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Women are breaking Brazil's 'bate-bola' Carnival mold

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Women are breaking Brazil's 'bate-bola' Carnival mold

RIO DE JANEIRO, Brazil — Far from Rio de Janeiro’s boisterous beach block parties and its world renowned Samba competitions, Carnival is celebrated decidedly differently.

Out in the landlocked working-class neighborhoods, more than an hour from Rio’s downtown, residents celebrate the tradition of bate-bola. Translated literally as ball-beaters, groups of participants, or crews, don colorful clown-inspired costumes. They race through local streets, bashing large balls on the ground, to a frenetic mix of funk, fireworks and fun.

Men have long dominated bate-bola culture and, in the past, fights broke out among competing crews, drawing adverse media attention and stigma. But in recent years, more women have joined bate-bola crews, helping shed the stigmas that have been associated with the long-celebrated cultural tradition in Rio de Janeiro’s outskirts.

Bate-bola crew Bem Feito goes out during Carnival celebrations in Pedra de Guaratiba, a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, on Feb. 11.

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Bate-bola crew Bem Feito goes out during Carnival celebrations in Pedra de Guaratiba, a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, on Feb. 11.

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Andra Maturana, 26, with her son in Bem Feito’s warehouse in Campo Grande, a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, where the bate-bola crew prepares its Carnival costumes.

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Andra Maturana, 26, with her son in Bem Feito’s warehouse in Campo Grande, a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, where the bate-bola crew prepares its Carnival costumes.

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Members of the Bem Feito bate-bola crew work on the finishing touches for their costumes for this year’s Carnival at the group’s warehouse in Campo Grande, a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro.

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Members of the Bem Feito bate-bola crew work on the finishing touches for their costumes for this year’s Carnival at the group’s warehouse in Campo Grande, a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro.

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Bem Feito — Well Done Crew

On the top floor of an impromptu workshop in Campo Grande, 39-year-old Monique Vieira sews two pieces of neon pink strips together, which will make up the mask covering Bem Feito — or the Well Done crew’s faces.

Carnival is done very differently in Rio’s outskirts, not at all how it’s celebrated by the beach, says Vieira. “They like those block parties where everyone parties practically naked,” she says.

Here, it’s all about the costumes. For the past several months, Vieira, a mechanical engineer, and several other members assembled this year’s outfits. Along with the mask, the rest of the costume consists of a whimsical, full-ruffled skirt, incandescent colored tights, feather-embellished vests and headdresses.

And then, of course, there’s the props. As well as the eponymous ball on a stick, each Bem Feito crew member carries a doll-like replica in this year’s theme, dedicated to popular Brazilian singer Marília Mendonça. The artist died in a plane crash in 2021.

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Lohanie Christine (left), 23, prepares to go out with the Bem Feito bate-bola crew during Carnival celebrations in Campo Grande, a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro. A bate-bola mask (right) belonging to the Bem Feito crew hangs on a pole before the crew’s third day of Carnival outings in Rio de Janeiro’s west-side neighborhoods.

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Members of the Bem Feito bate-bola crew travel by bus to several of Rio de Janeiro’s west-side neighborhoods for the group’s third day of Carnival outings.

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Members of the Bem Feito bate-bola crew travel by bus to several of Rio de Janeiro’s west-side neighborhoods for the group’s third day of Carnival outings.

María Magdalena Arréllaga for NPR

Members of the Bem Feito bate-bola crew travel by bus for the group’s third day of Carnival outings in several of Rio de Janeiro’s west-side neighborhoods. With over 400 members, Bem Feito is one of Rio de Janeiro’s largest bate-bola crews and has attracted an increasing number of women members in recent years.

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Members of the Bem Feito bate-bola crew travel by bus for the group’s third day of Carnival outings in several of Rio de Janeiro’s west-side neighborhoods. With over 400 members, Bem Feito is one of Rio de Janeiro’s largest bate-bola crews and has attracted an increasing number of women members in recent years.

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Bate-bola has many origin stories

There is no shortage of theories about where bate-bola’s (pronounced bah-che bowl-lah) mix of extravagant costumes and revelry came from. Some say you can see similarities in the clown-like costumes worn by Portuguese colonizers during their King’s Day festivals.

