Massachusetts
‘The incumbency advantage is real’: In Mass. primary, fraction of challengers succeed – The Boston Globe
But those races were the exceptions that proved the rule, so to speak, in a state where cycle after cycle, most incumbents go unchallenged. Of the 200 House and Senate seats on the ballot, only 18 incumbents running for reelection faced a challenge, meaning only a small percentage of the electorate had any choice on Tuesday.
The lack of choice at the ballot box is what one political scientist described as the “most concerning” factor in Massachusetts politics.
“Many people look at the possibility of a successful primary challenge and quit before they’ve even started,” said John Cluverius, an associate professor of political science at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. “The incumbency advantage is real across the country, but the ability to deny voters even the chance to vote against them is much, much higher in Massachusetts.”
Incumbents have long enjoyed staying power on Beacon Hill. Between 2002 and 2022, 79 percent of Democratic House primary races were uncontested, a Globe analysis of state election data shows. In the same period, just 25 Democratic House candidates defeated an incumbent in their primaries.
This year’s political calendar, with primary day immediately after the Labor Day holiday, made it hard for voters to cast ballots. Some are still out of town, and students at the state’s nearly 100 colleges and universities don’t have time to register at new addresses by the Aug. 24 deadline.
There are also countless others who move on Sept. 1, when the majority of apartment leases in the Boston area turn over. In Massachusetts, the deadline to update voter registration information, such as an address, or change political party is 10 days before any election, or before many of those people had moved this year.
Massachusetts law designates the primary to be held on the seventh Tuesday before the general election. That should have meant Sept. 17 this year. But in 2023 lawmakers voted to move up the date at the request of Secretary of State William F. Galvin, a common practice over the last decade-plus. In 2022 and 2018, the primary was held directly after the holiday.
Meanwhile, an effort in 2022 to put Massachusetts on the map with 22 other states with same-day voter registration stalled in the Legislature.
Taken together with the lack of term limits and low rates of retirement on Beacon Hill, “we have a system that is designed to protect incumbents and discourage challengers,” Cluverius said.
“Running an insurgent campaign in Massachusetts is demonstrably more difficult than it is in most other states,” he said.
Amanda Litman, executive director of national group Run for Something, works to promote political newcomers, many of whom are challenging incumbents and are subject to a myriad of other barriers, too.
In primaries, for example, a newcomer may be shut out from accessing voter files, shared tools, or even office space available to other members of their party. Incumbents enjoy existing relationships with endorsing organizations such as labor unions, she said. Fellow elected officials may also hesitate to publicly back a challenger to an existing colleague in a primary.
Litman said despite this dynamic, it’s healthy for incumbents to be challenged, especially in districts where voters may rarely have a choice.
A contested primary “shows that no one is safe,” said Litman, whose group endorsed MacKay, the democratic socialist who faced off against Decker Tuesday.
Decker, in an interview before the election, argued that uncontested primaries signal constituents are happy with their officials.
“I continue to get elected because people trust and appreciate the work I do,” she said. “I deliver and I make laws and I add to the budget. That matters to them. I am deeply grateful that they continue to choose me to this work.”
In the two other primary upsets, the challengers only won after losing a previous effort in 2022.
Mara Dolan, who beat incumbent Governor’s Councilor Marilyn M. Petitto Devaney, ran for the seat last cycle, coming up short by 1,658 votes. So did Tara Hong, who unseated five-term state Representative Rady Mom in Lowell on Tuesday. Last time, Hong lost to Mom by just 56 votes. This year, Hong’s margin of victory was more than 180.
Dolan said she always planned on running for the seat again. This time, however, she spent 18 months campaigning, three times as long as her first run for the Governor’s Council.
“It is difficult to run against an incumbent,” the Concord Democrat said. “If you want to win an election, you need to know it is going to take a tremendous amount of work. . . . Sometimes the stars align. Other times, they don’t.”
Devaney said incumbents such as herself usually get reelected because of their “experience, commitment, and knowing the district you are representing. . . . When you replace someone, you get someone who is not going to have that information or who to go to get things done.”
Mom did not respond to a request for comment.
Hong said his message of serving as a “full-time and active” state representative resonated with voters disenchanted with Mom, who won his first race in 2014.
“There are some parts of the district where they don’t know that we even have a state rep,” Hong said.
Despite the uncertain outcome in the Cambridge race, those on the left celebrated MacKay’s showing against Decker, a high-ranking Democrat endorsed by several members of Congress, the state’s largest unions, and even Governor Maura Healey.
The campaign “was not something that was just focused on getting a specific person elected, but about increasing the attention to the State House in the district,” said Jonathan Cohn, policy director of Progressive Massachusetts, which endorsed MacKay. “That doesn’t go away.”
