior adviser for policy and strategy Worked on Trump’s 2016 campaign and Trump transition team

Rachel Morrison

Ethics and Public Policy Center

No known connection

Jonathan Moy

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

Iain Murray

Competitive Enterprise Institute

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No known connection

Ryan Nabil

National Taxpayers Union

No known connection

Michael Nasi

Jackson Walker LLP

No known connection

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Lucian Niemeyer

The Niemeyer Group, LLC

Assistant secretary of defense for energy, installations and environment
Assistant secretary for industry and analysis in the International Trade Administration
Director of defense research and engineering for research and technology in the Department of Defense

Kathy Nuebel Kovarik

Sagitta Solutions, LLC

Policy and strategy chief at Customs and Immigration Services

Caleb Orr

Boyden Gray & Associates

No known connection

Nina Owcharenko Schaefer

The Heritage Foundation

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Senior counselor to the health and human services secretary Served on Trump’s landing team for the Department of Health and Human Services

Matt O’Brien

Immigration Reform Law Institute

No known connection

Chief executive of the U.S. Agency for Global Media
Chief innovation officer and director of the Innovation, Technology, Research Hub in the U.S. Agency for International Development

Michael Pillsbury

The Heritage Foundation

Chair of the Defense Policy Board at the Department of Defense Trump said in 2018 that he was the “leading authority on China”

Patrick Pizzella

Leadership Institute

Robert Poole

Reason Foundation

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No known connection

No known connection

Kevin Preskenis

Allymar Health Solutions

Chief of staff to the assistant secretary and chief financial officer at the Department of Commerce

Pam Pryor

National Committee for Religious Freedom

Senior bureau official for international organization affairs at the State Department Led faith outreach initiative during Trump’s 2016 campaign

Thomas Pyle

Institute for Energy Research

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No known connection

John Ratcliffe

American Global Strategies

Director of national intelligence

Paul Ray

The Heritage Foundation

Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs

Joseph Reddan

Flexilis Forestry, LLC

No known connection

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Jay W. Richards

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

Jordan Richardson

Heise Suarez Melville, P.A.

Special assistant to Trump for domestic policy

Jason Richwine

Center for Immigration Studies

Deputy director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology

Shaun Rieley

The American Conservative

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No known connection

Lora Ries

The Heritage Foundation

Acting deputy chief of staff at the Department of Homeland Security Served on Trump’s transition team

No known connection

Mark Robeck

Energy Evolution Consulting LLC

Deputy general counsel for energy policy
Deputy chief of staff at the Department of Commerce lowa communications director for Trump’s 2016 campaign

Mark Royce

NOVA-Annandale College

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No known connection

Reed Rubinstein

America First Legal Foundation

Deputy associate attorney general

William Ruger

American Institute for Economic Research

Trump nominated him to serve as the ambassador to Afghanistan, though the nomination was returned

Austin Ruse

Center for Family and Human Rights

No known connection

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Brent D. Sadler

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

Jon Sanders

John Locke Foundation

No known connection

Carla Sands

America First Policy Institute

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Ambassador to Denmark Economic adviser on Trump’s 2016 campaign

No known connection

Brett D. Schaefer

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

Matt Schuck

American Cornerstone Institute

Special communications adviser at the Broadcasting Board of Governors (now known as U.S. Agency for Global Media) Communications director on Trump’s 2016 campaign in Wisconsin
Deputy general counsel for the Environmental Protection Agency

Jon Schweppe

American Principles Project

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No known connection

Marc Scribner

Reason Foundation

No known connection

Darin Selnick

Selnick Consulting

Senior adviser to the veterans affairs secretary

Josh Sewell

Taxpayers for Common Sense

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No known connection

Kathleen Sgamma

Western Energy Alliance

No known connection

Matt Sharp

Alliance Defending Freedom

No known connection

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Judy Shelton

Independent Institute

Served as an adviser on Trump’s transition team Trump nominated her to the Board of the Federal Reserve, but her nomination stalled in the Senate

Nathan Simington

Federal Communications Commission

Commissioner of the Federal Communications Commission

Loren Smith

Skyline Policy Risk Group

Deputy assistant secretary for policy at the Department of Transportation Served on Trump’s landing team for the Department of Labor

Zack Smith

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

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Jack Spencer

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

Adrienne Spero

U.S. House Committee on Homeland Security

Senior counselor to the secretary of the Department of Homeland Security

Thomas W. Spoehr

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

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Peter St Onge

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

Chris Stanley

Functional Government Initiative

Chief of congressional and intergovernmental affairs at the U.S. Census Bureau

Paula M. Stannard

Attorney

Deputy General Counsel at the Department of Health and Human Services Led health care reform on Trump’s transition team

