Vermont
I love vermont but it’s the season of the mud – The Trek
Day 112:
Good ole classic post zero day. It’s probably the toughest wake up on trail to be honest. I got up at like 6:15 not particularly happy with my life, but on we go anyway. Fortunately it was pouring rain outside, so we forgo getting an early start in favor of not getting absolutely soaked. We had breakfast at the hotel around 8, and hitched a ride back to trail. We were on the road by 8:30.
The early morning was great. For a while. First of all about 10 steps back into the woods we crossed 1600 miles, which is pretty dope. After that, we had a nice stroll for a couple miles down by the side of a river. It’s always nice to walk by a river, except because of the rain it was humid and buggy. Not ideal. But eventually we turned away from the river, only to start our way into a lovely little vertical rock scramble. It wasn’t actually that bad, we made pretty quick work of it.
About an hour into the day we crossed the boarder into Vermont! Only 3 states left to go. Holy shit we’re really getting there. Unfortunately the rumors of Vermud are true. There was a mud field literally waiting for us at the boarder, and it did not let up from there. Probably not helped by the fact that it had just lured earlier. The trail turned into a literal stream at one point, so that was pretty fun to content with.
Originally we thought we were gonna have to make a decision between a shelter that was like 13 miles up and one that was like 20 miles up. We thought the 13 might be better because we got a late start, but by lunch it was clear we were moving way faster than we thought we would be. We cleared the first shelter by 2:30, and headed on the rest of the way.
The rest of the hike was certainly not easy. About a mile past the shelter we crossed a hill with a really nice view of New York (?) to the west. It was very pretty. But immediately after, we started a super steep decent down to a road. It was rocky, and steep, and wet. It was only 8/10 of a mile but it took us like 45 minutes. Don’t worry though, once we crossed the road it immediately went right back up! Ohhhhhh boy.
The climb honestly wasn’t that bad. I made the mistake of pointing out that the shelter we were staying at was half way up the climb. “It could be worse” I said. Famous last words. Not 3 minutes after I said that it started pouring on our heads. And all of a sudden we were soaked again. I swear we did this just like 2 days ago. But yeah, soon enough we were properly soaked.
How long did the rain last? Exactly as long as it took us to get to the shelter. Great! Now we can set up our tents and get dry! Except as soon as we pulled out our tents it started pouring, and they were swamped before we could do anything about it. We spent the next hour or so bouncing back and forth to the shelter, shuttling our stuff and seeing if we could salvage the tents. Eventually we decided to just stay in the shelter. It’s crowded, but everyone seems nice, so it’ll be fine.
Getting back on trail after a zero is always tough. It’s like a taste of the real world, just long enough for you to miss some things before you go again. But todays was surprisingly not bad. I think it’s because we’re getting so close to the end now that I can finally see it. And it’s getting more and more real. Absolute insanity.
Quote of the day: “Remember kids, always dip your stick first. That’s what they say!”
Today I’m grateful for rock highways, dry clothes, and german shepards.
Day 113:
Everything was still soaked when I woke up this morning. Worse than that, it was kinda chilly outside. In a normal circumstance, I would’ve had to put my wet clothes back on to keep the other set dry for a while. But I simply couldn’t bring myself to do that today. Plus it’s not supposed to rain again so I think we’ll be alright. The cold did slow me down through, it was almost 8 before I left.
The morning was started by a pretty steep uphill, followed by a long cruisy downhill. The big excitement came when I ran into a river with no way to rock hop across. I had to ford it, even with the water up to my knees. Fortunately, the one wet piece of clothing I did put on was my socks, so I wasn’t getting a new pair soaked. But other than that, it was an easy morning. And shockingly, less muddy than it was yesterday, despite the rain.
I sat down for lunch at a shelter around 1 o’clock. Today was really a beautiful day, so I set my clothes and shoes out to dry while I ate. The shelter I was at had a really really nice view, so I sat there and hung out for a while. But after an hour or so I decided to press on. There was basically one more steep uphill for the day, and I wanted to get it over with as quickly as I could.
