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At your service: A restaurant maître d' tells all in 'Your Table Is Ready'

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At your service: A restaurant maître d' tells all in 'Your Table Is Ready'


DAVID BIANCULLI, HOST:

This is FRESH AIR. I’m Dave Bianculli.

Across his career, Michael Cecchi-Azzolina says he’s been threatened, cursed at, punched and called every ugly name imaginable. He’s also had people press a hundred dollar bill into his hand, sometimes more than one of them. That’s because for years he controlled a very valuable commodity – the tables at high-end Manhattan restaurants. He’s written about his experience in his memoir, “Your Table Is Ready: Tales Of A New York City Maitre D’,” now out in paperback. Cecchi-Azzolina has encountered celebrities, captains of finance, plenty of nice regular folks and one bona fide mobster who repeatedly threatened him due to a perceived slight. In his book, Cecchi-Azzolina takes us behind the scenes of the restaurant world where we learn who gets choice tables and who doesn’t, but also how restaurant staffs in the 1980s and ’90s worked, fought and loved in adrenaline-fuelled workplaces where booze and cocaine were plentiful. Michael Cecchi-Azzolina has worked as a server, maitre d’ and manager in several exclusive restaurants. Last year, he opened his own bar and grill in New York called Cecchi’s. He spoke with NPR contributor Dave Davies in 2022.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED NPR BROADCAST)

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DAVE DAVIES: Well, Michael Cecchi-Azzolina, welcome to FRESH AIR.

MICHAEL CECCHI-AZZOLINA: Thank you so much. It’s great to be here, Dave.

DAVIES: So when you were a maitre d’ at a lot of pretty exclusive place – there was one called The River Cafe, which had this – was on a barge in the East River – had this spectacular view of Manhattan. And people would come in and ask for a window table – you know, normal folks who are there on a special occasion – and they would see all the window tables are empty. And you would be steering them to the middle of the room, and they would say, hey, hey, can’t you help me here? Don’t we – we’d love to do this. What would you do?

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: You know, it was one of the hardest things in the world to do. There were nine window tables, and generally, every evening, each table was spoken for. Now, were they spoken for when we opened at 5:30? No. Would people start coming 6:30, at 7? Absolutely.

So you have a guest that’s waited a month for a reservation. It’s the wife’s anniversary or birthday or the husband’s anniversary or birthday. And they see these incredible tables, staring at probably the most incredible view of any restaurant in the world, and they’re not allowed to sit there. Well, people get really, really angry. And what do you do?

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First, you tell them I’m so sorry, but those tables are already reserved. What do you mean they’re reserved? There’s no one in the restaurant. Well, they’ve been spoken for by a number of people. Well, who? Well, you can’t tell who the tables are for. You’re not allowed to do that. It’s bad policy.

So you can’t say who they’re for. You can’t say – especially at The River Cafe, the owner never wanted us to say it was held by the owner. So you just have to really deal with irate people quite a bit. And so, you know, you try to get them a nicer table. I’m so sorry. I can’t do this – which leads to a lot of anger, hence me being punched, cursed at, yelled at, screamed at. Most people are very nice about it. And when you can, you’ll give them that window table.

Now, someone walks in, and they want a window table, hands me a hundred dollar bill. What do I do here? Can I give a table up? Sometimes, yes, you can do that because you know that they’re there at 5:30 or 6 o’clock and you need a table at 8 o’clock for, oh, let’s say Barbra Streisand. You’ll say, look, I can do this for you. I’ll need the table back at a certain time. Or you just go for it and say, hopefully somebody’s going to be late.

So, yeah, so tipping absolutely always helps. Being nice always helps. I’ve given a window table and gotten myself into trouble because this lovely couple was there for their 30th or 40th anniversary, and there’s no way I wasn’t going to give them the best table in the restaurant. That’s where you take the risks, and it comes back and haunts you sometimes.

DAVIES: So you’ve got some discretion here. What should we know about whether to tip the maitre d’ or not? Should you always do it? Should you do it when you’re looking for a special favor? How much should you tip?

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CECCHI-AZZOLINA: If you are not known and you’re walking into the restaurant for the first time and you really want to eat there and you’re told very nicely and very politely by the maitre d’ that, I’m so sorry, there’s nothing available, I would absolutely tip that person. I do it. If I go out and I need a table, I will do it all the time. And I’ll tip on the way in.

That pretty much guarantees you either the answer that, yes, you’re going to get the table or I’m sorry, I cannot do this at all. I’ve been handed – at Le Coucou, someone handed me five brand-new hundred dollar bills for a table for the next night, and I turned them down. I didn’t have it. And nor was I going to be bought for a table. That I won’t do.

DAVIES: And in that circumstance, you hand them the money back?

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: I handed it right back to them, yeah. My host next to me, their jaws dropped. They couldn’t believe I did that. But, you know, I don’t want to be bought, for one. I don’t want to be indebted for not-great reasons. It just never sat well with me. But have I taken these tips? Of course I have. People are showing gratitude, and I’m in the hospitality business and that’s what you do – the basis of the business.

DAVIES: How do you hand someone the bill? Do you – is it the handshake with the bill in the palm? I mean…

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CECCHI-AZZOLINA: Yes. It’s usually – it’s folded. Yeah, it’s folded and it goes in your hand. Though there are those people that walk in the door with swag and they put the hundred dollar bill right down on the stand. That’s for you, sir. If you can help me, I’d truly appreciate it. So – but the best way to do it is to – just to put it into someone’s hand and shake them. See, if you can help me, I’d appreciate it.

DAVIES: You’ve got to be a diplomat here because, you know, people make absurd demands at times. I mean – you know, about the food, about the seating, about the noise, about the temperature or whatever. You describe one person that you nicknamed the Shah, I guess, because he’s so imperious. How do you summon, you know, the gracious kind of voice that you need to deal with that?