Parker Stathatos

Texas Public Policy Foundation

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No known connection

William Steiger

Consultant

Chief of staff at the U.S. Agency for International Development

Kenny Stein

Institute for Energy Research

No known connection

Robby Stephany Saunders

Coalition for a Prosperous America

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No known connection

Corey Stewart

Stewart PLLC

Virginia state chair of Trump’s 2016 campaign, was later fired

Mari Stull

American Opportunity Foundation

Senior adviser to the State Department’s Bureau of International Organization Affairs

Katharine T. Sullivan

1792 Exchange

Principal deputy assistant attorney general

Brett Swearingen

Miller Johnson

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No known connection

No known connection

Special assistant to the deputy assistant defense secretary for stability and humanitarian affairs
Senior counsel on the White House Council on Environment Quality

Katy Talento

AllBetter Health

Health care policy adviser on the White House Domestic Policy Council Health care policy adviser for Trump’s 2016 campaign

Tony Tata

Tata Leadership Group, LLC

Senior adviser to defense secretary Trump nominated him to be defense under secretary for policy, but the confirmation was canceled and nomination was withdrawn

Todd Thurman

American Cornerstone Institute

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Digital strategy specialist and White House liaison at the Department of Housing and Urban Development

Brett Tolman

Tolman Group

Adviser to White House on pardons and commutations, secured a pardon for Jared Kushner’s father

Kayla M. Tonnessen

Recovery for America Now Foundation

Chief of staff of the Office of National Drug Control Policy

Joe Trotter

American Legislative Exchange Council

No known connection

Tevi Troy

Mercatus Center

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No known connection

Special adviser at the Department of Commerce

Erin Valdez

Texas Public Policy Foundation

No known connection

Mark Vandroff

Fincantieri Marine Group

Senior director for defense policy at the National Security Council

Jessica M. Vaughan

Center for Immigration Studies

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No known connection

John Venable

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

Andrew N. Vollmer

Mercatus Center

No known connection

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Greg Walcher

Natural Resources Group, LLC

No known connection

Counsel to the commissioner of the Securities and Exchange Commission

David M. Walsh

Takota Group

No known connection

Erin Walsh

The Heritage Foundation

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Assistant commerce secretary, director general of the United States Commercial Service Co-led Trump’s State Department transition team

Jacklyn Ward

American Cornerstone Institute

No known connection

Emma Waters

The Heritage Foundation

No known connection

Alexander William Salter

Texas Tech University

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No known connection

Michael Williams

American Cornerstone Institute

Principal deputy general counsel in the Department of Housing and Urban Development

No known connection

Acting Principal at the office of the assistant labor secretary for policy
Assistant secretary for public affairs at the Department of Homeland Security
Senior White House adviser to the Department of Homeland Security

Cesar Ybarra

FreedomWorks

No known connection

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John Zadrozny

America First Legal Foundation

Acting chief of staff of Customs and Immigration Services

No known connection

Politics

Rubio targets Nicaraguan official over alleged torture tied to ‘brutal’ Ortega regime

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Rubio targets Nicaraguan official over alleged torture tied to ‘brutal’ Ortega regime

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Secretary of State Marco Rubio announced Saturday that the Trump administration is sanctioning a senior Nicaraguan official over alleged human rights violations.

Rubio said the U.S. is designating Vice Minister of the Interior Luis Roberto Cañas Novoa for his role in “gross violations of human rights” under the government of President Daniel Ortega and Vice President Rosario Murillo, marking what he said was the latest effort to hold the regime accountable.

“The Trump administration continues to hold the Murillo-Ortega dictatorship accountable for brutal human rights violations against Nicaraguans,” Rubio said in a post on X. “I’m designating Nicaraguan Vice Minister of the Interior Luis Roberto Cañas Novoa for his role in human rights violations.”

RUBIO TESTIFIES IN TRIAL OF EX-FLORIDA CONGRESSMAN ALLEGEDLY HIRED BY MADURO GOVERNMENT TO LOBBY FOR VENEZUELA

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Secretary of State Marco Rubio speaks at the State Department, April 14, 2026. The U.S. announced sanctions on a Nicaraguan official tied to alleged human rights abuses under the Ortega-Murillo government. (Andrew Harnik/Getty Images)

The designation was made under Section 7031(c), which allows the State Department to bar foreign officials and their immediate family members from entering the United States due to involvement in significant corruption or human rights abuses.

The State Department has said the Ortega-Murillo government has engaged in arbitrary arrests, torture and extrajudicial killings following mass protests that began in April 2018.

“Nearly eight years ago, the Rosario Murillo and Daniel Ortega dictatorship unleashed a brutal wave of repression against Nicaraguans who courageously stood against the regime’s increased tyranny, corruption, and abuse,” the statement reads.

The State Department said that the sanction marked the anniversary of the 2018 protests, after which more than 325 protesters were murdered in the aftermath.