Right after that uphill was another shelter where I ran into Lindsey. We were technically doing another like 2.5 miles, but it was only 3:50 or so so we hung out for a while, took care of some logistics stuff we needed to solve for tomorrow, and filled up with what might be the best water on trail (yeah it was real good). Around 4:30 we pressed on.
The last 2.5 miles felt really really long. But I guess that’s just kinda how things have been going recently. Mostly I was just very very tired, and hungry, so I just wanted to be at camp and sit. We did get there around 5:30, and quickly hung our tents (which had gotten swamped yesterday before we bailed to the shelter) to dry before cooking dinner. The black flies are out in FORCE tonight, but we can’t exactly set up our tents yet cause they’re still wet. So that’s lovely.
Overall today was a pretty good day. It was nice weather, pretty easy trail, and good views. It’s kinda weird being this close to the end. I really have felt the anticipation building for finishing, and what come after. I’m a little worried about, partly because I’m being superstitious and don’t want to jinx myself. But I also don’t want to get so caught up in finishing that I don’t appreciate what I’m doing right now. But at the same time, I don’t necessarily want to drag or slow down just because I’m scared of missing out. I don’t know. Tough balance to keep, but I guess that’s just how it goes.
Quote of the day: “Noah Kahan does not get his coffee here”
Today I’m grateful for sunshine, cold water, and anti chaffing cream.
Day 114+115:
Alright y’all i’m not gonna lie, I lost motivation to journal for a couple days again. I think that an important thing I’ve learned along this journey is that sometimes, you’re just gonna not want to do something. A lot of the time, you can do it anyway! And that’s great! But sometimes you just can’t, and that’s ok too. So that’s what it was for these two days. But I don’t want to leave y’all in the dark, so here’s some quick highlights!
⁃ Crossed Stratton Mountain (second highest peak in Vermont)
⁃ Slept on the summit of Bromley Mountain next to a ski lift! And with an amazing sunset
⁃ Set eyes on Killington for the first time (a full 49 miles before we get there!)
⁃ Had to make it 7 miles with a half liter of water in humid ass weather
⁃ Successfully made it 41 miles!
That’s about all. Sorry these days are short but yeah. That’s what it’s got to be for now.
Day 116:
Well it turns out that after 5 months on trail, there’s still plenty of time for firsts. Today is the first day that we’re getting forced off of trail because of weather. But let’s back up for a second. We slept about 20 miles from the summit of Killington last night. The plan? Get to the summit tonight, sleep at 4000 feetfor the first time since Virginia. Seems awesome right? Well, only one problem. The remnants of a tropical storm are rolling through New England today. And Killington peak is projected to get 3.5 inches of rain tonight. So that’s is NOT an environment to stay in.
So what’s the plan? Well we were gonna take a short day tomorrow and go into Rutland anyway, so we just pivoted that to today. No biggie, it left us with only 8 miles to do this morning. There was a big climb at the start of it, which kinda sucked, but we got a good view out of it at least, so that was nice.
The rest of the day was pretty easily downhill. Except for the end, which got quite steep. But we crossed through a really cool river gorge, so that was kinda dope. And then we got a shuttle into town. Rutland is home of the infamous Yellow Deli. Unfortunately the deli itself is closed, but their hostel is still open! So that’s where we’re gonna stay for tonight. With a cult! They were pretty nice though. And yeah, the rest of the day was spent resupplying, hanging out, and going to the bar to watch soccer. It didn’t actually rain here, but apparently it did out in the mountains, so I think we made the right call. Back to the road tomorrow!
Quote of the day: “Sorry I was just being a bit dyslexic.”
Today I’m grateful for UPS, chili mac, and bear boxes.
Day 117:
Ladies and gentlemen, it’s Killington day. Our first 4000 footer since Virginia. Get excited! We got to sleep in a little bit because breakfast at the hostel didn’t start until 7:30 anyways. The food was shockingly good, and we ate plenty to fuel up. We caught a shuttle back to trail and got started around 9:30.
