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How Trump’s Proposed Arch Could Complicate D.C.’s Congested Airspace

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How Trump’s Proposed Arch Could Complicate D.C.’s Congested Airspace

The mammoth triumphal arch President Trump wants to build would sit under one of the most complex sections of the national airspace — directly in the paths of flights in and out of Ronald Reagan National Airport and just a few miles from the site of a catastrophic midair collision last year.

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Airplane traffic in April 2026

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Source: ADS-B exchange. Composite satellite image by Google. The New York Times.

The Trump administration said on Thursday that the Federal Aviation Administration had compiled preliminary findings from an initial review of whether the proposed arch presented any risks to Washington’s airspace.

But the extent to which those findings, which have yet to be made public, will influence the administration’s plans to move ahead with construction as planned is uncertain. According to a New York Times analysis, the arch as currently planned would warrant further study under at least one F.A.A. guideline.

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The F.A.A. had been looking into the administration’s plan for about a month to determine whether the proposed 250-foot structure — a height chosen to commemorate 2026 being the 250th year since American independence — would pose any hazard to flights in and out of Reagan National.

But in recent days, the National Park Service, acting on behalf of the Trump administration, appeared to change tack, quietly asking the F.A.A. to conduct a feasibility study — an advisory review that is normally preliminary and that, according to the F.A.A.’s own procedures, is usually given lower priority than official evaluations.

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The reason for the new request, which administration officials defended as routine, was not immediately clear. Though the F.A.A. requires proposed structures over 200 feet to submit to a formal evaluation to determine their impact on local air traffic, feasibility studies are voluntary.

Some aviation experts said the administration’s decision to pursue one at this stage could indicate that possible problems had been identified with the height of the structure, which climbed from 250 feet in the initial filing to 259 feet in the feasibility study request, making the top of the arch sit 288 feet above sea level. In that case, they said, asking for an advisory study could be a strategy to avoid the potential black mark of having Mr. Trump’s pet construction project labeled a risk to flight safety.

It could suggest a project “ran into some issues and is more complicated than they had hoped,” said Michael O’Donnell, an aerospace consultant who previously worked as a senior F.A.A. official focused on air traffic safety.

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The change in approach may reflect the sensitivity with which the federal government has approached potential risks in the airspace surrounding Washington since a midair collision last year that killed 67.

In the wake of that accident, in which an Army helicopter flew into a commercial jet 278 feet up in the air just southeast of Reagan National Airport, the F.A.A. shut down much of the surrounding sky to most helicopter traffic. It also instituted new prohibitions against pilots relying on “see and avoid” methods to avoid hitting planes going in and out of the airport.

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Change in helicopter traffic

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Source: Helicopter paths from ADS-B for January 2025 and April 2026. Note: Data for 2025 is from Jan. 1 to Jan. 28, the day before the crash. The New York Times.

An airspace of unparalleled complexity

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Should the arch proceed as planned, some aviation experts said it could be just the latest complication to befall a section of airspace already considered one of the nation’s most complicated.

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Air traffic within a half-mile radius of the proposed arch location

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Path of airplanes,

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April 2026


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Source: ADS-B exchange. Composite satellite image by Google. The New York Times.

Reagan National poses special challenges to pilots navigating the surrounding airspace. Planes cannot fly below 18,000 feet over the National Mall — a wide swath of Washington sitting just north of the airport — and the Naval Observatory, where the vice president lives, meaning that pilots routinely have to make tight turns when ascending from and descending to the airport to avoid them.

Flight restrictions for special events and security surrounding movements of government officials are frequent. Noise concerns in the surrounding metro areas push planes to tightly follow the Potomac River. And two of the airport’s three runways are short, which reduces the margin of error for flights landing or taking off — and contributes to the congestion of Runway 19, which is the nation’s busiest commercial runway.

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Air traffic in April 2026 for Runway 19

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Source: ADS-B exchange. Composite satellite image by Google. The New York Times.

The Reagan airspace has “just about every congested airspace issue that you can have,” said Dennis Tajer, a 737 pilot who is a spokesman for the American Airlines pilot union. “And we know the tragedy that happened — there’s room for error, but not much.”

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A New York Times analysis of federal regulations, traffic patterns and flight procedures found that if the arch were built at the 250-foot height, it would penetrate what is known as the 40-to-1 obstacle clearance surface, an imaginary slope that begins at the departure end of the runway and represents a baseline standard for evaluating the impact of a nearby structure.

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How the arch would penetrate the 40-to-1 slope

Source: Base imagery by Google. 3-D model of the arch by The New York Times. The New York Times

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A structure that breaks through the surface does not necessarily pose a risk but requires further study to determine whether it can safely be built; whether changes such as reducing its height or adding obstruction lighting may be necessary; or whether the F.A.A. could make reasonable changes to flight operations and procedures to accommodate its construction as proposed.

The top of the arch as planned only slightly pushes through the bottom of the 40-to-1 slope — an altitude that virtually all planes would be well above when passing over the planned structure.