Andra Maturana, who runs Bem Feito with her husband, believes the celebration was born out of her neighborhood’s working-class strikes at industries long relegated to Rio’s outskirts. “They (workers) would wear costumes and bash balls on the ground as a form of protest,” she said.

The ball used to come from a local slaughterhouse in Santa Cruz in the form of discarded cow bladders that workers dried into hard balls to bash during strikes. Today, bate-bolas use plastic balls.

Maturana wasn’t allowed to join a crew as a kid. Her mother said it was too dangerous, with fights breaking out among rival crews. But now, times are changing, according to the 26-year-old new mom, and bate-bola is overcoming its violent stigma.

“It has long been an extremely masculine culture, but we are seeing more and more women participating,” she said. It took a while for men to accept women into their ranks, she added. When she first joined the Bem Feito crew in 2018 there were only six women members. This year, there are 40 out of the nearly 400 who will parade.

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Joyce Cecília, 27, a member of the Brilhetes all-women bate-bola crew, after the group’s first Carnival outing in Anchieta, a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro.

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Joyce Cecília, 27, a member of the Brilhetes all-women bate-bola crew, after the group’s first Carnival outing in Anchieta, a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro.

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Members of the all-women bate-bola crew Brilhetes gather before their crew’s first Carnival presentation in Rio de Janeiro’s Anchieta neighborhood.

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Members of the all-women bate-bola crew Brilhetes gather before their crew’s first Carnival presentation in Rio de Janeiro’s Anchieta neighborhood.

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The Bem Feito bate-bola crew goes out during Carnival celebrations in Itaguaí, a city west of Rio de Janeiro.

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The Bem Feito bate-bola crew goes out during Carnival celebrations in Itaguaí, a city west of Rio de Janeiro.

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Hoping for more help — and tourists’ dollars

She’d like to see more help from the city, though. Costumes are expensive and bate-bolas don’t get city donations or major sponsors like Rio’s famous Samba schools receive.

“The big benefactors don’t look to bate-bola when they think of sponsoring cultural events,” said Sabrina Veloso, a researcher who has written about bate-bola culture. She’s also a member of the all-female Brilhetes — or Shining — crew based out of the north zone of Rio, in Anchieta.

She says the working-class outskirts of Rio have long been marginalized, with underinvestment. It’s not surprising its celebrations don’t get much tourist promotion or dollars, she adds. Veloso is sure many of the crews wouldn’t mind a few sponsors to help defray costs.

Left: Maria Clara, 10, plays in the street before the Brilhetes bate-bola group’s first official Carnival outing. Right: Members of the bate-bola crew Bem Feito walk back to the bus after going out during Carnival celebrations in Pedra de Guaratiba.

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The all-women bate-bola crew Brilhetes makes their first Carnival outing this year in Rio de Janeiro’s Anchieta neighborhood on Feb. 9.

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The all-women bate-bola crew Brilhetes makes their first Carnival outing this year in Rio de Janeiro’s Anchieta neighborhood on Feb. 9.

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With over 400 members, Bem Feito is one of Rio de Janeiro’s largest bate-bola crews and has attracted an increasing number of women to its crew in recent years.

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With over 400 members, Bem Feito is one of Rio de Janeiro’s largest bate-bola crews and has attracted an increasing number of women to its crew in recent years.

María Magdalena Arréllaga for NPR

Brilhetes aglow after midnight

Undeterred, the all-women’s Brilhetes crew assembled amazing costumes for this year’s celebration. Their bright neon yellow and green skirts and vests were emblazoned with Zelda, a figure in a popular Nintendo video game. On the back is Zelda’s warrior protector, Urbosa.

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Crew leader Vanessa Amorim says she is saddened when she is in other parts of Rio and residents say they’ve never heard of bate-bola. Or if they have, they disparage it. She and other crew members have taken to holding bate-bola workshops at schools near Rio’s beaches.

The city now holds an annual costume competition for the bate-bolas in downtown.

Amorim says she’ll keep sharing bate-bola culture. “We keep fighting and persisting,” she said while getting ready to don her feathered costume and head out onto the streets amid deafening funk music and fireworks.

