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Letter: Unlocking the potential of North Dakota’s Indian reservations

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Letter: Unlocking the potential of North Dakota’s Indian reservations


What images come to mind when you think of life on a reservation? Isolated lands, scarce resources, and hardship? It’s time to challenge these stereotypes. Long before European settlement, Native American communities thrived with entrepreneurship and trade. Consider the Native blacksmiths in North Dakota’s

Mandan Villages produced and traded axes

that reached the North Pacific coasts quickly.  Or the ancestral Puebloan culture in New Mexico’s Chaco Canyon around 850 AD, a regional trade and administration hub. These examples underscore a history of economic success rooted in respected property rights.

Despite their rich natural resources,

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U.S

. government policies hindered native economic well-being. Since colonization, American Indians have been wrapped in “white tape,” as the late Coushatta Tribal chairman Ernest Stickey calls their bureaucratic quagmire. This has hampered their ability to build new businesses and become entrepreneurs. Since being declared “wards” of the federal government in 1831, Native Americans have faced cultural and religious suppression. This has contributed to the current reality where

one in four reservation Indians live in poverty

, many depending on federal grants.

Federal government interventions have complicated land arrangements, exacerbating economic challenges that persist today. The Dawes Act and the Burke Act intended to “assimilate” Indians into farming but instead worsened social and economic conditions. The Indian Reorganization Act attempted fix some of these problems, but perpetually locked the status of federal trust allotted lands. Today, land cannot be leveraged as collateral for investment because of these historical policies. For example, the

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Fort Berthold reservation missed out

on a significant opportunity from fracking because trust land requires 49 regulatory steps before leasing, compared to just four steps off reservation. These legal issues reduce certainty and investment in projects that could benefit reservations.

The

Reservation Economic Freedom Index

offers insights into these challenges, measuring economic freedom across 90 U.S. reservations, which includes 42% of all Indians living on reservations in the lower 48. The REFI evaluates regulatory framework, governance, federal contracts, openness and transparency, and judiciaries, among other factors. It reveals that a 10% increase in REFI score increases median household income by $2,500.

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This connection between the REFI scores and economic outcomes is observable in North Dakota’s reservations, each presenting a unique economic profile influenced by natural resources and governance structures. For example, in North Dakota, the measured reservations include Turtle Mountain (6.5), Fort Berthold (6.5), Spirit Lake (7.6), Standing Rock (8.0), and Lake Traverse (8.9). These scores reflect economic conditions and the cultural and historical contexts that shape them. Despite having the lowest REFI score, Fort Berthold, buoyed by oil activities, boasts the highest median income, illustrating how natural resources can offset certain economic freedom limitations.

A multifaceted approach is needed to address the economic challenges faced by North Dakota’s reservations. This includes strengthening bottom-up institutional arrangements that respect each reservation’s unique needs and histories rather than relying on generic, one-size-fits-all legislation. Empowering individual indigenous control over property is crucial, necessitating a critical reassessment and potential repeal of the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act. Cutting through the bureaucratic red tape is another vital step, simplifying governance for more efficient and effective administration.

Further, promoting tribal self-governance and autonomy stands at the heart of these solutions, recognizing the right of these communities to manage their affairs and resources. This empowerment extends to the judicial sphere, where funding independent tribal judicial courts and law enforcement is essential for maintaining order and justice within the reservations. Lastly, delineating and clarifying the overlapping jurisdictions of federal, state, and tribal laws will provide a more stable and predictable legal environment conducive to economic growth and prosperity.

These steps are not just about economic policies but are a recognition of the sovereignty and capability of Native American communities. By impeding business, the current system diminishes income. By embracing policies that encourage business development and entrepreneurship, we can help unlock the economic potential of these reservations, honoring the legacy of innovation, prosperity, and resilience that has characterized American Indian history.

Richard Feir is a research specialist at the Challey Institute at North Dakota State University and Thomas Stratmann is a professor of economics at George Mason University and author of Challey Institute research “Enhancing the Business Climate and Incentivizing Business Development on North Dakota Indian Reservations.”

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North Dakota

West Fargo, two North Dakota tribes awarded $28 million

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West Fargo, two North Dakota tribes awarded $28 million


WASHINGTON (KMOT) – The U.S. Department of Transportation awarded more than $28 million to West Fargo, Spirit Lake Tribe and the Three Affiliated Tribes.

The majority of the funds went to West Fargo for the installation of a road-rail separation with pedestrian, bike and ADA accommodations.

