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Wisconsin family farms increasingly relying on off-farm employment to supplement income

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Wisconsin family farms increasingly relying on off-farm employment to supplement income


The economic relationship between Wisconsin family farms and the rural communities that surround them is changing.

UW-Madison agricultural and applied economics professor Steve Deller said that smaller farms are struggling to generate enough income to support themselves, so families are more often turning to off-farm employment to help pay the bills.

Deller said this represents a reversal from the historical dynamic of the farm, where the agricultural operations were supporting the rural communities around them.

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He joined WPR’s “Wisconsin Today” to share his latest research on the decline of family farms in the state and how nearby towns and villages support them.

The following was edited for clarity and brevity.

Kate Archer Kent: What kind of declines are you seeing in Wisconsin farms?

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Steve Deller: We’re seeing, basically, consolidation. Farms are getting bigger. It’s economies of scale. There was a period in the 1980s and 1990s where it kind of stabilized a little bit, but we’re seeing that pattern of further consolidation returning.

What they’re doing is, they’re selling the herds off to other, larger farms, furthering the consolidation. So the number of milking cows is actually relatively stable. It goes up and down a little bit, but what we’re seeing is that more and more of that herd is being concentrated in fewer, larger farms. 

KAK: How is this affecting jobs and the need for off-farm employment to support farms?

SD: The traditional thought is that, for a healthy rural economy, you have to have healthy agriculture. The flow of economic benefits goes from the farm to the rural communities. But when you start to look at the financing of the farm family or the farm household, the data is really suggesting something very, very different. 

Historically, someone would get a job off-farm primarily to get health insurance. Increasingly, that off-farm income is keeping the farm afloat. It’s keeping the family afloat, and because the family is now financially stable, because of that off-farm income, the farm is able to continue to operate.

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KAK: Are there enough reliable off-farm jobs available in surrounding rural communities?

SD: If you start to look at a reasonable commuting distance, it really kind of opens up a lot of opportunities. And when you get into many of these rural communities, there’s still labor shortages. We’ve been generating more jobs than we have people for years. So the opportunity for off-farm employment is actually pretty good, particularly if you’re willing to drive a little bit.

KAK: How should this trend influence public policy for these rural communities?

SD:  I think the takeaway from this research is that we have to think about the relationship between the farm and rural communities differently.

The policy implication is that, if you want to maintain a farming economy — maintain those family farms, those medium sized, intermediate sized farms — you have to make sure that there’s good-paying, off-farm employment that has good benefits.

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So the idea is that now we have to look at this more holistically, and we have to look at how farming and the local business community work together more.

KAK: What do we lose when we lose the small family farm?

SD: I think it’s part of our culture. I think it’s part of the way that we view ourselves. From a purely economic perspective — if I put my cold-hearted economist hat on — these really small farms don’t impact the local economy that much. But it’s a cultural dimension. It’s part of who we are. There’s pride in it. It’s part of our identity.

Also, if you look at things like farmers markets, a lot of the local foods are from these smaller farms. So if we want to maintain local food systems, in order for those farms to maintain, there has to be off-farm income.



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Wisconsin Lottery Powerball, Pick 3 results for June 24, 2026

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Wisconsin Lottery Powerball, Pick 3 results for June 24, 2026


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The Wisconsin Lottery offers multiple draw games for those aiming to win big.

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Here’s a look at June 24, 2026, results for each game:

Winning Powerball numbers from June 24 drawing

13-14-16-21-38, Powerball: 14, Power Play: 2

Check Powerball payouts and previous drawings here.

Winning Pick 3 numbers from June 24 drawing

Midday: 1-3-4

Evening: 7-7-3

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Check Pick 3 payouts and previous drawings here.

Winning Pick 4 numbers from June 24 drawing

Midday: 4-2-3-3

Evening: 1-5-4-6

Check Pick 4 payouts and previous drawings here.

Winning All or Nothing numbers from June 24 drawing

Midday: 02-07-08-09-12-13-14-16-18-19-20

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Evening: 02-03-04-05-09-16-17-18-19-21-22

Check All or Nothing payouts and previous drawings here.