With their balls bashing on the concrete, the Bilhetes take off. Their companion men’s crew, the Turma Do Brilho — or Shine, walk alongside them.

“These days, even the men are accepting us as equals,” Amorim said. “We no longer parade behind them, nor in front. We are doing it side by side.”

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Sabrina Dias Veloso, 35, (left) a researcher and member of the Brilhetes bate-bola crew, and Vanessa de Souza Amorim, 31, (right) the leader of the Brilhetes bate-bola crew, after the group’s first Carnival outing in Anchieta, a neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro.

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Older members of the bate-bola crew Brilho help the children of the crew make their first Carnival outing in Rio de Janeiro’s Anchieta neighborhood on Feb. 9.

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Older members of the bate-bola crew Brilho help the children of the crew make their first Carnival outing in Rio de Janeiro’s Anchieta neighborhood on Feb. 9.

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Bate-bola crew Bem Feito goes out during Carnival celebrations in Rio de Janeiro’s Pedra de Guaratiba neighborhood on Feb. 11.

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Bate-bola crew Bem Feito goes out during Carnival celebrations in Rio de Janeiro’s Pedra de Guaratiba neighborhood on Feb. 11.

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Retired, they moved from 6 bedrooms to a tiny L.A. ADU built in 3.5 months

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Retired, they moved from 6 bedrooms to a tiny L.A. ADU built in 3.5 months

Ever wondered how long it would take to build an accessory dwelling unit, or ADU, in your backyard?

In the case of Alvaro “Al” and Nenette Alcazar, a retired couple, who downsized from a six-bedroom home in New Orleans to a one-bedroom ADU in Los Angeles, it took just 3½ months.

“We went on vacation to the Philippines in November, right as they were getting started on construction,” Al says of the ADU his son Jay Alcaraz and his partner Andy Campbell added behind their home in Harbor Gateway. “When we returned in March of this year, the house was ready for us.”

The Alcazars were surprised by the rapid completion of their new 570-square-foot modular home by Gardena-based Cover. By the time construction was finished, they hadn’t yet listed their New Orleans home, where they lived for 54 years while raising their two sons.

Andy Campbell, seated left, and his partner Jay Alcazar’s home is reflected in the windows of the ADU where Alcazar’s parents Al and Nenette Alcazar, standing, now reside.

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Jay Alcazar and Andy Campbell's backyard in Harbor Gateway before they added an ADU.

Jay Alcazar and Andy Campbell’s backyard in Harbor Gateway before they added an ADU.

(Jay Alcazar)

Alexis Rivas, co-founder and CEO of Cover, was also surprised by how quickly the ADU was permitted, taking just 45 days. “The total time from permit submittal to certificate of occupancy was 104 days,” he says, crediting the city’s Standard Plan and the ADU’s integrated panelized system for making it the fastest Clover has ever permitted.

For Al, a longtime religious studies professor at Loyola University New Orleans and community organizer, the construction process was more than just demolition and site prep. Seeing the Cover workers collaborate on their home reminded him of “bayanihan,” a Filipino core value emphasizing community unity and collective action.

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“Both of my parents were public school teachers,” says Al, who was exiled from the Philippines in 1972. “When they moved to a village where there were no schools, the parents were so happy their children wouldn’t have to walk to another village to go to school that they built them a home.”

A living room of an ADU with a yellow chair and orange sofa
A dining room with a birch dining table and red area rug

“It’s only one bedroom but we love it,” says Nenette Alcazar. “It’s the right size for two people.”

Like his childhood home in the village of Cag-abaca, Al says his and Nenette’s ADU “felt like a community built it somewhere and carried it into the garden for us to live in.” Only in this instance, the home was not a Nipa hut made of bamboo but a home made of steel panels manufactured in a factory in Gardena and installed on-site.

Jay Alcaraz, 40, and Campbell, 43, had been renting a house in Long Beach for three years when they started looking for a home to buy in 2022. Initially, they had hoped to stay in Long Beach, but when they realized they couldn’t afford it, they broadened their search to include Harbor Gateway. “It was equidistant to my job as a professor of critical studies at USC, and Jay’s job as a senior product manager at Stamps.com near LAX,” Campbell says.