The Tribes were given partial of the funds to design road maintenance and address drainage issues, road widening, and parking accessibility for all.

The money comes from the Rebuilding American Infrastructure with Sustainability and Equity, or RAISE, grant program.

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North Dakota University System Chancellor moving to another job

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North Dakota University System Chancellor moving to another job


BISMARCK, N.D. (KFYR) – North Dakota University System Chancellor Mark Hagerott will be moving to other job opportunities.

The chancellor released this statement about his work for the state: “It has been wonderful to be the chancellor and lead the North Dakota system for almost a decade. I am proud of the work we have done as a system during my tenure. I look forward to ensuring the continued success of the students we serve by assisting the Board during the upcoming legislative session.”

Hagerott said he will continue to serve the state of North Dakota as a professor of artificial intelligence and human security.

State Board of Higher Education Chair Tim Mihalick said the State Board of Higher Education is thankful for his leadership: “He has provided a systemwide vision to higher education that is student-centric and fiscally responsible. We look forward to continuing our work together through the next year and a half, to include the upcoming legislative session, and persisting in our shared systemwide higher education goals.”

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He said his transition to teaching will be beneficial to the state in the future.



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Doug Burgum net worth: How North Dakota governor made his millions

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Doug Burgum net worth: How North Dakota governor made his millions


Analysts think Doug Burgum could be named as former President Donald Trump’s running mate, sparking widespread interest in the North Dakota governor’s life, career, background and finances.

The 67-year-old has governed the state since 2016, but before entering politics he was a well-known businessman and led a software company that was acquired by Microsoft for more than $1 billion. Other business interests boosted his bank balance too; he spent millions on his own White House bid last year, briefly trying to run against Trump before dropping his plans and throwing his weight behind the former president.

Now Burgum’s name has been cited by several political commentators compiling lists about who may be chosen as Trump’s for Republican vice presidential candidate and bookmakers have said the odds are firmly in his favor. Being awarded the role would automatically create a favorite for the 2028 Republican nominee for president if Trump were to win and complete his second allowed term.

North Dakota Governor Doug Burgum visits “The Big Money Show” at Fox Business Network Studios on June 13 in New York City. Burgum could be named as former President Donald Trump’s running mate, sparking widespread…


Steven Ferdman/Getty Images

With just weeks to go until the GOP convention, political news outlet The Hill said Burgum was in the top three “most likely” contenders, along with senators J.D. Vance of Ohio and Marco Rubio of Florida.

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Business magazine Forbes estimated last November that Burgum is a worth $100 million “at least.” The magazine said he is worth much more than his financial disclosures would suggest, though, because some of his riches are likely to have been disbursed in trusts for his three grown children.

The governor had relatively humble beginnings, working in his family’s grain elevator business through school and college at North Dakota State University, then becoming a chimney sweep before entering an MBA program at Stanford University.

Following the $1.1 billion sale of Great Plains Software in 2001 to the tech giant, Burgum became a senior vice president at Microsoft and was awarded more than 1.7 million Microsoft shares, which then were worth roughly $100 million, according to Forbes. He later left the firm and over the coming decades sold stock regularly as well as undergoing a costly divorce from his first wife, meaning that today the Microsoft stock is just a tiny fraction of his overall portfolio and is worth up to a $1 million.

But Burgum branched out into a string of other business ventures. He has also worked in real estate development and venture capital.

Some analysts have said money is a key factor playing to Burgum’s advantage because he appears to have been modeled in Trump’s own image. He has “two things Trump wants: a fat wallet and thick hair,” Bloomberg columnist and former political reporter Patricia Lopez joked in an opinion piece on Sunday.

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While the Associated Press said: “Trump likes rich people. North Dakota’s two-term governor is most definitely rich.” Burgum and his wife, Kathryn, who are said to be extremely friendly with Trump and his team, would bring “money and rich friends to the table.”

Burgum has remained tight-lipped about the VP situation, but he has been a regular face on TV screens as he campaigns for Trump.

Trump told reporters in Philadelphia this weekend that he had chosen who he wanted to join him on the Republican ticket for November’s election but added that he had not yet revealed his choice to anyone.

Newsweek has reached out to Burgum via the governor’s office seeking further information and comment.

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Newsweek is committed to challenging conventional wisdom and finding connections in the search for common ground.

Newsweek is committed to challenging conventional wisdom and finding connections in the search for common ground.



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