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: It can sometimes be the most difficult thing in the world, when this person that you’re dealing with is truly obnoxious and hateful. We’re in the hospitality business, you know? We’re there to make everyone feel welcome. And you do your best. You try. This particular person was egregiously awful. And I probably – and I don’t know why I let this person stay in the restaurant and took his reservations beyond that. I have no idea why I did it, but I did it. And you just summon up this inner hospitable gene that we all have, those – these lifers in the business who we are – and you try and make the best of it. Though I have thrown people out. I just will not take their crap, for lack of a better word.

DAVIES: Well, I thought maybe I – we do a little mini-role-play here where you show me the voice that you use when the answer is no. And this is kind of from something that is in the book. I’m arriving. I’m the assistant of a very important person who I haven’t named and had asked when we called for the reservation for a private room. This is at Le Coucou, where there are no private tables. And we arrive early. And so I’m arriving, and I say, well, you know, as you know, the person I’m with is extremely important. He can’t be in a public place. So I assume you have a private room or a private table for us.

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: We don’t. This is a public restaurant. We have no private rooms. I’m so sorry.

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DAVIES: Now, you can’t – you don’t understand her. This person is dating a member of the British royal family. He simply can’t be – she simply can’t be out among the public. There’s – there are partitions. There must be some way you can accommodate us sir, right?

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: There absolutely is not. Like I said, it’s a public restaurant, and people come here to dine and to be seen. If your guest doesn’t want to be seen, I suggest perhaps this is not the best place for you. But I have no private space, nor do I have a partition. I can seat you at a corner table, but there’ll only be one other person next to you. But you’re still in the middle of a very public dining room.

DAVIES: All right. And in this case, that was eventually accepted?

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: Eventually, yes, with great indignation, I have to say. But they wound up taking it. And, you know, they – these people came in early, a half an hour early for a reservation. And this is Le Coucou, and it was the hottest ticket in town. And we booked out weeks in advance. And it was – people waited a year for a reservation. And they came early, wanted to be seated early. Well, I’m obviously not going to have the table. You try and seat tables as close together as possible to maximize revenue. You know, you’re – it’s business. You need to pay the bills.

They came half an hour early and were very angry that the table wasn’t ready. And I apologized. I’m so sorry. Why don’t you just wait at the bar? Well, we can’t wait at the bar. We’ll be seen. Well, you can go – Le Coucou’s in a hotel, the 11 Howard Hotel, downtown New York. And I said, well, they have a lovely library upstairs or a bar. You can go up there. Well, we can’t do that. We came here to have dinner. OK, I’m very sorry then. You need to just stay at the bar. And as soon as the table’s ready, I’ll be glad to seat you.

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Well, they went to the bar. And you know what happened? No one knew who they were. Nor did anyone care. So they stood there for half an hour. I don’t even think they had a drink. And then, eventually, the table was ready.

DAVIES: Let’s take a break here. Let me reintroduce you. We are speaking with Michael Cecchi-Azzolina. His new book is “Your Table Is Ready: Tales Of A New York City Maitre D’.” He’ll be back to talk more in just a moment. This is FRESH AIR.

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

DAVIES: This is FRESH AIR, and our guest today is Michael Cecchi-Azzolina. He spent years in New York as a maitre d’ of some high-end restaurants. He has a new book. It’s called “Your Table Is Ready: Tales Of A New York City Maitre D’.”

This book is full of fascinating, really fun tales of restaurant life. And you did a lot of this in the ’80s, when, as you said, you know, Studio 54 had closed at some point and people started going to high-end restaurants to have a lot of their fun. And it was amazing to me how much drinking was done, you know, by the staff during their shifts – bartenders, servers, others. I mean, did owners know and tolerate this?

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CECCHI-AZZOLINA: Good question. You know, I think it’s an old standard in the business that you know your bartenders are going to steal and drink. And so it depends how much you want to lose…

DAVIES: (Laughter).

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: …And what you’re willing to put up with. Now, do they all do that? No, not at all. But people do drink. The ’80s was like the Wild West in New York City. People were partying. You know, you had Studio 54 that glamorized cocaine and alcohol and sex. And it was the lead-in to the restaurant world.

And if you knew the bartender, you got a drink. Even if you didn’t know the bartender, you got a drink. People drank in places that I worked and other restaurants that I know of, many through the whole shift. We had a bartender that was an ex-New York City policeman, and we used to call him Dr. Dewar’s ’cause he’d polish off a bottle of Dewar’s during a shift. It was standard practice back then.

DAVIES: Well, you know, we’re talking about this in general terms. I mean, you talk about doing it yourself. Even when you were at Le Coucou where – you know, it’s stressful to have to be managing people who want all these exclusive tables and telling people no and trying to get tables cleared in time for the next celebrity to come in. And you say, like, there are times I needed a shot of vodka to keep going. Wow. Can you stay mentally sharp when you’re doing that?

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CECCHI-AZZOLINA: Well, you’re not getting drunk (laughter), for sure. But sometimes, to steady the nerves, about 8:30, 9 o’clock, when you’ve got 50 people waiting at the bar, waiting for a table. And you’re behind. And everyone’s looking at you with the death stare and about to stab you, I would run behind there, get a chilled shot of vodka and go smile, take a deep breath and get right back into it.

DAVIES: Wow.

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: And were other people drinking? Yeah, of course. People find a way to do it. Through the years, I’ve had to fire people who were on the floor absolutely drunk. I’ve had situations where service would go down to their locker or out back and have a flask and come up. And by 10, 11 o’clock at night, they were slurring their words. People – it’s a very, very, extremely stressful job. The demands, especially in fine dining with a very high-caliber clientele, it’s incredibly stressful. People are demanding. Even ones that aren’t demanding, you’re held to a standard. And that standard must be abided by.

Restaurants were run, and most – some cases, they still are run like the military. This had to be done precisely this way. Food had to – order had to be taken within five minutes. Drinks had to arrive at the table two minutes after they were ordered. Your entrees had to be served 10 minutes after the appetizers were cleared. Then dessert menus. It was a very strict protocol. Now, when you have a restaurant, when each table is booked to the maximum from 5 to 12 o’clock at night, you need to keep this thing moving straight through the night – plus, dealing with people that want to talk to you.