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Still, some experts speculated that throwing an arch of such height and proximity into the mix could still prompt the F.A.A. to change flight procedures in and out of Reagan National in order to minimize risk. Such changes could affect the work of pilots and air traffic controllers, limit the number of planes allowed to take off or land, or change the maximum amount of weight they can carry.

“The accommodation may be just: Change other things that make it work,” said Scott Dunham, a former air safety investigator for the National Transportation Safety Board and former air traffic controller.

Buildings taller than the arch are farther from the airport

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While the height of the planned arch would put it among the tallest structures in the airport’s vicinity, the structure wouldn’t break records. Both the Capitol building and the Washington Monument are taller, but they are both located in a no-fly zone. Memorial Circle, the planned location for the arch, is not.

The arch would also be dwarfed by some structures in Arlington, Va., including a pair of highrise apartments in the Crystal City neighborhood and the towers at Amazon’s new campus in the Pentagon City neighborhood, all less than a mile from the perimeter of Reagan National — and all of which were the subject of heated debate and intense F.A.A. scrutiny. But those structures are not under the main flight path in and out of the airport like the location of the planned arch is.

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The nearest buildings that are over 250 feet and in proximity to the climb and descent paths to the airport are clustered in the Rosslyn neighborhood of Arlington, but those sit nearly a mile farther north than the arch, at a greater distance away from the airport.

Note: A 3-D model of the arch is overlaid onto a Google scene. The New York Times

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Several of the buildings in Rosslyn have red obstruction lights to warn approaching pilots to steer clear, a common way to mitigate concerns about height.

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Doug Mills / The New York Times.

Almost 1,700 public comments about the arch, nearly all in opposition, had flooded into the National Capital Planning Commission ahead of its Thursday meeting. Commenters protested issues ranging from its appearance to its significance to its potential impact on flight patterns.

The Department of the Interior, which oversees the National Park Service, said in a statement that feasibility studies, like the one the administration requested, were “standard practice as part of the compliance process.” It did not respond to questions about what prompted the study at this stage or what may have been communicated by the F.A.A. during the previous evaluation.

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Under federal regulations, the arch must still complete the full evaluation to receive a final determination about whether it poses a hazard. But the F.A.A.’s determinations are not enforceable. A notice of hazard would typically prevent a commercial structure from obtaining insurance, a factor unlikely to prevent the president from proceeding if he so wishes.

Aviation experts and former F.A.A. officials interviewed by The Times said they trusted that any actions ultimately taken by the F.A.A. would not compromise safety standards. Among them was Michael McCormick, a member of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine committee reviewing risks in the Reagan National airspace in light of the 2025 collision.

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But “in my assessment, the airspace and procedures in and out of Washington National are very complex and should not be modified to accommodate a new structure being built,” said Mr. McCormick, who previously led the F.A.A.’s air traffic control operations. “Instead, the structure should be modified to accommodate the procedures in and out of Washington National.”

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Sources

Air traffic data shown in this article is for the entire month of April 2026 and Jan. 1-28, 2025, as provided by ADS-B exchange historical records.

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The obstacle clearance surface shown is based on the Aeronautical Information Manual and is not a complete set of surfaces that the F.A.A. will review.

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With a Round of 32 spot already clinched, the U.S. takes on Turkey in the World Cup

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With a Round of 32 spot already clinched, the U.S. takes on Turkey in the World Cup

Folarin Balogun (r) of the U.S. celebrates scoring his team’s second goal with Weston McKennie during their World Cup match against Paraguay on June 12 in Inglewood, Calif. The U.S. defeated Paraguay and, later, Australia. The U.S. wraps up group play against Turkey on Thursday evening. Win, lose or draw, the U.S. has already won its group and will advance to the knockout round.

Richard Heathcote/Getty Images


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Richard Heathcote/Getty Images

INGLEWOOD, Calif. — For the U.S. men’s national soccer team, a loss in Thursday night’s FIFA World Cup game against Turkey wouldn’t change anything.

A win, though, would be history.

The squad’s earlier wins over Paraguay and Australia, plus two losses by Turkey to the same teams, mean the Americans have already won their group and clinched a favorable path in the knockout round, no matter the outcome of Thursday’s game.

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But the American men have never won more than two games in a single World Cup. A third win would be new territory for this team, which has not been shy about its aspirations in this tournament and its confidence about living up to them.

“The group stage is not done yet. We want to end it the right way. We want to end it the way we came into it and continue to build off of the momentum that we’ve been creating,” said defender Mark McKenzie, speaking to reporters Wednesday.

Because the outcome of the game does not affect knockout-round placement, the U.S. can rest key starters who will enter the match with a yellow card. For those players — defenders Antonee Robinson and Chris Richards, midfielder Tyler Adams and forward Folarin Balogun — picking up a second yellow card against Turkey would result in a suspension in the Round of 32. (Any single yellow cards will be cleared after the group stage concludes.)