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A panel of U.N.-backed human rights experts previously accused Nicaragua’s government of systematic abuses “tantamount to crimes against humanity,” following an investigation into the country’s crackdown on political dissent, according to The Associated Press.

The experts said the repression intensified after mass protests in 2018 and has since expanded across large parts of society, targeting perceived opponents of the government.

TRUMP ADMIN ANNOUNCES EXPANSION OF VISA RESTRICTION POLICY IN WESTERN HEMISPHERE

Nicaragua President Daniel Ortega delivers a speech during a ceremony to mark the 199th Independence Day anniversary, in Managua, Nicaragua Sept. 15, 2020.   (Nicaragua’s Presidency/Cesar Perez/Handout via Reuters)

Nicaragua’s government has rejected those findings.

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The designation follows a series of recent U.S. actions targeting the Ortega-Murillo government. In February, the State Department sanctioned five senior Nicaraguan officials tied to repression, citing arbitrary detention, torture, killings and the targeting of clergy, media and civil society.

Earlier this week, the department also announced sanctions on individuals and companies linked to Nicaragua’s gold sector, including two of Ortega and Murillo’s sons, accusing the regime of using the industry to generate foreign currency, launder assets and consolidate power within the ruling family.

The State Department said the move is part of ongoing efforts to hold the Nicaraguan government accountable for its actions.

Fox News Digital reached out to the Nicaraguan government and its embassy in Washington for comment but did not immediately receive a response.

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A man waves a Nicaraguan flag during a demonstration to commemorate Nicaragua’s national Day of Peace, which is celebrated in the country on April 19, and to protest against the government of Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega in San Jose, Costa Rica on April 16, 2023. (Jose Cordero/AFP)

The Trump administration has taken an increasingly aggressive posture in the Western Hemisphere in recent months, including a Jan. 3, 2026, operation that resulted in the capture of Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores.

The U.S. has also carried out a series of strikes targeting suspected drug-trafficking vessels in the region, part of a broader crackdown tied to regional security and narcotics enforcement efforts.

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Politics

Outlines of a deal emerge with major concessions to Iran

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Outlines of a deal emerge with major concessions to Iran

Upbeat claims from President Trump over an imminent peace deal to end the war with Iran were met with deep skepticism Friday across the Middle East, where Iranian and Israeli officials questioned the prospects for a lasting agreement that would satisfy all parties.

The outlines of an agreement began to emerge that would provide Iran with a major strategic victory — and a potential financial windfall — allowing the Islamic Republic to leverage its control over the Strait of Hormuz to exact significant concessions from the United States and its ally Israel as Trump presses for a swift end to the conflict.

In a series of social media posts and interviews with reporters, Trump announced that the strait was “fully open,” vowing Tehran would never again attempt to control it. But Iranian officials and state media said that conditions remained on passage through the waterway, including the imposition of tolls and coordination with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

Iranian diplomats posted threats that its closure could resume at any time of their choosing, and warned that restrictions would return unless the United States agreed to lift a blockade of its ports. Trump had said Friday that the blockade would remain in place.

“The conditional and limited reopening of a portion of the Strait of Hormuz is solely an Iranian initiative, one that creates responsibility and serves to test the firm commitments of the opposing side,” said a top aide to Iran’s president, dismissing Trump’s statements on the contours of a deal as “baseless.”

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“If they renege on their promises,” he added, “they will face dire consequences.”

In an overture to Iran, Trump said Israel would be “prohibited” from conducting additional military strikes in Lebanon, where the Israeli government of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu seeks to prevent Hezbollah, an Iranian proxy militia, from rearming, a potential threat to communities in the Israeli north.

But in a speech delivered in Hebrew, Netanyahu would say only that Israel had agreed to a temporary ceasefire, while members of his Cabinet warned that Israel Defense Forces operations in southern Lebanon were not yet finished. A top ally of the prime minister at a right-wing Israeli news outlet warned that Trump was “surrendering” to Iran in the talks.

It was a day of public messaging from a president eager to end a war that has proved historically unpopular with the American public, and has driven a rise in gas prices that could weigh on his party entering this year’s midterm elections.

Yet, Republican allies of the president have begun warning him that an agreement skewed heavily in Tehran’s favor could carry political costs of its own.

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Trump was forced to deny an Axios report Friday that his negotiating team had offered to release $20 billion in frozen Iranian assets in exchange for Tehran agreeing to hand over its fissile material, buried under rubble from a U.S. bombing raid last year.

That sum would amount to more than 10 times what President Obama released to Iran under a 2015 nuclear deal, called the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, that was the subject of fierce Republican criticism in the decade since.

“I have every confidence that President Trump will not allow Iran to be enriched by tens of billions of dollars for holding the world hostage and creating mayhem in the region,” said Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.), a strong supporter of the war. “No JCPOAs on President Trump’s watch.”