MacKay had led Decker by 40 votes in an unofficial count late Tuesday before Cambridge election officials on Wednesday hand-counted hundreds of additional ballots, including those from overseas or drop boxes. The new totals show Decker with 3,472 votes to MacKay’s 3,431, a difference of just 41 ballots.
Litman said regardless of the outcome, the challenge will inspire others to run.
“For every Evan who is brave enough to put their name on the ballot, there are countless more who become braver, too,” she said.
A rare upset happened on the Republican ballot, too. In Plymouth County, Republican John Gaskey ousted 11-term state Representative Susan Williams Gifford by leaning further to the right, centering his campaign around his background as a Coast Guard veteran and support for the antiabortion movement.
Because no Democrats ran for the seat, Gaskey will presumptively assume office in January.
“As Republicans, we know the reality of living in a state with a Democratic supermajority. But I got in this race because I believe that Republicans still have a choice — to stand up to the madness and say NO,” Gaskey wrote on Facebook Wednesday.
Cluverius, the professor, said there is one solution “for the monolithic power of incumbency” in Massachusetts: for challengers to run for office and, if they lose, to run again.
“Voters are more likely to reward persistence,” he said.
Samantha J. Gross can be reached at samantha.gross@globe.com. Follow her @samanthajgross.
Massachusetts
The challenges and joys of being a Christmas tree farmer in Massachusetts
Local News
Christmas tree season is short, intense, and years in the making.
Christmas tree farmers across Massachusetts had their own kind of Black Friday this year. On Nov. 28, Governor Maura Healey dubbed the day “Green Friday,” a push to kick off the holiday season while spotlighting the state’s Christmas tree and nursery industries.
While shoppers elsewhere woke before dawn to map out traffic-free routes, scour deals, and stack lawn chairs in car trunks to claim a place in line, farmers were already in the thick of a different kind of rush — one that had been years in the making.
The Christmas tree season, after all, begins long before the holidays arrive. For Meagan MacNeill, the new co-owner of River Wind Tree Farm in Lancaster, this year marked her very first season in the business. And as it turned out, she was unprepared, she said.
Customers began gathering at 9 a.m., an hour before opening, eager to flood the fields and begin their search for the perfect tree. It was all-hands on deck for the MacNeills; Meagan assembled both her immediate and extended family to help out.
The season began and closed in a flash. They sold out of cut-your-own trees the very next day, on Saturday, Nov. 29, and of pre-cut trees two weekends later.
The one word Meagan used to describe the season? “Insanity,” she said without missing a beat.
“I think it’s a new Olympic sport, getting the biggest and best Christmas tree,” she added with a laugh.
The challenges
The MacNeills are one of 459 Christmas tree farms across the state, which operate on nearly 3,000 acres of land and contribute more than $4.5 million to the local economy every year.
Like MacNeill, many farmers sold out of trees quicker this year than in years past (particularly since before the pandemic), according to David Morin, the communications liaison and former president of the Massachusetts Christmas Tree Association. He also owns Arrowhead Acres in Uxbridge, a Christmas tree farm and wedding venue.
Pre-pandemic, he was open for four weekends: Thanksgiving weekend, plus the three following it. He doubled his sales in 2020 during the pandemic. Now, he’s struggling to meet demand with a lower inventory.
“I was lucky to make it through two weekends. I actually shut down early on the second weekend because I didn’t have enough trees,” he said.
It’s not just that individual farms are struggling to meet demand, but that the number of farms nationally are dwindling. Between 2002 and 2022, the number of farms growing Christmas trees fell by nearly 30%, down from more than 13,600 to about 10,000, according to the American Farm Bureau Federation, an agricultural organization.
Why are there fewer farms? Illan Kessler, who operates North Pole Xmas Trees, a wholesale grower in Colebrook, New Hampshire and choose-and-cut Noel’s Tree Farm in Litchfield, attributed the decline to farmers aging out of the industry. This, coupled with a lack of interest from the next generation to continue the business, means fewer farms.
“They get older, and then no one takes over, so there’s less and less tree farms,” he said.
It takes between seven and 10 years to grow a Christmas tree. Farmers are competing not just with national chains like Home Depot or Walmart — which “are super-influencers when it comes to price,” Kessler said — but also with artificial Christmas tree suppliers.
“The artificial Christmas tree companies make so much revenue that they have a marketing budget that eclipses — at a magnitude of thousands-to-one — what real Christmas tree growers have to promote and market their own products,” Kessler added.
Prices of trees have gone up this year compared to last too, driven by inflation and tariffs along with a dwindling labor force and increasing costs of seedlings and machinery, Kessler and Morin said.