Winning Badger 5 numbers from June 24 drawing

06-22-24-27-31

Check Badger 5 payouts and previous drawings here.

Winning SuperCash numbers from June 24 drawing

09-17-27-29-31-38, Doubler: N

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Check SuperCash payouts and previous drawings here.

Winning Megabucks numbers from June 24 drawing

01-08-12-24-26-27

Check Megabucks payouts and previous drawings here.

Feeling lucky? Explore the latest lottery news & results

Are you a winner? Here’s how to claim your lottery prize

  • Prizes up to $599: Can be claimed at any Wisconsin Lottery retailer.
  • Prizes from $600 to $199,999: Can be claimed in person at a Lottery Office. By mail, send the signed ticket and a completed claim form available on the Wisconsin Lottery claim page to: Prizes, PO Box 777 Madison, WI 53774.
  • Prizes of $200,000 or more: Must be claimed in person at the Madison Lottery office. Call the Lottery office prior to your visit: 608-261-4916.

Can Wisconsin lottery winners remain anonymous?

No, according to the Wisconsin Lottery. Due to the state’s open records laws, the lottery must, upon request, release the name and city of the winner. Other information about the winner is released only with the winner’s consent.

When are the Wisconsin Lottery drawings held?

  • Powerball: 9:59 p.m. CT on Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday.
  • Mega Millions: 10:00 p.m. CT on Tuesday and Friday.
  • Super Cash: 9:00 p.m. CT daily.
  • Pick 3 (Day): 1:30 p.m. CT daily.
  • Pick 3 (Evening): 9:00 p.m. CT daily.
  • Pick 4 (Day): 1:30 p.m. CT daily.
  • Pick 4 (Evening): 9:00 p.m. CT daily.
  • All or Nothing (Day): 1:30 p.m. CT daily.
  • All or Nothing (Evening): 9 p.m. CT daily.
  • Megabucks: 9:00 p.m. CT on Wednesday and Saturday.
  • Badger 5: 9:00 p.m. CT daily.

That lucky feeling: Peek at the past week’s winning numbers.

Feeling lucky? WI man wins $768 million Powerball jackpot **

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WI Lottery history: Top 10 Powerball and Mega Million jackpots

This results page was generated automatically using information from TinBu and a template written and reviewed by a Wisconsin editor. You can send feedback using this form.



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Top 100 Prospect Visiting Wisconsin on Wednesday

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Top 100 Prospect Visiting Wisconsin on Wednesday


Badger Blitz Basketball Recruiting

Cole Kelly (Mick Walker/LR)
Cole Kelly (Mick Walker/LR)



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How Decelise Champion’s early arrival impacts Wisconsin volleyball

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How Decelise Champion’s early arrival impacts Wisconsin volleyball


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  • Decelise Champion, a star volleyball recruit from Puerto Rico, has reclassified and will join the Wisconsin Badgers in 2026 instead of 2027.
  • Wisconsin coach Kelly Sheffield praised Champion’s potential, which is “as high as about anybody we’ve ever brought in.”
  • Champion will join a competitive group of pin-hitters on the 2026 roster after her Puerto Rico senior national team commitments conclude.

MADISON – Kelly Sheffield has coached All-Americans, national players of the year, national champions and future Olympians in his 13 years as Wisconsin volleyball coach.

So Sheffield’s unique praise of Decelise Champion – a star pin-hitter from Puerto Rico who committed to the Badgers last fall – carries a lot of weight.

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“Her highest-end potential is certainly as high as about anybody we’ve ever brought in,” Sheffield said. “She’s got a lot of work to get to where she’s capable of, and that’s on us as coaches and on her to help reach those dreams and goals. But when you’re watching people around her age, she’s different.”

That work is beginning earlier than initially expected after Wisconsin announced that Champion will reclassify from the 2027 recruiting class and join the Badgers as a freshman for the 2026 season.

Champion – currently 16 years old and turning 17 in September – will arrive with a resume that includes experience on Puerto Rico’s senior national team and the elite Italian club Volleyro Casal de Pazzi. That’s all while being strong enough academically to earn a GED degree and the necessary NCAA waiver for a few missing core classes.