The team could also choose to ease in forward Christian Pulisic, who is expected to be available for the game after sitting out the U.S.-Australia game with a minor calf injury.

Turkey had come into the World Cup with high expectations. With talented young stars like the 21-year-old attackers Arda Güler of Real Madrid and Kenan Yildiz of Juventus, the team was thought by many — from analysts to the players themselves — to be a dark horse capable of a deep run.

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Federal judge bars Trump from implementing proof of citizenship requirement to vote

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Federal judge bars Trump from implementing proof of citizenship requirement to vote

A federal judge on Wednesday permanently barred President Donald Trump’s administration from implementing most of his first executive order on elections, part of which sought to require people to show documentary proof of citizenship when they register to vote.

The ruling by U.S. District Court Judge Denise Casper in Boston effectively converts a preliminary injunction she issued a year ago, in which she temporarily blocked many of Trump’s efforts to overhaul elections, into a permanent ban.

Casper rejected the Republican administration’s argument that the lawsuit to block the changes brought by Democratic state attorneys general was premature because the rules had yet to be put in place. Instead, she agreed that the Constitution gives states and Congress the authority to regulate elections, and that Trump’s requirements violated the separation of powers.

The Constitution “does not grant the President any specific powers over elections,” wrote Casper.

Among other proposed changes, Trump’s order would have required people to provide documentary proof of citizenship when registering to vote, prevented mail ballots from being counted if they arrive after Election Day, even if they were postmarked by then, and punished states that failed to comply by withholding certain federal money.

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In a statement, New York Attorney General Letitia James said she was grateful the court had blocked Trump’s “unconstitutional attempt to seize control of our elections” and would continue to defend voting rights in this year’s midterm elections.

“Generations of Americans fought tirelessly for the right to vote, and we honor their legacy by protecting that right against anyone who tries to undermine it,” said James, a Democrat.

A voter casts a ballot during New York’s primary election on Tuesday, June 23, 2026, in New York. (AP Photo/Ryan Murphy)

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California Attorney General Rob Bonta, whose state was the lead plaintiff in the case, said the ruling reaffirmed the constitutional principle that it s up to the states and Congress to set election rules.

“While we are proud of this result, we are clear-eyed that President Trump’s attacks on voting rights and our elections show no signs of slowing down,” Bonta, a Democrat, said in a statement. “So let me be clear: we will keep fighting back every step of the way.”

Requests for comment sent to the White House and he U.S. Department of Justice were not immediately returned.

The ruling was the latest in a series against the elections executive order Trump signed just months after taking office for his second term. The Republican president has since signed another executive order on elections that seeks to create a national voter list and limit mail balloting. That directive also faces multiple legal challenges.

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Last fall, a federal judge in Washington, D.C., overseeing a separate challenge to the first election executive order by civil rights and Democratic Party-aligned groups blocked the government from taking steps to include the proof-of-citizenship requirement on the federal voter registration form. That judge later barred Trump’s defense secretary from requiring documentary proof of citizenship when military personnel register to vote or request ballots.

In an apparent nod to the difficulty of implementing a proof-of-citizen requirement by executive order, Trump is pushing legislation in the Republican-controlled Congress to create such a mandate. The SAVE America Act has passed the House but has stalled in the Senate, leading Trump to advocate for eliminating the filibuster that is blocking the legislation.

On Wednesday, he abruptly canceled the expected signing of a bipartisan housing bill, saying he would not sign legislation until Congress passes his proof of citizenship requirement for voting.

The president and many of his Republican allies have been promoting the narrative that voting by noncitizens is a major problem, when in fact it’s quite rare. The federal voter registration form already requires people to attest that they are U.S. citizens. Violating that is punishable as a felony that can lead to prison or deportation.

In another major voting case, the U.S. Supreme Court is due to issue an opinion soon on whether mail ballots must arrive by Election Day. That could immediately change the rules in 14 states that allow grace periods ranging from days to weeks if the ballots are postmarked by Election Day.

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Casper, who was nominated by Democratic President Barack Obama, is the chief judge for the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts.

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Video: Mamdani Allies Sweep New York Primaries

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Video: Mamdani Allies Sweep New York Primaries

new video loaded: Mamdani Allies Sweep New York Primaries

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Mamdani Allies Sweep New York Primaries

Mayor Zohran Mamdani’s progressive coalition had a big night on Tuesday. Brad Lander, Darializa Avila Chevalier and Claire Valdez won their Democratic House primaries.

“I see a New York that we can all afford. I see a New York that truly invests in its babies, not bombs.” Reporter: “What’s the first thing you’re looking forward to doing in Congress?” “Well, tomorrow — thank you — I mean, tomorrow morning, you know, I’m going to be back at 26 Federal Plaza doing court watching, and we want to carry that into Congress as well.”

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Mayor Zohran Mamdani’s progressive coalition had a big night on Tuesday. Brad Lander, Darializa Avila Chevalier and Claire Valdez won their Democratic House primaries.

By Julie Yoon

June 24, 2026

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