When pilot Kenneth Arnold took off from Chehalis, Washington, in his single-engine airplane one afternoon in June 1947, he was looking for a lost military aircraft that had crashed. But what he found was something completely different—something that would set off a cultural obsession in the U.S. that persists today.

While flying around Mount Rainier, Arnold reportedly encountered nine curious, wingless objects speeding through the sky at 1,200 mph, faster than any plane at the time could. Arnold spent years afterward trying to describe what he had seen, reportedly using a term that has been ingrained in the American lexicon ever since: “flying saucer.”

Since then, Americans have been uniquely fixated on the idea that aliens are somewhere in the sky above us—and the number who believe that to be true is growing. In 2019, a Gallup survey found that 33% of Americans believed some UFOs were alien spacecrafts, while 60% felt they could all be explained by human activity or some natural phenomenon. Just two years later, in 2021, 41% of respondents said they believed at least some UFOs were alien-related compared to 50% who were confident any sightings could be explained by human behavior or scientific events.

There are two main reasons that belief in aliens has become so prevalent in the United States: government hearings and pop culture.

America’s film industry has always been one of the most influential in the world, and a wave of science fiction films in the 1950s, like “The Day the Earth Stood Still” and “Invasion of the Body Snatchers,” perpetuated the idea that there are other life-forms out there. This continues today with alien-centric sci-fi staples like the “Avatar” franchise and the “Quiet Place” movies dominating the box office.

Rather than leave flying saucers to the domain of Hollywood, the U.S. government has addressed the question of UFOs, only adding further speculation. In April 2020, the Department of Defense released multiple videos filmed by military pilots that were thought to possibly capture UFOs. In July 2023, an Air Force veteran came forward to the House of Representatives claiming that the U.S. military has been keeping important information on “nonhuman” sightings secret since the 1930s.

Just like it did in the 1950s amid Cold War paranoia, the lore of UFOs is also currently experiencing a resurgence as many Americans grow concerned about national security. The infamous Chinese spy balloon panic in 2023 and fears over being infiltrated by the Russian government have led to many reporting seeing UFOs in the sky. People are also mistaking the spike in Starlink satellites for extraterrestrial activity. In November 2024, the Pentagon announced that most reported sightings of unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAPs, as they’re now known) can be attributed to balloons, drones, and other regular objects, while still noting that many objects lack a sufficient explanation.

UAP and UFO sightings in the U.S. are particularly concentrated in the West, partially because of the abundance of dark sky locations, where it’s easier to spot objects with less light pollution. Those who believe they’ve seen something otherworldly can report it to the National UFO Reporting Center, which relies on volunteers to separate fact from fiction.

While New Mexico and Nevada are perhaps best known for UFO sightings, the National UFO Reporting Center data shows that the state with the most sightings is California, with more than 16,500 reports as of Nov. 21, 2024. But what do the numbers look like in your metro area?

Stacker compiled a ranking of cities with the most UFO sightings in Vermont using data from the National UFO Reporting Center. Data encompasses all reports of UFO sightings dating back to 1995. Sightings with locations listed across multiple cities were not included in this analysis.

For now, the U.S. government’s official stance is that extraterrestrial life does not exist. But if the last century is any indicator, that will do little to curb America’s alien obsession.

Note: The images in this article are stock photos and do not necessarily depict the specific cities or events described listed.

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This story will be updated.

Gov. Phil Scott (R-Vermont) has reappointed controversial pick Zoie Saunders as secretary of education more than six months after the state senate failed to confirm her in the role.

Saunders, who has served on an interim basis since April 30, will reassume the permanent cabinet seat effective immediately, the governor’s office announced on Tuesday. Whether she will hold onto the position a second time remains unknown as she will still need to be confirmed by the senate, which retains a meager Democratic majority. Senators need a simple majority to approve or deny a nominee for the secretary of education seat.

Critics initially spoke out against Saunders — who Scott chose from a pool of candidates recommended by the state Board of Education — due to her lack of public school experience and history with the charter school movement. Tensions only increased when Scott appointed Saunders as interim secretary of education following the senate’s 19-9 vote against her permanent promotion. In response, Sens. Tanya Vyhovsky (P/D-Chittenden) and Richard McCormack (D-Windsor) filed a lawsuit against Scott and Saunders, arguing the governor had violated the state constitution by circumventing the will of the senate. A Vermont Superior Court judge eventually dismissed the lawsuit. Vyhovsky and McCormack are appealing the dismissal.