They have questions. They expect you to be pleasant. Customers that you know, they want to hear about your family and what you did that day. And you need to balance all of this. You’re juggling this. You’re juggling a kitchen that’s very stressed out because they’re trying to put the food out, a maitre d’ at the door who needs tables, customers who are demanding. It is incredibly stressful. And people do go to alcohol and drugs to get through it. Historically, my 40 years in the business, it’s always been that way. Not everyone.

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DAVIES: The other thing besides booze and cocaine we find is sex, a lot of it – among staff, among guests, between guests and staff, a lot of this on the premises. Was this everywhere? Did owners know about this stuff?

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: Did owners know? You know, it’s really tough to say. Look, as we’ve gotten into the 2000s and the teens and all that, and all the incidents that have been documented and caught where owners were actually abusing staff – so obviously, they did know because they were doing it. This didn’t happen back then.

DAVIES: You mean owners were sexually preying upon staff? Is that what you mean?

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: Yes, preying upon staff. Yeah.

DAVIES: Yeah.

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CECCHI-AZZOLINA: I mean, they’re documented cases, you know?

DAVIES: Yeah, not – yeah, that’s not unheard of. Yeah.

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: The #MeToo movement highlighted many of these. And a couple of owners had to divest themselves from their restaurants because of it. But back then, it was – look, like I said, this is after Studio 54. And it was a party. You had customers coming in handing you hundred-dollar bills with a gram of cocaine in them. They expected you to party with them. And they did. Did the owners know? I can’t imagine that they didn’t know.

But at the Water Club, the general manager was getting as wasted as everybody else and eventually got caught for embezzlement. So from the top down, it was happening. Not necessarily just the owners, but the managers were doing it, absolutely doing it. So it would happen. And you have alcohol. You have drugs. Well, the next logical thing is sex to happen. And it happened quite frequently in very different establishments.

DAVIES: You know, and there are some wild stories here, some involving you that I couldn’t come within a mile of describing on this show. But they make for interesting copy. And, you know, I know that as you kind of got a little older, you eventually married and had a daughter. Has your wife read this stuff? Is this going to be news to her (laughter)?

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CECCHI-AZZOLINA: Yes, she has. I have two daughters. And, yes, she has read this stuff.

DAVIES: OK.

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: I have the most wonderful wife in the world. And she’s – you know, she’s read the book in bits and pieces, you know, all the way through and actually helped, you know, do some good editing for me. But only recently has she read the entire – the book in its entirety, straight through. And I’d see her sitting on the couch just laughing through the whole thing. She loved it. And, no, she’s not upset by these stories.

And, look, did I have to put all these stories in? And I thought about this. And I thought long and hard about it. And I had to because I wanted to document this exactly the way it was. It’s not about braggadocio. I’m not the, you know, the high school football quarterback bragging about his exploits. I really wanted people to know what it was and what people went through and the detriment that it caused, not just, you know, the party that it was, because the party ended. It didn’t last. Though, this is for me. But the restaurant, yeah, it’s still ongoing. And there’s cases now that things are still happening, which is crazy to me.

DAVIES: When you say the detriment, what do you mean?

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CECCHI-AZZOLINA: Well, it – people just didn’t last…

DAVIES: Oh.

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: …I mean, from the alcohol and from the drugs and AIDS. AIDS hit, and the sex killed people. And I was with a bunch of my co-workers that died because of this. And it was a horrific time. So it had to stop at some point, you know? These things don’t go – they stop till, then, people forget about it and start up again, which I think happened in the 2000s.

DAVIES: One of the other things you describe is the two-minute drill that a restaurant would engage in when the food inspector comes. I mean, you’re not particularly fond of food inspectors. You think that they are more interested in piling up fines than actually protecting the public from serious harm. But when a food inspector was spotted, what would happen in a restaurant?

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: It’s a nightmare. It’s – everything stops. That is the worst day of the year for you because – now in New York City, there are letter grades. So you get A, B, C, D, and – or failing. And who doesn’t want an A in that window? You have to post these in the window. So the stress of having an A is incredibly difficult, especially when the system first started. Look, I’ve worked in a lot of restaurants, and many of these restaurants are in very old New York City buildings where it’s very difficult to comply with health standards as they are written. It’s almost impossible, actually. You know you’re not going to hit every point that needs to be hit. So when the health inspector comes in, what you want to do is be as prepared as possible so that the fine you get – and you will get fines, always – is as little as possible so you’re not paying – you know, spending that nice revenue on your health inspector fines.

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So what I’ve done in many restaurants is you have a drill. Once the health inspector is spotted and they come in – because they’re wearing a uniform, and they have to show their badge – the word goes out through the dining room. And we’ve used different words in different restaurants – tsunami, souffle, different terms – and to alert the rest of the staff that the inspector’s there. So the maitre d’ or the host – as soon as the inspector comes in, the maitre d’ will stall him as much as possible, and the host will go through the dining room whispering your code word. Let’s say it’s tsunami. So go to the bar – tsunami. The servers – tsunami. Go to the kitchen. And once everyone hears that, they know they have to go to their stations and take care of it.

So bussers will go to the bread station, swipe away all the bread crumbs, throw out all the cut bread ’cause you can’t have cut bread there. There can’t be a crumb in the station. You make sure that’s neat. You run down to the basement. We’ve had managers run down, pick up a vacuum cleaner, and get on their hands and knees vacuuming up mouse poop because there are always mice in restaurants in New York City. It’s impossible to keep them out. The most – the cleanest restaurant, the most – with exterminators and all – cannot stop mice. And there’s always a little piece of poop that you miss. Look, we all try to keep it as clean as possible, but it’s impossible. So someone’s doing that.