Still, Trump said in a round of interviews that a deal could be reached in a matter of days, ending less than two weeks of negotiations.

He claimed that Tehran had agreed to permanently end its enrichment of uranium — a development that, if true, would mark a dramatic reversal for the Islamic Republic from decades developing its nuclear program, and from just 10 days ago, when Iranian diplomats rejected a U.S. proposal of a 20-year pause on domestic enrichment in favor of a five-year moratorium.

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He said Iran had agreed never to build nuclear weapons — a pledge Tehran has made repeatedly, including under the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, in a religious decree from then-Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and in the 2015 agreement — while continuing nuclear activities viewed by the international community as exceeding civilian needs.

And he repeatedly stated that Iran had agreed to the removal of its enriched uranium from the country, either to the United States or to a third party. Iranian state media stated Friday afternoon that a proposal to remove the country’s highly enriched uranium had been “rejected.”

Iran’s agreement to allow safe passage for commercial vessels through the Strait of Hormuz is linked to a ceasefire in Lebanon that the Israeli Cabinet approved for only a 10-day period. Regardless of whether it holds or is extended, Israeli officials said their military would not retreat from its current positions in southern Lebanon — opening up Israeli forces to potential attack by Hezbollah militants unbound by a truce brokered by the Lebanese government.

The Lebanese people, Hezbollah officials said, have “the right to resist” Israeli occupation of their land. Whether the fighting resumes, the group added, “will be determined based on how developments unfold.”

An Iranian official threw cold water on the prospects of reaching a comprehensive peace deal in the coming days, telling Reuters that a temporary extension of the current ceasefire, set to expire Tuesday, would “create space for more talks on lifting sanctions on Iran and securing compensation for war damages.”

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“In exchange, Iran will provide assurances to the international community about the peaceful nature of its nuclear program,” the official said, adding that “any other narrative about the ongoing talks is a misrepresentation of the situation.”

Trump told reporters Friday that the talks will continue through the weekend.

While Trump claimed there aren’t “too many significant differences” remaining, he said the United States would continue the blockade until negotiations are finalized and formalized.

“When the agreement is signed, the blockade ends,” the president told reporters in Phoenix.

Times staff writer Ana Ceballos contributed to this report.

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Read the Supreme Court’s Shadow Papers

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Read the Supreme Court’s Shadow Papers

CHAMBERS OF

JUSTICE ELENA KAGAN

Supreme Court of the United States Washington, D. C. 20343

February 7, 2016

Memorandum to the Conference

Re: 15A773 West Virginia, et al. v. EPA, et al.
15A776 Basin Elec. Power Cooperative, et al. v. EPA, et al. 15A787 Chamber of Commerce, et al. v. EPA, et al.
15A778 Murray Energy Corp., et al. v. EPA, et al.

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15A793 North Dakota v. EPA, et al.

I agree with Steve that we should direct the States to seek an extension from the EPA before asking this Court to intervene. We could also include, at the end of such an order, language along the lines of the following, to encourage the D. C. Circuit to act expeditiously in its resolution of this matter: “In light of that court’s agreement to consider this case on an expedited schedule, we are confident that it will [or even: we urge it to] render a decision with appropriate dispatch.” See Doe v. Gonzales, 546 U. S. 1301, 1308 (2005) (GINSBURG, J., in chambers); Kemp v. Smith, 463 U. S. 1344, 1345 (1983) (Powell, J., in chambers); Holtzman v. Schlesinger, 414 U. S. 1304, 1305, n. 2 (1973) (Marshall, J., in chambers).

The unique nature of the relief sought in these applications gives me real pause. The applicants ask us to enjoin a regulation pending initial review in the court of appeals. As we often say, “we are a court of review, not of first view.” See Cutter v. Wilkinson, 544 U. S. 709, 718 n. 7 (2005); cf. Doe, 546 U. S., at 1308 (“Re- spect for the assessment of the Court of Appeals is especially warranted when that court is proceeding to adjudication on the merits with due expedition.”). As far as I can tell, it would be unprecedented for us to second-guess the D. C. Circuit’s deci sion that a stay is not warranted, without the benefit of full briefing or a prior judi- cial decision.

On the merits, this is a difficult case involving a complex statutory and regu- latory regime. Although the parties’ abbreviated discussion of the issues at stake here makes it difficult for me to determine with any confidence which side is likely to ultimately prevail, it seems to me that at this stage the government has the bet- ter of the arguments. The Chief’s memo focuses on the applicants’ argument that the “best system of emission reduction” refers “solely [to] installation of control technologies (e.g., scrubbers).” 2/5 Memo, at 2. The ordinary meaning of “system” is in fact quite broad, appearing to encompass what EPA has done here. Of course, we would want to consider this term in the larger context of the Clean Air Act’s regula-

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