The first chunk of the day was some classic northeast hiking. And by “classic hiking” I mean basically vertical rock scrambling. So that was fun. A nice way to warm up. I was just thinking about how vermont has been pretty kind to us so far, so maybe my thoughts jinxed us. But it didn’t last too long, we were out of it within a couple miles.
That steep uphill was followed by a long steady downhill. At the bottom we ran into a road, and hopped off for a minute to go visit a local farm stand. They have freshly grown fruit and veggies, and really good ice cream. They also apparently have the best chocolate milk on trail, but they were unfortunately out of it, so we didn’t get any. But that may be for the best, I don’t think it would’ve sat well heading up Killington.
The climb started for real after that. Now, the thing that I forgot about this type of mountain is that the climb is always that steep, but damn is it long. It was definitely steep in places, but the real challenge was just that we were climbing for like 2 and a half hours. But honestly, I had a pretty good time! It was nice to get challenged by the terrain again. It’s been a while since we had that.
We stopped on the of the mountain for a late lunch. There’s a shelter up there that’s a little bit run down, but still a nice spot for a lunch break. To be honest, it was a little chilly at 4000 feet! I’ve kinda forgotten what altitude (if you can call that altitude) was like, but it’s kinda fun! I’m excited to get more of that soon!
We pushed on to the next shelter, where we stopped for another pit stop. At this point it was already 5:30, and we were thinking about whether or not we wanted to push 3 more miles to the next shelter. But when we got to the shelter we ran into a really cool ridge runner and got lost in conversation, so we just decided to stay here for the night. It’s a bit of a short day, but we got a late start so it is what it is.
I forgot how much I enjoy climbing up mountains! It really kicked my brain back into gear, when the physical challenge increased again. It felt a lot like a runners high. If this is what the Whites are like, sign me up! Famous last words lol.
Quote of the day: “Eventually you’ll start like smelling the people in front of you.”
Today I’m grateful for Killington, wind, and cheesy rice.
Day 118:
When you sleep at altitude, you wake up in a cloud. These are things I need to remember now. But it was kinda warm so that was fine at least. Still I couldn’t bring myself to get out of bed til like 7:30. I was on the way by 8.
The first chunk of the morning was pretty easy. A long steady downhill for the first 2 miles was what I had to warm up, and I got to just simply fly down that. After there was a bit of a steep climb, which would become a theme of the day. Somehow Vermont has slid under the radar in terms of states we’ve heard about with pointless climbs, but basically al log today was just up and down and up and down. It kinda sucked.
The late morning had the biggest climb of the whole day, 1500 feet over 2 miles. Honestly, that climb felt harder than Killington, which is CRAZY to think about, but it’s true. My legs were tired when I got to the top, for the first time in a LONG time. But yeah, just on the other side of that climb I got to a shelter for lunch where I ran into Lindsey. We sat around for another like hour or so just hanging out, and finally hit the road again at 1:30.
The end of the day was no better than the middle. First, we had a nice steep downhill to remember how to hike (it took us a second). It was a really pretty down climb, through a whole bunch of ferns and pine forests. They also decided to throw a ladder climb into the middle of the trail for…. fun? I guess? It was pretty funny but I wouldn’t consider it “fun” to climb down a ladder with my pack on.
At the bottom of that downhill we filled up water for the last time today. We had 2.5 miles to go to our stay for the night, and a big old climb to do, but there was zero water at the top, so we had to camel up. And then we started our stupid, last, long ass climb of the day. And it was stupid and long and annoying. But we summited whatever mountain in that was eventually. At the top, there’s a private cabin that allows hikers to stay there, so we hung out for the night. It’s a really cool place, with a nice view off the roof. Good stuff.