Bartenders throw out all the cut fruit at the bar. It just gets thrown out because it’s illegal. It’ll never be up to the temperature that it needs to be. You go into the dairy refrigerator, and you dump out all the milk because in the refrigerator, when you’re making coffee, say cappuccino, the milk is coming in and out. It’s not going to be at the temperature that it’s supposed to be for your health inspector. So that gets thrown out.

In the kitchen, anything that’s ready to cook, that – so you take a piece of fish out of the refrigerator, put it on the sizzle platter – it’s sitting there for the – waiting for the rest of the order to be cooked. So say you’ve got some steaks waiting to be cooked, and then, the fish goes on last. So the fish sits there waiting to be cooked. By the time it left the refrigerator and sat on the counter in that sizzle plate, it’s become illegal because it’s too warm. So if the inspector comes in and puts his thermometer in the fish, you fail that, and it’s more points against you. So every position in the restaurant has a job on basically throwing out a lot of food.

BIANCULLI: Former maitre d’ Michael Cecchi-Azzolina spoke to Dave Davies in 2022. His memoir, “Your Table Is Ready,” is now out in paperback. We’ll hear more after a break. And later, we remember William Whitworth, who was a longtime editor-in-chief of The Atlantic and before that was an editor at The New Yorker. And I’ll review the new MGM+ documentary about Paul Simon which examines his old music about Paul Simon while capturing him making some new music. I’m David Bianculli, and this is FRESH AIR.

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(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

BIANCULLI: This is FRESH AIR. I’m Dave Bianculli, professor of television studies at Rowan University. Let’s get back to our interview with former maitre d’ Michael Cecchi-Azzolina about the decades he spent in the New York restaurant world, most of them at high-end eateries. His memoir “Your Table Is Ready” is now out in paperback. He spoke with Dave Davies in 2022.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED NPR BROADCAST)

DAVIES: Tell us a little bit about your family.

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: I grew – Bensonhurst at the time was very Italian American, and I’m from an Italian American family. I was raised by my mother and didn’t really know anything of my father till many, many, many, many years later. But things I heard about him were not the best in the world. And the – my uncles and cousins and their friends were – and it was a very tough neighborhood. And my uncles and cousins and their friends were all in some way connected to the mob on various different levels. One was a bookie. One would come home and would have jewelry there. I’m not sure what they were doing. I never knew what they did, but I knew they drove Cadillacs and that they always dressed well, and everyone had a fedora, and it was of its time, you know? This is the days of Sinatra and the Rat Pack and Dean Martin, and my whole family looked up to these guys. They were the role models.

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DAVIES: Yeah. Describe the Sunday afternoons after Mass at your house.

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: So I’d go to church and do my thing and come home. And my mother would be – or my aunts would come over, and they’d be making the sauce and, you know, roast beef, etc. And my uncles would come and they’d sit in the living room and they’d play poker. And this was the beginning of my service career – serving mass was because when you – at church, you’re – it’s called serving as an altar boy, and you’re laying out the linens for the altar, and you’re polishing the gold plates for the communion and for the altar, and you’re filling up the cruets for the wine and the water. And so it’s basically setting up a restaurant. And so that’s – began my career. I’d come home, and my uncles would be there, and they’d be playing poker, and they’d be smoking up a storm. And I would go in there, and I’d clean ashtrays, and I would give them shots of their scotch and take it back to the kitchen, and I would clean the room. And they’d sit there playing poker while the ladies cooked.

BIANCULLI: You know, you mentioned that your mom would work in an office. And there was this guy there who you knew as your Uncle Joe, and people would come for – and line up for a few quiet words with him to take care of some mysterious business. Who was your Uncle Joe? What did you eventually learn?

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: Well, my mother worked in a real estate office, and in summers she would bring me there. We – you know, we didn’t have much money, so there was no summer camp or anything like that. And I’d just play on the street outside. And this guy, Uncle Joe – you called – you know, you grow up, you call a lot of people your uncle, your – and they’re not. But so he was Uncle Joe.

He would come in every Friday and sit at this desk at the front and people would come in and have a few words with him and leave. And he always came in, and he’d always – you know, he’d see me, go, Mickey, and he’d squeeze my cheek, and he’d hand me a dollar bill, and then it’d be time for lunch. And he’d say, come on, Mikey, let’s go and have lunch.

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And we go around to a bar around the corner where he’d walk in, and there’d be a bunch of guys in fedoras. And he walked in, they all kissed him, and I assumed that he was giving them dollar bills as well. I didn’t know. And I’d get propped up on the bar and we’d eat – I’d have a pot roast sandwich that I could taste today. It was the most delicious thing in the world. And that’s what I knew of this guy.

Jump ahead maybe 15, 20 years later, I’m reading the newspaper, and I see on the front of the newspaper, Joe Colombo shot. And I look at it, and I realize that was my Uncle Joe – the head of the Colombo crime family, Joe Colombo. I had no idea.

DAVIES: Wow. Before we completely leave the world of your family and mob connections, you tell a story of working as a maitre d’ in one of the restaurants – this might have been The River Cafe, which was a really high-end place, where you ended up offending a wise guy. You want to tell us the story?

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: Yeah. It was a quiet night at the restaurant, and I’m sitting down at my table having dinner. And this gentleman comes into the bar, closely followed by a valet who comes up to me and says, Michael, this guy’s drunk. He blocked the door with his car. He won’t give me his keys. We’ve got to get him out of here.

So I turn to the bartender. I give him our signal to cut him off, and he doesn’t do it. He serves him a drink. And the next thing I know, the guy’s sitting there drinking at the bar. Well, I go to the bar to get a glass of water, a glass of wine, and this guy comes over to me – and he’s about 5’8”, 200 pounds – pushes me against the wall. He says, you tried to cut me off. I don’t know who you are, I don’t know what you do, but you disrespected me. And I’m going to take care of you.