However, Scott made no mention of the controversies surrounding Saunders’ selection in his press release broadcasting her promotion. The announcement instead centered around her time spent as interim secretary, highlighting her “Listen and Learn” tour intended to understand schools’ short-term and long-term needs for success.

“Since day one, I have believed Zoie Saunders is the right person at the right time to lead the Agency of Education. We face significant challenges, with declining enrollment, student performance, and affordability within our education system, and we need thoughtful leadership to work our way through this,” Scott said. “In her six months at the Agency of Education, Zoie has demonstrated a strong commitment to working with teachers, students, parents, administrators, and community members, so together, we can build a stronger education system. I believe those who have met Zoie have seen how valuable her experience and expertise is.”

Saunders called her position a “privilege” in the press release announcing her promotion.

“I’m incredibly proud of my team at the Agency of Education for the work we have accomplished together,” she said. “The Agency will continue to prioritize enhanced data reporting, collaboration, and statewide continuous improvement to ensure every Vermont student benefits from a world class education. As a parent of two school-aged children, I will always keep students at the forefront of our work. I am grateful to Governor Scott for his confidence in my leadership and his support of the Agency’s efforts to promote education quality, equity, and sustainability.”

Megan Stewart is a government accountability reporter for the Burlington Free Press. Contact her at mstewartyounger@gannett.com.

The response surprised Pattavina, who dreamed up the idea as a way to add some simple, accessible fun to the shop’s mostly New England-produced offerings.

“Whenever I picture a corner store, it has to have treats,” they said.

Using ice cream as a lure for eating your vegetables is a classic trick, acknowledges Pattavina, a former restaurateur who began stocking New England-grown produce after noticing it missing from their local grocery store.

But true to the mission, that meant making sure the ice cream was regionally sourced, too. Unlike vanilla and chocolate, maple comes from New England. Momma’s maple creemees are made from Vermont-raised milk, cream, eggs, and maple. (The shop also serves vanilla and chocolate on a rotating basis — check Instagram for what’s on special when you go.)

“I never ate a maple soft serve, ever, until I became an adult,” said Pattavina. “But still, I didn’t really even understand what a craze it was until we opened.”

On an average day, the store turns out about 100 cones, although recently they hit a record of nearly 200 in a day, and selling out early September weekends. Pattavina expected creemees would be seasonal, but based on the response, they now plan to serve it year-round.

“As long as people keep coming and eating them, then we’ll keep serving them,” they said.

On Sundays, Momma’s offers a rotating cast of sundaes ($9) — a recent special topped maple soft serve with locally-produced marshmallow fluff and Vermont-based goat caramel from Fat Toad Farm, and maple sprinkles.

Some customers who arrive early think it’s a great breakfast food — after all, the machine starts churning out cones as soon as the shop opens, said Pattavina.

Accessibility is a big part of the idea, said Pattavina, including the price point.

“You need to have $100 to go into a restaurant to do the tip and do the meal, and if you want to drink,” they said. “But you could go into Momma’s, and you can get an apple, you can get a bottle of milk. You can get an ice cream.”

If you trade rolling fields and goats for Mass. Ave. traffic, does a maple creemee taste as sweet? From a bank of laundromat-style seats outside the shop, the creemee’s nostalgic flavor seemed as at home in the autumn air as on the farm.

The store features sophisticated fare: natural wines, lavender tea cookies, artisanal beans, and local cheese line its counters. But thanks to the creemee, some of its biggest boosters are kids. Pattavina enjoys when groups of them line up, chaotically debating twist combinations and toppings — only to hear the crowd fall silent when it’s time to eat.

“I think my favorite thing is kids after school with a Ziploc baggie of change that really wait patiently in line, and then, order one, and then take it outside with their gigantic backpack and eat it,” said Pattavina. “Oh my God, it’s just so happy.”

Momma’s Grocery + Wine, 2304 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, www.mommasgrocery.com