Something I feel like people don’t really talk about in relation to the trail is that after a certain point, you start to get pretty homesick. I think both me and Lindsey are feeling a bit of that right now. Again, it’s not bad enough for us to get off or anything like that, but it is definitely making the mental side of things harder. And I’m glad the days are getting harder cause it distracts me most of the day.
Quote of the day: “I just go balls out for a day”
Today I’m grateful for downhill, viewpoints and cabins.
Day 119:
My favorite part of this trail is undoubtedly when old men wake up at 4:30 in the morning and start talking really loudly INSIDE THE SHELTER. Sorry, anyways… that was quite a way to wake up this morning. I did my best to sleep through it but honestly, once I’m up I’m up. not much I can do about it. The worst part is that I was STILL out of camp before all the people who had already been up for 2 hours. But I digress.
When you sleep on top of a mountain, it tends to make your morning pretty darn easy. There’s nowhere to go but down! Well that’s not strictly true. Most of the morning was down, along a wide and well cleared path. There were a few new blow downs from a storm that came through last night, so it was a bit of an obstacle course, but that only makes it more fun! There was one short climb, but it wasn’t too bad. It was also directly through the sun, which made for a very ethereal look in the morning mist. Something something stairway to heaven.
After that majestic moment, it was actually all downhill to a road crossing. Only 6 miles from where I started, I managed to get there by 9:15. While that was a pretty good pace for me, it meant that I had accidentally arrived too early to stop at the farm stand that was just off the road. Or so I thought, but the owner was actually pulling in as I walked by, and invited me in. I stopped in for a quick second, but I had to go find Lindsey. Where was she? Well the coffee shop down the street of course! We hung out there for a while, and then rolled back to the farm stand, where we probably spent another 45 or so minutes before heading out.
Most of the rest of the day was spent climbing. Not all at once, but steadily steadily we were heading back up into the mountains. It kinda feels like we’re back in like Tennessee, because every once in a while we’ll break into the open and see what we’re about to climb up. I’m honestly not sure if that makes it better or worse. But at the peak of our climb we stopped for a quick lunch, before beginning our decent down the other side of the mountain.
The decent was easy. Wide and flat paths, not too rocky or muddy, this is the type of stuff you love to see. And that’s basically how we hiked for the rest of the day. At one point we hit another field where we got a clear view of the mountains in front of us, all the way to New Hampshire which is pretty cool. But we also got a clear view of a rain storm that was about to hit us. It wasn’t too too bad, but we did throw our rain gear on just to be safe.
Towards the end of the day we wandered down into West Hartford, a tiny town on the edge of Vermont. WE stopped with a trail angel for a quick soda and some watermelon, and then walked over to a local business who let us tent out in the back yard. It was truly wonderful. If you’re hiking through there, go see Captain Stache. 100% worth it. But yeah, that’s where we stayed the night! And a mostly uneventful evening it was!
Again, I feel really really good about the hiking we’re doing right now. Im not entirely sure Lindsey agrees. These are the first mountains we’ve climbed in a while that actually felt challenging, so it’s for sure an adjustment, but I love that type of stuff. And tomorrow we finally hit New Hampshire! We’re really really almost there. Holy shit.
Today I’m grateful for lumber roads, waterfalls, and baby powder.
Vermont
Vermont lawmakers reconsider school funding law – Valley News
The future of Vermont’s education system again hangs in the balance as lawmakers return to Montpelier this week to reconsider a sweeping law that would change how the state funds and governs public schools.
Six months ago, Republican Gov. Phil Scott and Democratic leaders in the House and Senate stood together at a bill-signing ceremony in Montpelier to celebrate the passage of Act 73. The landmark law launched a multi-year plan to consolidate Vermont’s 119 school districts into five regional governance hubs and ultimately shift control over school spending from local boards to the state.
“While this session was long and difficult and uncomfortable for some, we were able to come together and chart a path towards a system that better serves our kids and one that taxpayers can afford,” Scott said in July.
But that path may no longer be politically viable in 2026.