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And at that point, I thought, they’re going to break my legs or they’re going to kill me. The detective comes back, says don’t worry. You know, we’ll get you out of here tonight. I spent the next couple of weeks in absolute fear of my life. Turned out there had to be a sit-down through one of my regular customers who was in one family with another customer who’s in another family. They had a talk, and they came back to me and said, Michael, next time he comes in, you’ve got to go up to him and say, Mr. Anthony, I’m sorry for having disrespected you. Let me buy you a drink, which is what I did.

He came in about a week later to do that. And then he started getting phone calls at the restaurant and wanting special services. And I thought, I am going to be his lapdog for the next, you know, five years. Walk in the restaurant one night, same bartender’s at the bar, smiling. He says, did you see this? He’s holding up a copy of The New York Post and the headline, this guy – mobster was killed. They offed Fat Anthony in some nightclub he was trying to shakedown, and that ended it.

DAVIES: You said one of the things that you would do as maitre d’ is something you call touching the tables.

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: Yeah.

DAVIES: What is this?

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CECCHI-AZZOLINA: It’s – every single table in the restaurant, I would go to, and I would make sure that everything was good that evening. This way – look, if there’s something wrong, tell me. We’ll take care of it. Or you get to meet the guest. I love people. It’s why I do this. I want to create an experience. I want to know who these people are, why they’re there. If they don’t want to be bothered, I walk away. But I just walk in – you touch the table and make sure everything’s OK and move on.

I learned this from the great chef Andre Soltner, whose restaurant, Lutece, was the No. 1 restaurant in America for many, many years. And after every service, Soltner would leave in his starched whites and his toque and go to every single table to check on how things were. You felt as though the pope was there to – greeting you at the end of a meal. It was so wonderful. And I’ve done that my whole career now. I just want to be there and see that the experience is correct ’cause that’s what we do in a restaurant. We provide an experience.

DAVIES: Well, Michael Cecchi-Azzolina, thanks so much for speaking with us.

CECCHI-AZZOLINA: Thank you so much. This has been wonderful to be here.

BIANCULLI: Michael Cecchi-Azzolina speaking with Dave Davies in 2022. Since they spoke, Michael has opened his own restaurant in New York, a modern bar and grill called Cecchi’s. His memoir, “Your Table Is Ready,” is now out in paperback. Coming up, we remember former William Whitworth, who worked first for The New Yorker and then The Atlantic. This is FRESH AIR.

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10 books to help you understand America as its 250th birthday approaches

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10 books to help you understand America as its 250th birthday approaches

With the nation’s big 2-5-0 coming up next year, NPR staff and critics recommended a lot of U.S.-focused titles for Books We Love, our annual year-end reading guide. Below you’ll find 10 favorites — perfect for the history buff on your gift list, or anyone looking to learn more about how the U.S got to where it is today. Read on, or check out our full 2025 list here.

American Grammar: Race, Education, and the Building of a Nation, by Jarvis R. Givens

American Grammar: Race, Education, and the Building of a Nation, by Jarvis R. Givens

In this deeply researched book, Harvard University professor of education and African American studies Jarvis R. Givens locates 1819 as a “crossroads” in the history of education in the United States. That year, Congress passed the Civilization Fund Act, providing funding for assimilative boarding schools for Native American children, and the governor of Virginia signed an anti-literacy law that made it a crime to teach enslaved people to read and write in schools. Amid the Trump administration’s effort to dismantle the Department of Education, Givens’ clear-eyed assessment of American education offers an opportunity to reflect on the long-standing relationships among race, power and schooling in the U.S. — Kristen Martin, book critic and author of The Sun Won’t Come Out Tomorrow: The Dark History of American Orphanhood

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The Fate of the Day: The War for America, Fort Ticonderoga to Charleston, 1777-1780, by Rick Atkinson

The Fate of the Day: The War for America, Fort Ticonderoga to Charleston, 1777-1780, by Rick Atkinson

I’ve been eagerly waiting years for this book! This is the second volume of Rick Atkinson’s trilogy on the American Revolution. Atkinson makes good use of letters and diaries. You feel like you’re in the middle of a battle, with all the sights, sounds and tragedy. Harrowing tales of hand-to-hand fighting, scalping and desperate evacuations. Fine detail: the waxed mustaches of the Hessian forces, the number of rum barrels distributed to weary and ill-clad troops, the dull thud of cannonballs smacking into ships. The stench of makeshift hospitals, with piles of limbs stacked outside. He carefully lays out how the battles began, and the successes, mistakes and missed opportunities – on both sides. — Tom Bowman, Pentagon reporter

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History Matters, by David McCullough, Dorie McCullough Lawson (contributor), and Michael Hill (contributor)

History Matters, by David McCullough, Dorie McCullough Lawson (contributor), and Michael Hill (contributor)

If history can be a comfort read, this is it. David McCullough’s daughter Dorie McCullough Lawson and his longtime researcher, Michael Hill, assembled this posthumous collection over two years. Some of the historian’s old manuscripts and files were kept in a New England barn, so the occasional acorn and nest turned up along with the historian’s glorious observations about Americans and their history. The essay subjects are diverse – painter Thomas Eakins, Harriet Beecher Stowe in Paris, “A Book on Every Bed” (it will melt your heart). One theme emerges that you might find reassuring in its own way: There was no “simpler time.” — Shannon Rhoades, supervising senior editor, Weekend Edition

Last Seen: The Enduring Search by Formerly Enslaved People to Find Their Lost Families, by Judith Giesberg

Last Seen: The Enduring Search by Formerly Enslaved People to Find Their Lost Families, by Judith Giesberg

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In 2017, historian Judith Giesberg and her team of graduate student researchers launched a website called the “Last Seen” project. It now contains over 5,000 ads placed in newspapers by formerly enslaved people hoping to find family members separated by slavery. The ads span the 1830s to the 1920s and serve as portals “into the lived experience of slavery.” In Last Seen, her book drawn from that monumental website, Giesberg closely reads 10 of those ads placed in search of lost children, mothers, wives, siblings and comrades who served in the United States Colored Troops during the Civil War. — Maureen Corrigan, book critic, Fresh Air

