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US health experts recommend less alcohol as new research challenges benefits of moderate drinking

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US health experts recommend less alcohol as new research challenges benefits of moderate drinking
  • Global drinking guidelines are shifting towards recommending less alcohol consumption.
  • More than 200 health conditions have been linked to alcohol, according to the World Health Organization.
  • Genetic studies show that people with a gene variant making alcohol unpleasant tend to have lower heart disease risks.

It’s wine time. Beer Thirty. Happy hour. Five o’clock somewhere.

Maybe it’s also time to rethink drinking?

Moderate drinking was once thought to have benefits for the heart, but better research methods have thrown cold water on that.

WOMEN WHO DRINK MORE THAN 8 ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES A WEEK ARE AT GREATER RISK OF HEART DISEASE: NEW STUDY

“Drinking less is a great way to be healthier,” said Dr. Timothy Naimi, who directs the Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research at the University of Victoria in British Columbia.

Bottles of alcohol sit on shelves at a bar in Houston on June 23, 2020. Moderate drinking was once thought to have benefits for the heart, but better research methods starting in the 2010s have thrown cold water on that. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip, File)

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ARE DRINKING GUIDELINES CHANGING?

Guidelines vary a lot from country to country but the overall trend is toward drinking less.

The United Kingdom, France, Denmark, Holland and Australia recently reviewed new evidence and lowered their alcohol consumption recommendations. Ireland will require cancer warning labels on alcohol starting in 2026.

“The scientific consensus has shifted due to the overwhelming evidence linking alcohol to over 200 health conditions, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases and injuries,” said Carina Ferreira-Borges, regional adviser for alcohol at the World Health Organization regional office for Europe.

From Dry January to Sober October to bartenders getting creative with non-alcoholic cocktails, there’s a cultural vibe that supports cutting back.

“People my age are way more accepting of it,” said Tessa Weber, 28, of Austin, Texas. She stopped drinking for Dry January this year because she’d noticed alcohol was increasing her anxiety. She liked the results — better sleep, more energy — and has stuck with it.

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“It’s good to reevaluate your relationship with alcohol,” Weber said.

WAIT, MODERATE DRINKING DOESN’T HAVE HEALTH BENEFITS?

That idea came from imperfect studies comparing groups of people by how much they drink. Usually, consumption was measured at one point in time. And none of the studies randomly assigned people to drink or not drink, so they couldn’t prove cause and effect.

People who report drinking moderately tend to have higher levels of education, higher incomes and better access to health care, Naimi said.

“It turns out that when you adjust for those things, the benefits tend to disappear,” he said.

DRINKING ALCOHOL WEEKLY COULD BE CONNECTED TO 61 DIFFERENT DISEASES, STUDY FINDS

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Another problem: Most studies didn’t include younger people. Almost half of the people who die from alcohol-related causes die before the age of 50.

“If you’re studying people who survived into middle age, didn’t quit drinking because of a problem and didn’t become a heavy drinker, that’s a very select group,” Naimi said. “It creates an appearance of a benefit for moderate drinkers that is actually a statistical illusion.”

Other studies challenge the idea that alcohol has benefits. These studies compare people with a gene variant that makes it unpleasant to drink to people without the gene variant. People with the variant tend to drink very little or not at all. One of these studies found people with the gene variant have a lower risk of heart disease — another blow to the idea that alcohol protects people from heart problems.

HOW MANY DRINKS CAN I HAVE PER DAY?

That depends.

Drinking raises the risk of several types of cancer, including colon, liver, breast and mouth and throat. Alcohol breaks down in the body into a substance called acetaldehyde, which can damage your cells and stop them from repairing themselves. That creates the conditions for cancer to grow.

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Thousands of U.S. deaths per year could be prevented if people followed the government’s dietary guidelines, which advise men to limit themselves to two drinks or fewer per day and women to one drink or fewer per day, Naimi said.

One drink is the equivalent of about one 12-ounce can of beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine or a shot of liquor.

Naimi served on an advisory committee that wanted to lower the recommendation for men to one drink per day. That advice was considered and rejected when the federal recommendations came out in 2020.

“The simple message that’s best supported by the evidence is that, if you drink, less is better when it comes to health,” Naimi said.

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This 30 Plants a Week Hack Helped One Woman Lose 227 lbs — How It Can Work for You

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This 30 Plants a Week Hack Helped One Woman Lose 227 lbs — How It Can Work for You



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Ask a doc: 'Is it dangerous to swallow gum?'

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Ask a doc: 'Is it dangerous to swallow gum?'

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It might be tempting to swallow chewing gum if there’s no trash can nearby to dispose of it — but is it dangerous to do so?

Though it’s not necessarily a health hazard, swallowing gum is not a good habit, according to Dr. Ari Lamet, a gastroenterologist in Hollywood, Florida.

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“Swallowing a piece of gum occasionally should not be an issue if you have a normal GI tract or have not experienced an intestinal blockage,” Lamet told Fox News Digital.

MEET THE AMERICAN WHO CREATED BUBBLE GUM, WALTER DIEMER, HOME-KITCHEN CHEMIST OUTWITTED SCIENTISTS

What about those age-old warnings about gum taking seven years to digest?

The truth is, it doesn’t actually digest at all.

