Health
Water-borne infections can lurk in hot tubs, public pools, lakes and oceans this summer: Here’s what to know
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As many sit up for the summer time months and going into the water, watch out for the germs lurking under that may trigger water-borne infections and how you can forestall them.
Throughout 2015 to 2019, the Facilities for Illness Management and Prevention (CDC) stated the vast majority of the reported outbreaks related to leisure water have been secondary to a parasite known as Cryptosporidium found in public swimming pools or the micro organism generally known as Legionella in sizzling tubs, in accordance a 2021 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
“Among the many 155 (75%) outbreaks with a confirmed infectious etiology, 76 (49%) have been brought on by Cryptosporidium (which causes cryptosporidiosis, a gastrointestinal sickness) and 65 (42%) by Legionella (which causes Legionnaires’ illness, a extreme pneumonia, and Pontiac fever, a milder sickness with flu-like signs),” the CDC stated.
Thirty-six states and the District of Columbia voluntarily reported 208 outbreaks related to handled leisure water by the Nationwide Outbreak Reporting System. Public swimming pools, sizzling tubs or water playgrounds accounted for nearly all the outbreaks, leading to not less than 3,646 instances of sickness, 286 hospitalizations and 13 deaths.
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Thirty-four p.c of the 208 outbreaks have been related to inns or resorts, with 70% of those related to sizzling tubs.
And there’s a science behind why sizzling tubs in inns might have probably the most germ-infested waters.
One principle is the resort employee accountable for the water high quality is “accountable for 100 different issues,” stated Michele Hlavsa, chief of the CDC’s Wholesome Swimming Program.
So they might typically slack on their pool duties.
Moreover, the chlorine breaks down extra shortly within the sizzling tub as the new tub’s jets aerosolize the water, making the chlorine even much less efficient, Hlavsa added.
And it doesn’t assist that the new tub jets can splash water crammed with disease-laden germs proper into the mouth and nostril of a sizzling tub occupant, Hlavsa famous.
Compounding the difficulty, these situations enable sure bacterial pathogens to flourish in sizzling water, resembling Legionella, which causes a extreme pneumonia that makes individuals sick after they breathe in water droplets or swallow contaminated water with the micro organism into their lungs, per the CDC.
Additionally watch out for Pseudomonas, which might trigger an itchy rash generally known as sizzling tub folliculitis, the place scattered crimson bumps erupt beneath the swimsuit a number of days after sitting in a sizzling tub not maintained effectively when the contaminated water stays on the pores and skin for too lengthy, per the CDC.
To lower the chance of an infection in sizzling tubs, some now use bromine as a substitute of chlorine to kills germs as a result of bromine is extra heat-stable, based on the New York Instances.
However what in the event you wished to take your youngsters to the water park as a substitute?
Out of the 208 outbreaks, greater than half began throughout the summer time months of June to August, with 92% of those outbreaks related to swimming pools and 11% with water playgrounds.
However Hlavsa famous water parks are usually not as regarding for germs since they’re operated by “professionals” and are “cautious” to comply with disinfection pointers.
Some states, like New York, deal with the water in splash pads, which spray water on youthful patrons recognized to be extra hygienically challenged, with not solely chlorine but additionally with ultraviolet mild, which kills chlorine-resistant microbes.
She inspired individuals to evaluation the general public inspection knowledge for these parks, like what is on the market for eating places, however recommends calling the native well being division for extra data.
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However you even in the event you disinfect your pool with chlorine, some pathogens can nonetheless survive.
Cryptosporidium could cause outbreaks as a result of the parasite’s outer shell permits it to outlive in chlorinated water for greater than per week, per the CDC.
The company recommends swimming pools have not less than one half per million of chlorine in them, sizzling tubs include not less than 3 elements per million of chorine whereas sustaining the water’s pH between 7.2 and seven.8.
However different infectious water-borne pathogens can be chlorine-resistant, together with Norovirus, a virus or Giardia, a parasite which will trigger diarrhea and abdomen cramps, per the Instances.
In the event you’d reasonably skip water parks and sizzling tubs and simply head for the lake or a dip within the ocean, earlier than you swim ensure you look ahead to indicators the water is unsafe or verify the standard of the state’s water high quality situations.
Be further cautious if there’s a heavy rain as a result of the rain tends to choose up every part in its path, together with animal waste, after which deposit the germ-infested poop because it drains into locations the place individuals frequent within the water, per the Instances.
And you probably have any open wound in your pores and skin, it could be a good suggestion to keep away from the ocean.
A severe, however uncommon, bacterial an infection from a flesh-eating micro organism known as vibrio vulnificus could cause soft-tissue infections typically throughout the summer time months within the Gulf of Mexico in sufferers with open pores and skin wounds, stated Dr. Marirose Trimmier, affiliate professor of household medication on the College of South Alabama School of Drugs.
“The rule of thumb is, if the water seems to be murky, don’t swim in it,” stated Dr. Allen Perkins, professor of household medication on the College of South Alabama School of Drugs.