The critical first phase of Act 73 — mandatory school district mergers — has ignited fierce opposition in communities across Vermont. That resistance got amplified last month when a task force appointed by the Legislature to draw new district maps rejected the premise of forced consolidation altogether.
In its final report, the group cited “strong concerns about student wellbeing, loss of local control, transportation burdens, rural equity, and a process perceived as rushed or unclear.”
Cornwall Rep. Peter Conlon, the Democratic chair of the House Education Committee, said lawmakers now have to confront the possibility that Act 73 no longer has the political support needed to move forward as originally envisioned.
“Whether state-imposed larger districts would pass the General Assembly I’d say is questionable,” Conlon said. “To be very honest, we’re still wrestling with the question of what the best way forward is.”
A new plan to rein in school spending
The seeds of Act 73 were planted on Nov. 5, 2024, when Vermont voters punished House and Senate Democrats at the ballot box following an average 14% property tax increase driven by education spending.
Republicans made historic gains in both chambers, shifting the balance of power and forcing Democratic leaders to negotiate an education reform compromise with Scott, despite significant resistance within their ranks.
Senate President Pro Tem Phil Baruth said he remains hopeful lawmakers can still move forward with district consolidation. But the Chittenden County Democrat acknowledged that the task force’s refusal to produce new maps has delayed implementation by at least six months to a year.
That delay also pushes back the rollout of Act 73’s centerpiece: a new “foundation formula” that would give the state the authority to set per-pupil spending levels for every public school in Vermont. Lawmakers view the formula as the primary mechanism for curbing education spending, which has increased by $850 million over the past decade.
With property taxes projected to rise another 12% on average this year, Baruth said taxpayers can’t afford to wait. He plans to introduce legislation this week that would impose hard caps on school budget increases ahead of Town Meeting votes in March.
“Now that we have this delay, I think it’s very hard to say that anything is going to produce savings within the next three or four years,” Baruth said. “So I started thinking about, ‘How could we reduce the rate of growth in the education system quickly?’”
Baruth said he has not yet settled on a specific allowable growth rate. He said the growth caps would be in effect for the next two fiscal years.
The proposal has drawn swift pushback from school officials. Sue Ceglowski, executive director of the Vermont School Boards Association, said budget increases are largely driven by rising health insurance costs that boards can’t control.
Imposing hard caps, she warned, would force districts to cut core student services. And she said the proposal comes as school boards put the finishing touches on spending plans they’ve been carefully crafting for months.
“Imposing hard caps on those same school budgets would inject chaos and confusion into the budget process, possibly postponing budget votes until later in the spring,” Ceglowski said.
House Speaker Jill Krowinski echoed those concerns. While she acknowledged the need to address what she called “unsustainable” property tax increases, the Burlington Democrat warned against a last-minute mandate.
“I am concerned that a last-minute pivot to new (a) school budget construct will upend communities and lead to rash decisions that will have a negative impact on our Vermont kids,” Krowinski said in a written statement.
Redistricting or bust?
It’s now up to the Legislature’s education committees to redraw school district maps, though neither has a clear plan for how to proceed.
“The task force, whether you agree with them, don’t agree with them … it set the process back,” said Bennington County Sen. Seth Bongartz, the Democratic chair of the Senate Education Committee. “And so we’re going to have to regroup and figure out the path forward.”
Bongartz said he remains supportive of redistricting but warned lawmakers not to let opposition derail broader funding reforms.
“The funding formula that we have right now is not working, is not going to work, and is putting Vermonters in a position where they can’t afford to pay their bills, so we must fix the funding formula,” he said.
The governor, however, insists that no aspect of Act 73 can fall into place until and unless the Legislature votes to approve new district maps.
Jason Maulucci, the governor’s director of policy development, said the foundation formula depends on economies of scale that only larger governance structures can provide. Act 73 also envisions major reforms to special education, pre-kindergarten, and career and technical education, all of which, he said, require larger administrative units.