Medicine River: A Story of Survival and the Legacy of Indian Boarding Schools, by Mary Annette Pember

Medicine River: A Story of Survival and the Legacy of Indian Boarding Schools, by Mary Annette Pember

Mary Annette Pember, a citizen of the Red Cliff Band of Wisconsin Ojibwe and a national correspondent at ICT News, grew up in the 1950s and 1960s as her mother’s “secret confessor,” listening to fairy-tale-like stories of the horrors she endured at an assimilative boarding school. In Medicine River, Pember traces the repercussions of her mother’s maltreatment, situating her family’s story within the United States’ systemic use of education to eradicate Native cultures. Through an approach that is “part journalistic research, part spiritual pilgrimage,” Pember provides a cuttingly personal account of the history of federally funded Indian boarding schools and a moving look at how Indigenous traditions and rituals can light the path for healing. — Kristen Martin, book critic and author of The Sun Won’t Come Out Tomorrow: The Dark History of American Orphanhood

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Mother Emanuel: Two Centuries of Race, Resistance, and Forgiveness in One Charleston Church, by Kevin Sack

Mother Emanuel: Two Centuries of Race, Resistance, and Forgiveness in One Charleston Church, by Kevin Sack

There was great symbolism when a white supremacist targeted Charleston’s Mother Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, killing nine Black worshippers as a means to ignite a race war. As we learn in this deeply researched history, the congregation has been involved in the struggle for racial justice ever since it was founded in an “act of bold subversion” by enslaved and free African Americans in the 1800s. I am struck by the stories of clergy and members who fought against seemingly insurmountable odds at nearly every turn of history, truly living out their faith and believing in a better America. — Debbie Elliott, correspondent, National Desk

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There Is No Place for Us: Working and Homeless in America, by Brian Goldstone

There Is No Place for Us: Working and Homeless in America, by Brian Goldstone

In this paradigm-shifting, immersive book, journalist and anthropologist Brian Goldstone follows five families in Atlanta who, despite working full time, struggle to stay housed amid gentrification, a lack of tenants’ rights and low wages. These families, all Black, fall into a “shadow realm” – they are not considered officially homeless by the federal government, but lack a fixed living place as they double up with friends and family, sleep in their cars, or pay exorbitant rates at extended-stay hotels. Woven throughout their stories is a trenchant exploration of how America’s disinvestment in public housing and relentless pursuit of free-market growth have fueled housing insecurity for poor working families. — Kristen Martin, book critic and author of The Sun Won’t Come Out Tomorrow: The Dark History of American Orphanhood

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The War of Art: A History of Artists' Protest In America, by Lauren O'Neill-Butler

The War of Art: A History of Artists’ Protest In America, by Lauren O’Neill-Butler

This book is about the creative – if often short-lived and not always successful – ways in which artists have fought for social change in the U.S. since the 1960s. Personal favorite: a chapter on how the scrappy video collective, Top Value Television (TVTV), changed the public’s view of political conventions. With artist-led protests once again becoming a thing – from the thousands of actors and filmmakers who recently pledged to boycott the Israeli movie industry in response to the humanitarian crisis in Gaza, to the presence of a 12-foot statue depicting President Trump and the late sex offender Jeffrey Epstein frolicking on the National Mall, this book about the past provides a powerful frame for thinking about artist-led actions today. — Chloe Veltman, correspondent, Culture Desk

We the People: A History of the U.S. Constitution, by Jill Lepore

We the People: A History of the U.S. Constitution, by Jill Lepore

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As the U.S. approaches the 250th anniversary of its founding, it feels like an appropriate time to reflect on where we’re at as a country and how we got here. We the People, by Jill Lepore, a history and law professor at Harvard University, helps satisfy that impulse. It tells the story of the U.S. Constitution, which is among the world’s oldest constitutions. Lepore focuses on battles over amendments, which were fought not just by politicians but by ordinary Americans. The founders designed the Constitution to be amended, but it has become much more difficult to do so over the years. As the Constitution becomes harder to amend, Lepore writes, the risk of political violence becomes greater. — Milton Guevara, producer, Morning Edition and Up First

Who Is Government?: The Untold Story of Public Service, by Michael Lewis (editor)

Who Is Government?: The Untold Story of Public Service, by Michael Lewis (editor)

Thousands of unsung heroes in the government are making life better for Americans. But because of bureaucracies being made up of bureaucrats, we rarely hear those stories. This book showcases them. Like a coal-mining safety official who helped the U.S. reach zero mine-collapse deaths. Or the man who has led the National Cemetery Administration to the top of the American Customer Satisfaction Index. As the federal government is in its biggest shake-up in a generation, it’s worth learning about where the bright spots are. — Darian Woods, host, The Indicator from Planet Money

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This is just a fraction of the 380+ titles we included in Books We Love this year. Click here to check out this year’s titles, or browse nearly 4,000 books from the last 13 years.

An assortment of book covers from the 2025 edition of Books We Love.
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Brown University Students Say School Isn’t To Blame For Shooting

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Brown University Students Say School Isn’t To Blame For Shooting

Brown University
School Not To Blame For Shooting
… Masters Students Say

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The 2025 pop culture yearbook, from pettiest cameo to nerdiest movie moment

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The 2025 pop culture yearbook, from pettiest cameo to nerdiest movie moment

Aisha Harris’ pop culture superlatives include (clockwise from top left) Hedda, Marty Supreme, Serena Williams at the Super Bowl, Sabrina Carpenter’s lyrics, Love Island USA and Friendship.

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Well, 2025 has been a year. A year women on reality dating shows got fed up with “apolitical” men; a year a pair of filmmaking brothers both released solo projects about semi-famous athletes; a year a series finale ended in fecal waste. So much happened, and frankly, much of it feels like a blur.

For better or for worse, these cultural moments stood out.