Morin likened being a Christmas tree farmer to a “love-hate” relationship.
“The week after you’ve sold the trees, you’re in love with them. But for the other 11 months of the year, if it isn’t gypsy moths or caterpillars or one kind of a bug or another, or lack of rain or too much rain, it’s a constant hassle,” he said.
But despite it all, they wouldn’t give it up for the world.
“It’s like a Hallmark movie,” said Kessler. “We love selling Christmas trees, and we are super grateful to be in this business. I feel so blessed. I love what I do,” he added.
Joy to the world
Meagan and Steven MacNeill had dreamed of owning a Christmas tree farm in Vermont when they were newlyweds, but life got in the way. Before becoming farmers, Meagan worked as a school counselor, and Steven worked as a pharmacist — a job he still holds full time, she said.
“I knew, for me in particular, the traditional kind of 9-to-5 job didn’t feel right,” she said. She started working at a garden center and volunteering at an alpaca farm in Harvard on Sundays to satisfy the itch to be outdoors working in nature. Her husband later joined her at the alpaca farm, and it became their Sunday morning tradition for almost two years.
The couple bought River Wind Tree Farm in June from the Wareck family, fulfilling their two-decades-old dream to be Christmas tree farmers.
But it wasn’t the fairy tale they had dreamed it to be. From learning to identify the farm’s many tree varieties — including exotic Christmas trees such as Nordmann fir, Korean balsam, and noble fir — to navigating drought and pest pressures, the experience was as much a challenge as it was a labor of love for the MacNeill family.
“The way the season looked was kind of a crapshoot because we had no idea what we were doing,” Meagan laughed. “It’s been a big learning curve for us. We still have a ton to learn.”
The MacNeills plan on adding alpacas to the farm next year, and are getting creative on keeping revenue flowing outside of the Christmas tree season by holding photoshoots at the farm.
Despite the arduous work, whirlwind season, years of preparation, and fierce competition, Meagan is grateful to be in the industry — and she’s not looking back.
For many Christmas tree farmers, herself included, the pull is hard to define. It’s rooted in community, tradition, and the simple joy of bringing people together for the holidays.
“It’s the joy of people coming to pick out their Christmas tree, and even having my family be a part of it,” Meagan said. “People coming out and just connecting to the land for a little while, or being with their family, and having these traditions that are not centered around electronics, but just being present. It’s so special.”
The Queue: holiday streaming edition
Massachusetts
Driver charged in Plymouth hit-and-run
Authorities said a driver is facing charges after a hit-and-run crash left a pedestrian badly hurt this weekend in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
The crash happened around 6:30 p.m. Saturday on Court Street. Police said the driver briefly stopped before fleeing the scene.
The victim was airlifted to a Boston hospital with critical injuries. Plymouth police said Monday that the patient is in stable condition and faces a long road to recovery.
The driver, identified as Francis Kelly of Plymouth, is charged with negligent operation and leaving the scene of a crash causing personal injury.
“We would like to sincerely thank the public for the tips provided and for sharing surveillance footage that proved critical to this investigation,” Plymouth Police Capt. Marc Higgins said in a statement. “Incidents like this underscore the strength of community cooperation in supporting victims and ensuring accountability.”
Massachusetts
White Christmas chances rise in western Massachusetts
CHICOPEE, Mass. (WWLP) – There is a chance for snow leading up to Christmas.
In western Massachusetts, the chances for a white Christmas go up the farther north you are or the closer you are to the Berkshires. In Springfield, the chance for at least one inch of snow on Christmas Day is around 40 to 50 percent.
In Pittsfield, the chances are over 75 percent. In the extreme northwest corner of Massachusetts, near North Adams, the historical chance for a white Christmas is over 90 percent. So, it definitely helps your chances for snow if you’re in one of the higher-elevation areas.
How much snow is expected Tuesday
Light snow will begin on Tuesday around sunrise and continue on and off for much of the day until the evening. A minor accumulation is expected in the Pioneer Valley with a few inches in the hills and Berkshires. Slick roads and sidewalks are possible, especially if not treated. High temperatures will be in the low to mid-30s.
What’s the chance of a white Christmas in western Mass?
As of right now, the chances for a white Christmas this year are definitely higher than in the past few years, with some snow on Tuesday. Of course, the best chance for the snow to stick around until Christmas Day without melting will be back in the Berkshires.
December 25 2025 12:00 am
Christmas Eve and Christmas Day both look dry and comfortable.
Local News Headlines
WWLP-22News, an NBC affiliate, began broadcasting in March 1953 to provide local news, network, syndicated, and local programming to western Massachusetts. Download the 22News Plus app on your TV to watch live-streaming newscasts and video on demand.
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