Health
Words and game of Scrabble keep married couple in wedded bliss for decades
A married couple who have long enjoyed the game of Scrabble both together and separately before they even met are never at a loss for words — and attribute their wedded bliss in part to their love of the nostalgic game.
They’re still playing in tournaments built around the game decades after they began doing so.
Graham Harding and his wife Helen Harding, both in their 60s, have been married for over 20 years.
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They met in the 1990s at Scrabble tournaments, as news agency SWNS reported.
But it was a “special match” in 2000 that brought the couple together — and has kept them together now.
Graham Harding is from the East Berkshire Scrabble Club, while his wife Helen is from the Leicester Scrabble Club in the U.K.
They have been taking part in the UK Open Scrabble Championship in Reading this week.
“The more words you know, the more ammunition you’ve got.”
“Scrabble is all about having a good vocabulary,” said Graham Harding, SWNS noted.
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“But it is a Scrabble vocabulary — not necessarily everyday English.”
Added Helen Harding, “The more words you know, the more ammunition you’ve got.”
The couple said they were “vague acquaintances” for about five years after they first met.
Then they got together after a special match in Swindon.
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They maintained a long-distance relationship before they got married in 2004.
The couple even brought their Scrabble board to their wedding.
It featured a message with Scrabble pieces that said, “Congratulations on your wedding day” — while their wedding cake said, in Scrabble letters, “Helen and Graham.”
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They each took up the hobby early in life well before they met each other.
The tournament that’s been taking place this week is the first since the COVID pandemic after a five-year break — and the couple has played some two dozen games in it as of Friday, SWNS reported.
Health
Deep sleep can keep two big health problems at bay, new studies suggest
It might be worth working a little bit harder to get that much-desired, but often elusive, good night’s sleep.
Deep sleep clears the mind of waste just as a “dishwasher” cleans dirty plates and glasses, just-published research suggests — and there’s more.
The findings also offer insights into how sleeping pills may disrupt the “brainwashing” system — potentially affecting cognitive function for people over the long run.
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Study senior author professor Maiken Nedergaard of the University of Rochester and the University of Copenhagen said norepinephrine (a neurotransmitter and hormone) triggers blood vessels to contract — generating slow pulsations that create a rhythmic flow in the surrounding fluid to carry away waste, news agency SWNS noted.
Said Nedergaard, “It’s like turning on the dishwasher before you go to bed and waking up with a clean brain. . . . We’re essentially asking what drives this process and trying to define restorative sleep based on” this “glymphatic clearance.”
The brain has a built-in waste removal process – the glymphatic system – that circulates fluid in the brain and spinal cord to clear out waste, according to the scientists.
The process helps remove toxic proteins that form sticky plaques linked to neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
But the scientists indicated that what drives the system was unclear until now, according to the study.
Is all sleep created equal? The researchers wanted to find out.
To find clues, Nedergaard and her team looked into what happens in mice when their brains sleep, as SWNS reported of the study. The team focused on the relationship between norepinephrine and blood flow during deep sleep.
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They found that norepinephrine waves correlate to variations in brain blood volume — suggesting that norepinephrine triggers a rhythmic pulsation in the blood vessels. The researchers then compared the changes in blood volume to brain fluid flow.
The brain fluid flow fluctuates in correspondence to blood volume changes, suggesting the vessels act as pumps to propel the surrounding brain fluid to flush out waste.
Natalie Hauglund of the University of Copenhagen and the University of Oxford, the study’s lead author, said, “You can view norepinephrine as [the] conductor of an orchestra.”
She added, “There’s a harmony in the constriction and dilation of the arteries, which then drives the cerebrospinal fluid through the brain to remove the waste products.”
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Hauglund said she wanted to understand whether all sleep is created equal.
To find out, the research team administered zolpidem, a common drug to aid sleep, to mice.
“If people aren’t getting the full benefits of sleep, they should be aware of that, so they can make informed decisions.”
They found that the norepinephrine waves during deep sleep were 50% lower in zolpidem-treated mice than in naturally sleeping mice.
Although the zolpidem-treated mice fell asleep more quickly — fluid transport into the brain dropped more than 30%, as SWNS reported.
The researchers say their findings, published in the journal Cell, suggest that the sleeping aid may disrupt the norepinephrine-driven waste clearance during sleep.
Hauglund said, “More and more people are using sleep medication, and it’s really important to know if that’s healthy sleep. If people aren’t getting the full benefits of sleep, they should be aware of that, so they can make informed decisions.”
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The research team said the findings likely apply to humans, who also have a glymphatic system, although it requires further testing.
Nedergaard added, “Now we know norepinephrine is driving the cleaning of the brain, we may figure out how to get people a long and restorative sleep.”
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Meanwhile, a lack of sleep may be doing more damage than just making people groggy.
It could be sabotaging the brain’s ability to keep intrusive thoughts at bay.
Another new study, this one published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that sleep deprivation weakens the brain’s defense against unwanted memories, allowing them to flood the mind, according to the New York Post.
“We show that sleep deprivation disrupts prefrontal inhibition of memory retrieval, and that the overnight restoration of this inhibitory mechanism is associated with time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep,” the scientists said.
Health
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