“We don’t see a scenario where the foundation formula that we established last year would work well at all with 119 districts of significantly different sizes,” Maulucci said. “They need the protection of scale in order to make the best budget decisions given the funding that will be provided them.”
A different path
Jericho Rep. Edye Graning, the Democratic co-chair of the School District Redistricting Task Force, was one of several lawmakers who drew the governor’s ire for failing to deliver new district maps.
She said lawmakers’ response to the group’s work has been far more positive.
“We have had more often than not an incredibly positive response to what we did, which feels much better than some of the other responses we got from the administration,” Graning said.
Instead of forced mergers, the task force recommended voluntary consolidation and the creation of “Cooperative Education Service Areas,” which would allow districts to share services such as special education, transportation, and IT.
Graning said the task force heard from thousands of Vermonters and received a clear message.
“Don’t try to jam through massive redistricting without public input and without creating trusted bonds within our communities,” she said. “It was almost a unanimous voice across the state saying, ‘Please do not close our schools, but also we know that there is some reform that is needed, but please do so slowly and deliberately and thoughtfully.’”
Vermont
Nursing home bailouts: Why Vermont has given millions to keep care centers afloat – The Boston Globe
For their part, state health officials say Vermont’s nursing homes are a vital piece of the eldercare landscape. Without extraordinary financial relief, they say, the state would have lost even more critical bedspace.
Efforts to address the upstream causes of the nursing homes’ financial crises, like the state’s reliance on traveling nurses, have received far less financial support.
Around half of the extraordinary financial requests from 2020 onward mention concerns with increased costs of staffing, particularly contract staffing. Staff and contract staff make up about 50 percent of total costs in nursing homes’ budgets, according to the state.
Vermont’s nursing homes depend on traveling staff more than those in any other state, according to federal data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
There are many reasons extraordinary financial relief is not a sustainable means to “plug the gap” for nursing homes, “but we needed something,” said Helen Labun, the Vermont Health Care Association’s executive director.
“We don’t want EFR to be a standard option,” Labun said. “It really is meant to be an extraordinary measure.”
An old program meets an urgent need
Despite existing for more than 20 years, Vermont’s extraordinary financial relief program started playing a recurring and sustaining role for the state’s nursing homes only since the COVID-19 pandemic.
The bureaucratic program routes through multiple departments nested within Vermont’s Agency of Human Services.
The Department of Vermont Health Access’ rate-setting division, which sets Medicaid reimbursement rates for nursing homes, reviews requests submitted by facilities. But the funds for extraordinary financial relief come from Medicaid dollars allocated through the Vermont Department of Disability, Aging, and Independent Living, according to the department’s commissioner, Jill Bowen.
Nursing homes, which receive extraordinary financial relief, provide the most intense level of care, serving people who wouldn’t have their needs met in an assisted living or residential care home, according to Labun. These facilities must serve patients on Medicaid to qualify for financial relief, she said.
There are 33 nursing homes in the state, with a total of about 2,847 beds as of July, a decline of nearly 900 beds in the last 20 years, according to the DAIL.
Bowen said the loss of beds in long-term care facilities is worrying given Vermont’s aging demographic, though she said the trend may partially stem from people seeking at-home care instead.
Angela Smith-Dieng, director of DAIL’s Adult Services Division, said the state does not want to lose options for its large elderly population, so extraordinary financial relief is “incredibly important as a tool to prevent nursing home closures.”
One factor leading to increased emergency funding requests, according to state leaders, is the “rebasing” of Medicaid reimbursements. Rebasing, which most recently occurred in 2025 and 2023, according to state leaders, changes Medicaid reimbursement rates based on cost data from earlier years. In 2023, the state altered reimbursement rates based on 2020 costs, which didn’t yet capture the new financial pressures brought on by the pandemic.
In July, the state again balanced reimbursement rates, this time using 2023 costs, which Bowen hopes will limit the need for extraordinary financial relief.
Working with the Legislature, the DAIL advocated for changing how much facilities are paid based on their occupancy, reducing penalties for not meeting high thresholds, according to Bowen.