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When they eventually purchased a three-bedroom Midcentury home that needed some work, they were delighted to find themselves in a neighborhood filled with multigenerational households within walking distance of Asian supermarkets and restaurants.

A wood-clad ADU and deck in a garden
Orange tree
Purple sage

The ADU does not overwhelm the backyard. “It looks like a house in a garden,” says Al Alcazar.

“We can walk to everything,” says Jay. “The post office. The deli. The grocery store. We love Asian food, and can eat at a different Asian restaurant every day.”

Adds Campbell: “We got the same thing we had in Long Beach here, plus space for an ADU.”

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At a time when multigenerational living is growing among older men and women in the United States, according to the Pew Research Center, it’s not surprising that the couple began considering an ADU for Jay’s parents soon after purchasing their home, knowing that Al and Nenette, who no longer drives, would feel comfortable in the neighborhood.

They started by reviewing ADUs that the city has pre-approved for construction as part of the ADU Standard Plan Program on the city’s Building and Safety Department website. The initiative, organized by former L.A. Mayor Eric Garcetti’s office in collaboration with Building and Safety in 2021, was designed to simplify the lengthy permitting process and help create more housing.

A white bathroom.
A hallway leads to a bedroom.

The 570-square-foot house has a single bedroom and bathroom.

Jay and Al Alcazar have coffee in the kitchen of their ADU.

Jay and Al Alcazar have coffee in the kitchen of the ADU.

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They reached out to several potential architects and secured a line of credit for $300,000. They decided to go with Cover after touring its facility and one of its completed ADUs. “We liked that they were local and their facility was five minutes away from us,” Campbell says.

The couple originally envisioned removing their backyard pergola and lawn and adding an L-shaped ADU. But after consulting with Rivas, they decided on a rectangular unit with large-format glass sliders and warm wood cladding to preserve the yard.

The configuration was the right choice, as the green space between the two homes, which includes a deck and drought-tolerant landscaping, serves as a social hub for both couples, who enjoy grilling, sharing meals at the outdoor dining table and gardening. Just a few weeks ago, the family celebrated Al’s 77th birthday in the garden along with their extended family.

Nenette, a self-described “green thumb,” is delighted by the California garden’s bounty, including oranges, lemons, guava trees and camellias. “I can see the palm trees moving back and forth and the hummingbirds in the morning,” she says.

A family of four visits in an open dining room and kitchen.

“They’re a lot of fun,” Jay Alcazar says of his parents. “They are great dinner companions.”

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Although some young couples might hesitate to live close to their parents and in-laws, Jay and Campbell see their ADU as a convenient way to stay close and support Jay’s parents as they age in place.

Besides, Jay says, they’re a lot of fun. “They are great dinner companions,” he says.

Campbell, who enjoys having coffee on the outdoor patio with Al, agrees. “When I met them for the first time 12 years ago, they had a group over for dinner and hosted a karaoke party until 3 a.m.,” he said. “I was like, ‘Is this a regular thing?’”

A hand-carved teak bed
A family photo and accessories on a bedside table

A teak bed from the Philippines and family mementos help to make the new ADU feel like home.

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Unlike the Alcazars’ spacious 1966 home in New Orleans, their new ADU’s interiors are modern and simple, with white oak floors and cabinets and Bosch appliances, including a stackable washer and dryer. Despite downsizing a lifetime of belongings, Al and Nenette were able to keep a few things that help make the ADU feel like home. In the living room, mother of pearl lamps and wood-carved side tables serve as a reminder of their old house. In their bedroom, a hand-carved teak bed from the Philippines, still showing signs of water damage from Hurricane Katrina, was built by artisans in Nenette’s family.

“Madonna and Jack Nicholson both ordered this bed,” Nenette says proudly.

Wood cladding

The couple chose a thermally processed wood cladding for its warmth. “It will develop a silver hue over time,” says Alexis Rivas of Cover. “It’s zero maintenance.”