“What made it really a lot better is that all of her grades at the different schools she’s been at have been fantastic,” Sheffield said. “She’s an excellent student. Was crushing it at a really, really good academic school in Italy in her third language.”

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The timing of the June 12 announcement accounted for the second-last open roster spot for the 2026 season, but Champion and UW’s efforts to make the reclassification possible go back much earlier than that.

“We’ve known she’s wanted to do this since February,” Sheffield said. “We told our team in February that was the plan. And then we didn’t let anybody know publicly until she was done with her season. She just didn’t want to be a distraction for her team.”

Badgers have even more competition at pins

Wisconsin already had plenty of competition at the pin-hitting positions before Champion’s move to the 2026 class.

Grace Egan had a major role on the 2025 Final Four team, and Eva Travis had an impressive spring after transferring from UC-Santa Barbara. Others include Grace Lopez, Madison Quest and the highly-touted freshman duo of Halle Thompson and Audrey Flanagan.

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Even with the upcoming addition of one more pin-hitter – and one with such a high potential – UW did not lose any players in the spring transfer portal cycle. Even the idea of someone leaving seemed outlandish to Sheffield.

“If they’re just going to get up and leave because somebody came, I would say that that person is probably chicken s—,” Sheffield said.

Sheffield’s praise of Champion’s proposal obviously does not come with a guarantee of playing time either at the crowded pin-hitting positions.

“I would say, yeah, she does have a chance of being out on the court for us this year,” Sheffield said. “But we’ve also got some other really talented people that play the pins.”

The outside and right-side hitters already on UW’s spring roster will have at least one key advantage over Champion in her freshman season – time.

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Egan, Lopez and Quest are returning players (although Egan and Lopez spent their spring recovering from injuries). Travis, Thompson and Flanagan all enrolled in time to spend the spring with the Badgers and impressed in UW’s spring matches.

Champion’s arrival, on the other hand, will follow her participation in an Olympic-qualifying event for Puerto Rico. Sheffield expects that to be Sept. 2, which is the day before fall classes begin and already after UW’s first four matches of the season.

“She’ll be drinking out of a fire hose early on, no doubt about it,” Sheffield said. “Even though she’s been playing with her senior national team this summer, it will be a lot of things coming at her in her secondary language at 16, so there’ll need to be some patience along the way.”

His advice to Champion when she was on campus earlier in June was to “be where your feet are.”

“When she’s with her national team – even though we will have started our preseason, playing matches – don’t worry about us here,” Sheffield said. “Be where your feet are. Be the best you can be for your team there. … Then when you get here, you’re not thinking about your national team.”

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Champion’s NCAA eligibility clock starts earlier

Champion’s reclassification comes with the drawback of beginning her NCAA eligibility one year earlier in her volleyball career.

Had she stayed in the 2027 recruiting class, she theoretically would have begun her college career shortly before her 18th birthday and exhausted her eligibility at age 22. Instead, she will begin her college career shortly before her 17th birthday and likely exhaust her eligibility at age 21.

Those scenarios take into account the NCAA Division I Cabinet’s unanimous approval on June 23 of a new eligibility model that will give players five seasons of eligibility in five years. (That replaces the current system with four seasons, redshirts and other waivers.) The NCAA noted that its decision is not final, however, until the meeting concludes on June 24.

“We’re certainly excited to have her this year, but if you kind of think over the course of five years, it’s probably worse for us that she comes a year early,” Sheffield said. “You expect her to be better at 20 and 21 than what she is at 16 or 17. … It really wasn’t something that we were pushing for, but she was ready.”

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Of course, volleyball at age 16 or 17 looks different for someone like Champion who has been competing against much older players as a senior national team member and studying halfway across the world from her hometown of Dorado, Puerto Rico.

“When you talk to her, she doesn’t come across as somebody who’s 16,” Sheffield said. “She’s very mature, very easy to talk to, very driven. She’s independent. … She’s had a lot more life experience than most people her age, and that certainly comes across when you’re around her.”



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