In some instances, the state has advanced nursing facilities money through the bailout process or provided more money than a facility requested. The state may advance facilities funds if they will not be able to meet payroll for staff, Bowen said, but she added that the state was more likely to provide less — not more — than a company requested.
The state has recouped every advance or was in the process of recouping them, according to the department’s rate setting division.
As part of an extraordinary funding review, Jaime Mooney, the director of the rate setting division, said the state examines a company’s finances and whether facilities are in compliance with state and federal requirements.
After the rate setting division reviews the request, combing through the provided financial information such as past-due invoices and the amount of cash on hand, the division makes a recommendation to the DAIL.
The rate setting division also consults with DAIL regarding possible issues with the care provided by the requesting facility. But Mooney said she couldn’t recall ever denying a facility’s request due to the quality of care.
The state restricts grant use, and facilities cannot pay penalties or exorbitant owner-administrator fees with the funds, according to Mooney.
The facility must also meet reporting requirements, including providing updated financial information, she said.
According to Labun, nursing home owners need to demonstrate they don’t have money from other sources. That prevents companies that own many facilities from shifting their investments to out-of-state homes and then requesting bailouts from Vermont.
In the past, nursing homes had savings they could rely on when reimbursement rates weren’t covering expenses, Labun said. But, during the pandemic, nursing homes’ coffers ran dry, and extraordinary financial relief was retrofitted to respond to the emergency, Labun said.
Nursing homes typically used extraordinary financial relief in one-off cash flow emergencies to “fight financial storms that they might not otherwise have been able to weather,” according to Labun.
That’s now changed, and the cost of nursing is driving the crunch.
Contract staff tend to cost facilities at least twice as much as permanent staff, contributing to nursing homes’ financial distress, Labun said. The use of contract staff in Vermont has fallen slightly, according to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data. But the state’s rate is still exceedingly high compared with the national average, Labun said.
While the nation saw heightened rates of contract staff at the onset of the pandemic, the rates have generally returned to the pre-pandemic norm, said Richard Mollot, executive director of the Long Term Care Community Coalition, a national nonprofit organization.
Vermont nursing homes had the highest rate of contract staff employment compared with those in other states in 2024, peaking at 31 percent in the first quarter of 2024, according to analysis of Medicaid data by the Long Term Care Community Coalition. The national average in the same period was 8 percent.
Mollot said nursing homes often use a larger number of contract staff when there is high attrition among permanent staff.
Staffing tends to be the highest expenditure for nursing homes, and oftentimes nursing homes that work with temporary staffing agencies are contractually obligated to pay contract staff more than permanent staff, said Kaili Kuiper, Vermont Legal Aid’s long-term care ombudsman. That means nursing homes spend much of their budget on filling the staffing gap.
This is a “difficult cycle to break, because there’s only so much money to go around,” Kuiper said. The cycle can also cause poor care, and Kuiper said her office has seen “a lot of issues that are related to there not being enough staffing to provide the care that’s needed,” including problems with response times and hygiene.
Vermont’s demographic challenges are driving the underlying problem of nursing homes’ high use of contract staff, Labun said.
So, in recent years, the Legislature has allocated some funds to rebuild the nursing workforce.
The state put half a million dollars toward attracting and keeping licensed nursing assistants in the current fiscal year budget. That investment was an attempt at addressing the upstream causes of nursing homes’ financial woes, according to state Senator Richard Westman, Republican of Lamoille, who sits on the Senate Appropriations Committee and serves on the board of a rural hospital.
The state plans to draw down federal funds for workforce development from the Civil Monetary Penalty Reinvestment Program that had previously been held up in between the President Joe Biden’s and President Trump’s administrations and during the federal shutdown, Labun said.
The legislative investment was far less than the money spent on extraordinary relief, but Westman argued that prioritization makes sense, given the financial weakness of some facilities. In the last two years, about two-thirds of nursing homes have requested extraordinary relief, he said in a May interview.