But one thing didn’t work out in their move West. When they realized their sofa would take up too much room in the 8-foot portable storage pod they rented in New Orleans, they decided to purchase an IKEA sleeper sofa in L.A. It’s now in the mix along with their personal artifacts and family photos that further add memories to the interiors, including a reproduction of the Last Supper, a common tradition in many Filipino homes symbolizing the importance of coming together to share meals. With limited storage, the families share the two-car garage, where Al stores his tools.

“It’s only one bedroom, but we love it,” says Nenette, 79, of the ADU, which cost $380,000. “It’s just the right size for two people.”

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The ADU feels private, both couples say, thanks to the 9-foot-long custom curtains they ordered online from Two Pages Curtains. “When the curtains are open, we know they are awake, and when their curtains are down, we know to leave them alone,” Jay says, laughing at their ritual.

In terms of aging in place, the ADU can accommodate a wheelchair or walker if necessary, and Rivas says a custom wheelchair ramp can be added later if necessary.

Now, if only Jay could mount the flat-screen television on the wall, Al says, teasing his son. It’s hard to escape dad jokes when he’s living in your backyard — and that’s the point.

“It’s really nice having them here,” Andy says.

Jay Alcazar and Andy Campbell pose at a dining room table.
Al and Nenette Alcazar in their living room.

Jay Alcazar and Andy Campbell enjoy having Al and Nenette Alcazar close. “They feel like neighbors,” Jay says.

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After losing his family and home in the Philippines when Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law in the country, Al, who once studied to be a priest, says he’s deeply moved to be the recipient of the bayanihan spirit once again.

“I was tortured in the Philippines, and it didn’t break me,” he says. “So having a home built by a friendly community really points to a shorter but more spiritual meaning of bayanihan, which is, ‘when a group of friends,’ as my grandma Marta used to say, ‘turns your station of the cross into a garden with a rose.’ Now, we have Eden here in my son’s backyard.”

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Her 1951 walkout helped end school segregation. Now her statue is in the U.S. Capitol

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Her 1951 walkout helped end school segregation. Now her statue is in the U.S. Capitol

A model of the statue of Barbara Rose Johns pictured in 2023, two years before the real thing was unveiled at the U.S. Capitol.

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In 1951, a Black teenager led a walkout of her segregated Virginia high school. On Tuesday, her statue replaced that of a Confederate general in the U.S. Capitol.

Barbara Rose Johns was 16 when she mobilized hundreds of students to walk out of Farmville’s Robert Russa Moton High School to protest its overcrowded conditions and inferior facilities compared to those of the town’s white high school.

That fight was taken up by the NAACP and eventually became one of the five cases that the U.S. Supreme Court reviewed in Brown v. Board of Education, whose landmark 1954 ruling declared school segregation unconstitutional.

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“Before the sit-ins in Greensboro, before the Montgomery bus boycott, there was the student strike here in 1951, led by Barbara Johns,” Cameron Patterson told NPR in 2020, when he led the Robert Russa Moton Museum, located on the former school grounds.

Johns’ bronze statue is the latest addition to Emancipation Hall, a gathering place in the U.S. Capitol Visitor Center that houses many of the 100 statues representing each state.

Every state legislature gets to honor two notable individuals from its history with statues in the Capitol. For over a century, Virginia was represented by George Washington and, until a few years ago, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee.

Lee’s statue was hoisted out of the Capitol — at the request of then-Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam, a Democrat — in December 2020, the year that a nationwide racial reckoning spurred the removal of over 100 Confederate symbols across the U.S.

The same month, Virginia’s Commission on Historical Statues in the United States Capitol voted unanimously to select a statue of Johns to replace it. Johns, who died in 1991, was chosen from a list of 100 names and five finalists, including Pocahontas and Maggie Lena Walker, the first Black woman to serve as president of a U.S. bank.

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Exactly five years and a multi-step approval process later, the 11-foot statue — created by Maryland artist Steven Weitzman — has finally moved in. It shows a teenage Johns standing at a podium, raising a book overhead mid-rallying cry.

Its pedestal is engraved with the words: “Are we going to just accept these conditions, or are we going to do something about it?”

Johns is credited with helping end school segregation

Johns was born in New York City in March 1935, and moved to Virginia’s Prince Edward County during World War II to live on her grandmother’s — and later, father’s — farm.