Film’s nerdiest moment: “Aspect Ratios with Sinners Director Ryan Coogler”

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This Kodak video is a most perfect union of art and commerce, just like Sinners itself. In his distinctive, soothing Bay Area drawl, Coogler got super technical about the differences between each of his movie’s available formats, while breaking things down in easily digestible layperson’s terms. At a time when theater attendance continues to struggle, he made the best case for big screens, and he didn’t need existing IP to do it.

Best running joke at an awards show: “Thank you, Sal Saperstein!” The Studio

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In retrospect, host Nate Bargatze’s dreadful Boys & Girls Club donation bit at this year’s Emmys only made The Studio‘s parody of running gags on awards shows that much funnier. The bit starts when Adam Scott, playing himself, accepts a Golden Globe and impulsively thanks the guy who let him crash on the couch before his career took off: studio exec Sal Saperstein (Ike Barinholtz). Soon, every other winner – Quinta Brunson, Jean Smart, Aaron Sorkin, Zoë Kravitz – is thanking Sal, too. Most of them have no idea who Sal is. But even better is how each iteration of the corny, beaten-to-death joke eats away at Seth Rogen’s spotlight-seeking studio head Matt Remick.

Best Safdie brother feature: Marty Supreme

Josh Safdie and Timothée Chalamet on the set of Marty Supreme.

Josh Safdie (left) and Timothée Chalamet on the set of Marty Supreme.

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Benny Safdie’s The Smashing Machine is … fine: Dwayne “the Rock” Johnson, in a naked play for artistic credibility, barely has to stretch to play MMA champion Mark Kerr (the wig is doing much of the “transformation”). So in the matchup of solo Safdie bro sports movies, Josh’s Marty Supreme is the clear if imperfect victor. Timothée Chalamet’s wannabe table tennis champion is absolutely insufferable from beginning to end, but the movie bucks the typical narrative and turns out to be the frenetic tale of a cocky hustler who needs — and to a point, gets — a swift ego check.

Most awkward breakup: Huda and Chris, Love Island USA

Chris Seeley (left) and Huda Mustafa in Season 7 of Love Island USA.

Chris Seeley (left) and Huda Mustafa in Season 7 of Love Island USA.

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It was obvious to everyone with eyes that chaotic “mamacita” Huda Mustafa and blasé sleepyhead Chris Seeley were never going to happen; even they knew it. So the setting for their inevitable ending could not have been more magnificent or fitting: a romantic dinner in the middle of a candlelit pond, cordial vibes quickly descending into an exchange of various grievances. (“Why won’t you cuddle with me at night?” “Why won’t you let me get my sleep?”) Then, right in the middle of their breakup, with Huda on the verge of tears, an unnamed woman in an evening gown appeared out of nowhere, waved hello, and proceeded to serenade them with “Moon River.”

Most satisfying breakups: Sara and Ben; Virginia and Devin, Love Is Blind

Ben Mezzenga and Sara Carton in Season 8 of Love Is Blind.

Ben Mezzenga (left) and Sara Carton in Season 8 of Love Is Blind.

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The whole premise of Netflix’s bizzarro pod-based “social experiment” is inherently political, but Season 8 was the first in which political conflict played such an unambiguous part of the dating process that the producers presumably couldn’t downplay it through clever editing. Progressive-minded Sara Carton and Virginia Miller both spent much of their on-screen time trying to get their respective fiancés, Ben Mezzenga and Devin Buckley, to discuss issues including abortion, racial justice, and queer rights. Both men repeatedly deflected and refused to take a clear stance, any stance. It took the women far too long to heed all those “apolitical” red flags, but when they finally did and ended their relationships, it felt like a triumph.

Pettiest cameo: Serena Williams at the Super Bowl Halftime Show

Serena Williams performs onstage during the Super Bowl Halftime Show on February 09, 2025.

Serena Williams performs onstage during the Super Bowl Halftime Show on February 9, 2025.

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In a most pathetic move, Drake filed a lawsuit in January against Universal Music Group, the label he shares with Kendrick Lamar, for “defamation” over “Not Like Us.” Of course, Lamar performed the song at the Super Bowl anyway — but to rub salt in the wound, he brought out fellow Angeleno (and Drake’s alleged former paramour) Serena Williams, who was briefly spotted crip walking with a cool vengeance. Surely, Drake wept. (And then wept again, when a judge dismissed his suit.)

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Most ridiculous mathing: Materialists

Dakota Johnson and Pedro Pascal in Materialists.

Dakota Johnson (left) and Pedro Pascal in Materialists.

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Credit where it’s due: Unlike most movies, Celine Song’s romantic dramedy about a matchmaker torn between a wealthy suitor and her working-class ex isn’t interested in painting wealth and class abstractly – her script engages with actual numbers to contextualize it. (Pedro Pascal’s character’s penthouse is worth $12 million!) But one data point just doesn’t add up, and that’s Lucy’s (Dakota Johnson) matchmaker salary of $80K a year before taxes while living in a spacious one-bedroom in New York City, without parental help. How?

Best Lonely Island album: Sabrina Carpenter’s Man’s Best Friend

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If her 2024 album Short n’ Sweet was notably cheeky and teasing, like a burlesque performance by way of a pop star, Sabrina Carpenter’s Man’s Best Friend went for the broad humor of a Lonely Island-era SNL Digital Short. Nearly every track seems calibrated to be taken un-seriously, from the chintzy disco-flavored “Tears” to the yacht-rock-y “Never Getting Laid.” But the Loneliest track has to be “When Did You Get Hot?”:

Congratulations on your new improvements
I bet your light rod’s, like, bigger than Zeus’s
Hey, wait, can you lift my car with your hand?
You were an ugly kid, but you’re a sexy man

Most depressingly apt series finale: And Just Like That…

Cynthia Nixon in And Just Like That...