“I think one could make an argument that without that help, they probably would have gone out of business,” Westman said.
Staffing underlies the financial challenges, Westman said, echoing others. Investing in nurse recruitment and retention, as well as increasing reimbursement rates nursing homes receive, could prevent the facilities’ reliance on bailout money, he suggested.
Kuiper said that using temporary emergency staff is an important tool. As the state’s advocate for nursing home residents, Kuiper said employing contract staff is a better alternative than allowing a facility to be understaffed.
But in the long run, Kuiper said she would like to see “a stronger movement away from temporary staff,” and for the care community to prioritize strategies to curb the high use of contract staff as the “status quo.”
Former VTDigger reporter Peter D’Auria contributed reporting.
This story was originally published by VTDigger and distributed through a partnership with The Associated Press.
Vermont
2026 Vermont Legislative Guide – VTDigger
This year’s legislative session will help decide what the future of Vermont’s schools will look like under Act 73 and how the state plans to navigate federal funding cuts. Lawmakers will also be weighing housing, climate, health care and other issues that affect daily life across the state.
Use this guide to keep up with the people, bills and budget decisions shaping Vermont. You’ll find tools to help you stay informed and understand what’s happening, along with our latest reporting from the Statehouse.
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This week at the Statehouse
During the session, our Final Reading newsletter rounds up what’s happening under the Golden Dome. Here’s what’s on deck this week:
- 1/6 – the Legislature kicks off
- 1/7 – Gov. Phil Scott expected to deliver State of the State address
- 1/9 – First week in the books
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What we’re watching in 2026
Charting the future of Vermont’s public schools and responding to the actions of President Donald Trump’s administration could define the 2026 legislative session.
Education reform and Act 73
Vermont’s new education reform law, Act 73, sets in motion a multi-year effort to restructure how the state funds and governs its public schools.
Why it matters: Changes to school funding and governance could affect your tax bill, the future of small schools and the services available to students in your community.
Catch up on the latest:
Federal funding cuts and Vermont’s budget
Almost every day, decisions out of Washington D.C. impact programs here in Vermont. Our job is to sort through the noise.
Why it matters: As a small state, Vermont relies disproportionately on federal funding. Social services like food, heating and rental assistance rely on money from Washington. This year, lawmakers will need to make tough choices on what the state can afford to pay for and can’t afford to lose.
Catch up on the latest:
Bill tracker
Track this year’s key policy themes as they move through the Legislature. Each category highlights a small set of bills our newsroom is watching closely. You can browse the bills below using the arrow buttons or search by name or topic. This tool will be regularly updated throughout the session.
Look up your legislators
Use the maps below to find the legislators in your senate and house districts. Each name clicks through to their contact information on the State of Vermont website. Reaching out with questions or input is one of the most direct ways to make your voice heard and engage in the legislative process.
Most recent legislative coverage
“We’re coming back to the basic hierarchy of needs here,” said Rep. Theresa Wood, who chairs the House Committee on Human Services.
The online educational materials for students in grades 3-12 were created by members of the four groups recognized as Abenaki by Vermont’s state government.
Zoie Saunders, in an interview with VTDigger, said that it was “really of paramount importance that we stay the course” with lawmakers due to address a critical part of reform envisioned in Act 73 this upcoming session.

Lawmakers’ ethics and financial disclosures
This tool includes state legislators’ disclosures as they were submitted to the Legislature at the beginning of the 2025-2026 legislative session. Each is a snapshot of what occupations, volunteer roles and other involvements legislators hold outside of the Legislature. VTDigger plans to update this tool with updated information as it becomes available.
Use the search bar below to look for a particular legislator or browse through the pages with the arrow key. The table contains pdf links to each legislators’ disclosure forms, along with a link to their profile page on the legislative website to learn more about the individual.
Senate:
House:
Become a member
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If you think you’ve caught an error or are having issues accessing the information on this page, please contact us at admin@vtdigger.org.