According to the Moton Museum, Johns — the niece of civil rights pioneer the Rev. Vernon Johns — grew increasingly frustrated by the lack of resources at her school. Classrooms were located in free-standing tar-paper shacks that lacked proper plumbing, with no science laboratories, cafeteria or gymnasium at all.

She later wrote in an unpublished memoir that when she finally took her concerns to a teacher, they responded, “Why don’t you do something about it?” She felt dismissed at first, but gave the idea more thought and decided to unite the student council members to coordinate a strike.

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“We would make signs and I would give a speech stating our dissatisfaction and we would march out [of] the school and people would hear us and see us and understand our difficulty and would sympathize with our plight and would grant us our new school building and our teachers would be proud and the students would learn more and it would be grand,” Johns wrote, according to the museum.

On April 23, 1951, Johns gathered all 450 students in the auditorium and convinced them to walk out, to protest their school’s conditions and campaign for a new building. The strike lasted roughly two weeks and caught the attention of the NAACP.

NAACP lawyers Spottswood Robinson and Oliver Hill filed a lawsuit (Davis et al. v. County School Board of Prince Edward County, Virginia) in federal court, challenging the constitutionality of segregated education in the county’s schools.

The court ultimately sided with the county, but did order that its Black schools be made physically equal to white schools. A new Black Moton High School — known as “Moton 2” — was built in 1953 to avoid integration.

The following year, the Supreme Court declared school segregation unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Ed, based on the Farmville case and four others from across the country. But it took years for the ruling to actually be enforced throughout the U.S., especially in Virginia, which enacted a set of anti-integration laws that came to be known as “Massive Resistance.”

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Prince Edward County schools were officially integrated in 1964, after being closed for five years in an attempt to avoid it. Moton 2 was reopened as the Prince Edward County High School and remained in use until 1993.

As for Johns, she was sent after the walkout to live with relatives and finish her schooling in Alabama due to safety concerns. She attended Spelman College and graduated from Drexel University before working as a librarian for Philadelphia Public Schools. She married the Rev. William Powell, with whom she raised five children before her death at age 56.

Johns has been recognized in Virginia over the years. Her story is now a required part of lessons in the public school curricula. In 2017, the Virginia Attorney General’s Offices were renamed in her honor. And the following year, the Virginia General Assembly designated April 23 — the anniversary of the walkout — as Barbara Johns Day statewide.

Johns’ sister, Joan Johns Cobbs, told member station VPM last year that their family is honored by this newest tribute in the nation’s capital.

“I think Virginia is trying to correct some of its inequities,” Johns Cobbs said. “I think the fact that they chose her was one way they are trying to rectify what happened in the past.”

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Bucking a trend in 2025

Plans for Johns’ statue have been in motion since well before President Trump’s second term, which has been marked by a rollback in diversity initiatives and the reinstallment of Confederate monuments.

One of Trump’s executive orders along those lines, aimed at “restoring truth and sanity to American history,” calls on the secretary of the Interior to restore public monuments and markers on federal lands that have been changed or removed since 2020.

In October, a statue of Confederate Gen. Albert Pike was reinstalled in a D.C. park, five years after protesters tore it down and set it ablaze.

As is customary, state leaders and members of Congress will be in attendance at Tuesday’s statue unveiling. Among them will be House Speaker Mike Johnson as well as Virginia Gov. Glenn Youngkin, a Republican who campaigned in part against critical race theory and has eliminated DEI initiatives in office.

Sen. Tim Kaine, D-Va., who also plans to attend the ceremony, issued a statement beforehand praising Johns’ “incredible bravery and leadership she displayed when she walked out of Moton High School.”

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“I’m thrilled that millions of visitors to the U.S. Capitol, including many young people, will now walk by her statue and learn about her story,” he added. “May she continue to inspire generations to stand up for equality and justice.”

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Noah Schnapp Says There Were Tears on ‘Stranger Things’ Set After Filming Finale

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Noah Schnapp Says There Were Tears on ‘Stranger Things’ Set After Filming Finale

‘Stranger Things’ Noah Schnapp
Tears Flowed After Filming Wrapped …
Finale Is Super Sad!!!

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