Cynthia Nixon in And Just Like That…

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With less than 10 minutes remaining in the conclusion of a beloved decades-long franchise, a bathroom toilet overflowed with excrement. This was caused by a very minor character who’d appeared in just five episodes total (played by Victor Garber, his talents wasted). Poor Miranda (Cynthia Nixon) spent her final full scene on her hands and knees, cleaning it up. Pretty much sums up most of the AJLT viewing experience.

Sickest musical number: Mr. Milchick and his marching band, Severance

Tramell Tillman in Severance.

Tramell Tillman in Severance.

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I could hardly tell you anything about the plot points in Season 2 of one of the most opaque shows currently on TV, but the pure pleasure derived from watching authoritarian manager Mr. Milchick celebrate Mark’s (Adam Scott) completion of the “Cold Harbor” file cannot be denied. It’s as if a more sinister Carlton Banks joined an HBCU marching band. Tramell Tillman earned that Emmy, and this moment is a huge reason why.

Best best friend: Nikki, Dying for Sex

Jenny Slate (left) and Michelle Williams in Dying for Sex.

Jenny Slate (left) and Michelle Williams in Dying for Sex.

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When Molly (Michelle Williams) is diagnosed with terminal cancer, she’s inspired to end her unsatisfying marriage and pursue sexual pleasure for the first time. But as much as Dying for Sex is about Molly’s journey, it’s also very honest about being a full-time caretaker, through the eyes of her best friend Nikki (Jenny Slate). Nikki’s commitment to Molly becomes a full-time job, to the point that she neglects her own career and emotional wellbeing, and the strains become evident. Slate’s performance is tremendously raw and empathetic, and the friends’ unshakable bond under the worst of circumstances is the heart of the series.

Best bromance: Dennis and Roman, Twinless

Dylan O'Brien (left) and James Sweeney in Twinless.

Dylan O’Brien (left) and James Sweeney in Twinless.

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The circumstances that allow for the budding friendship between prickly gay man Dennis (writer and director James Sweeney) and dim-yet-compassionate himbo Roman (Dylan O’Brien) are knotty and uncomfortable when eventually revealed in the movie Twinless. Yet watching this unlikely duo bond over similar traumas is a sweet and funny experience; in one of the year’s best scenes, Sweeney deploys a split screen during a house party, underlining their differing personalities while drawing them even closer together. It’s complicated but they’re connected, for better or worse.

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Most diabolical bromance: Craig and Austin, Friendship

Tim Robinson (left) and Paul Rudd in Friendship.

Tim Robinson (left) and Paul Rudd in Friendship.

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Alas, the bromance between meteorologist Austin (Paul Rudd) and marketing exec Craig (Tim Robinson) in Friendship is extremely short-lived, but the fallout is catastrophic. Cringey. Awful. Dying-from-secondhand-embarrassment. Because men like Craig — men lacking any shred of social EQ or self-awareness but still desperate to forge strong friendships, like any human — can’t handle rejection. Writer-director Andrew DeYoung has crafted one of the weirdest and most apt depictions yet of the current “male loneliness epidemic.”

Most vindictive ex: Hedda, Hedda

Tessa Thompson as Hedda Gabler in Hedda.

Tessa Thompson in Hedda.

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Given all Hedda (Tessa Thompson) is up against as a mixed-race woman born to a white father out of wedlock in mid-century England, her naked ambition to maintain a high social status can be understood. But the lengths she unabashedly goes to are ice-cold, nasty, and truly unforgivable. In one lavish evening, she tries to destroy several people’s lives, but perhaps her most humiliating deed is allowing former lover and now-rival Eileen (Nina Hoss) to enter a room full of peers — all men — while Eileen is experiencing an, *ahem* wardrobe malfunction. Thompson’s commitment to Hedda’s delicious depravity is everything.

Sweetest prayer: Wake Up Dead Man: A Knives Out Mystery

Josh O’Connor (left) and Daniel Craig in Wake Up Dead Man: A Knives Out Mystery.

Josh O’Connor (left) and Daniel Craig in Wake Up Dead Man: A Knives Out Mystery.

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If you’ve seen it, you know: This is the scene. After the murder of controversial firebrand Msgr. Wicks (Josh Brolin), his noted rival Rev. Jud (Josh O’Connor) is a prime suspect and looking to clear his name. While chasing a lead, Jud ends up on the phone with a chatty construction company employee (Bridget Everett), and what begins as a mildly annoying interaction becomes a tender expression of compassion when she asks him to pray for her and a sick relative. Time to solve the murder is ticking by, but Jud is called to his duty, and he beautifully serves.

Most haunting ending: It Was Just an Accident

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The past is never dead, as the saying goes, a sentiment felt acutely throughout Jafar Panahi’s timely film about Vahid (Vahid Mobasseri), a former political captive who kidnaps someone he believes was one of his tormentors. The temptation for vengeance abounds, but Vahid and others wonder, to what end? Can past trauma be overcome or just merely subdued? The final quiet moment, after much has happened and been said, is the image of the back of Vahid’s head as he pauses in his tracks, having sensed the eerie presence of an all-too familiar sound. With the news that Panahi, a vocal critic of the Iranian government, has been given a year-long prison sentence and a two-year travel ban based on charges of propaganda, the ending echoes even louder.

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And still more

A few honorable mentions for my 2025 pop culture yearbook:

Most charming misanthrope: Carol Sturka (Rhea Seehorn), Pluribus
Best inevitable death: Erik (Richard Harmon) and Bobby (Owen Patrick Joyner) via an MRI machine, Final Destination: Bloodlines
Breakout performers: Tonatiuh, Kiss of the Spider Woman; Miles Caton, Sinners
Best movie about an artist dad trying to reconnect with his estranged children: Sentimental Value
Worst bad show: All’s Fair
Doing the most with the least: Teyana Taylor, One Battle After Another
Best (and ok, only) “truthstorian”: Lee Raybon (Ethan Hawke), The Lowdown
Greatest show-within-a-show: “Teenjus,” The Righteous Gemstones

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