Though it’s not necessarily a health hazard, swallowing gum is not a good habit, according to doctors. (iStock)

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“Gum is non-digestible (and has no nutritional value), so eventually, it will come out in your bowel movements,” Lamet said.

Dr. Kerry Frommer Firestein, a pediatrician and CEO of Allied Physicians Group in New York, agreed that swallowing gum will likely have minimal-to-no impact on your health.

ASPARTAME IN CHEWING GUM: DENTAL EXPERTS WEIGH IN ON THE SWEETENER’S SAFETY FOR TEETH AND GUMS

“The chewy part of the gum is not able to be digested,” she told Fox News Digital. “It will pass through your intestines and come out in a bowel movement within a day or so.”

However, swallowing gum can be more dangerous for some people, the doctors warned.

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“If you have had GI surgery or experienced previous blockages, it is best to avoid swallowing gum,” Lamet said.

Pack of gum

Swallowing gum can be more dangerous for some people, the doctors warned. (iStock)

Swallowing gum could be more dangerous in someone who swallows large quantities on a regular basis, Firestein noted.

It can also be dangerous if swallowed with other non-food items, she added. “They could all mix together and create something that gets stuck in the intestinal tract.”

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Chewing gum can also cause you to swallow more air than usual, she warned — which can cause gas and bloating. 

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“The best way to avoid an intestinal blockage is not to swallow” gum at all, one doctor advised. (iStock)

“It can also cause jaw problems leading to jaw pain, headaches and earaches,” she said.

Even if you don’t fall into one of the higher-risk categories, it’s best not to make swallowing gum a habit, according to Lamet.

“The best way to avoid an intestinal blockage is not to swallow it at all.”

For more Health articles, visit www.foxnews.com/health.

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US pediatricians group reverses decades-old policy, allowing breastfeeding for those with HIV

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US pediatricians group reverses decades-old policy, allowing breastfeeding for those with HIV
  • People with HIV can breastfeed if they take medications suppressing the AIDS virus, per the American Academy of Pediatrics.
  • This marks a significant shift from recommendations since the 1980s.
  • Antiretroviral drugs can reduce HIV transmission risk via breast milk to less than 1%.

People with HIV can breastfeed their babies, as long as they are taking medications that effectively suppress the virus that causes AIDS, a top U.S. pediatricians’ group said Monday in a sharp policy change.

The new report from the American Academy of Pediatrics reverses recommendations it had in place since the start of the HIV epidemic in the 1980s.

It recognizes that routinely prescribed drugs can reduce the risk of transmitting HIV via breast milk to less than 1%, said Dr. Lisa Abuogi, a pediatric HIV expert at the University of Colorado and lead author of the report.

BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDING FOR BOTH MOM AND BABY

“The medications are so good now and the benefits for mom and baby are so important that we are at a point where it is important to engage in shared decision-making,” Abuogi said.

Processed breast milk awaiting distribution is seen at the Breastfeeding Center for Greater Washington on May 19, 2022, in Washington, D.C. People with HIV can breastfeed their babies, as long as they are taking medications that effectively suppress the virus that causes AIDS, a top U.S. pediatricians’ group said on Monday in a sharp policy change. (BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI/AFP via Getty Images)

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The drugs, known as antiretroviral therapy, don’t eliminate all risk of transmitting HIV through breast milk. Avoiding breastfeeding is the only certain way to prevent spreading the virus, Abuogi said.

In addition, parents must breastfeed exclusively for the babies’ first six months because research shows that switching between breast milk and formula can disrupt an infant’s gut in ways that increase the risk of HIV infection.

About 5,000 people who have HIV give birth in the U.S. each year. Nearly all take drugs to suppress the virus to very low levels, Abuogi said, though viral levels can rebound if they don’t stay on them.

BREASTFEEDING BAN: GEORGIA MOTHER IS TOLD SHE CAN’T NURSE HER BABY AT WATERPARK, SPARKING DEBATE

Before the medications became widely available starting a decade ago, about 30% of HIV infections transmitted from moms to babies occurred during breastfeeding, said Dr. Lynne Mofenson, an adviser to the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation. In the early 1990s, about 2,000 infections occurred in U.S. infants each year. Today, it’s fewer than 30.

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The AAP policy comes more than a year after the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reversed longstanding recommendations against breastfeeding by people with HIV. That guidance said people who have consistent viral suppression should be counseled on their options. It also emphasizes that health care providers shouldn’t alert child protective services agencies if a parent with HIV seeks to breastfeed.

The goal is listening to patients “and not blaming or shaming them,” said Dr. Lynn Yee, a Northwestern University professor of obstetrics and gynecology who helped draft the NIH guidance.

Breastfeeding provides ideal nutrition for babies and protects them against illnesses and conditions such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes, research shows. Nursing also reduces the mother’s risk of breast and ovarian cancer, diabetes and high blood pressure.

The World Health Organization has recommended since 2010 that women with HIV in developing countries breastfeed their infants and have access to antiretroviral therapy. The guidance weighed the risk of infants acquiring HIV through breastfeeding and the risk of babies dying from malnutrition, diarrhea and pneumonia in places where safe replacements for breast milk aren’t available.

In developed nations, however, experts had recommended against breastfeeding because the wide availability of safe water, formula and human donor milk could eliminate the risk of HIV transmission, Yee said.

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That frustrated people with HIV who were flatly refused the option of nursing.

Ci Ci Covin, 36, of Philadelphia, said she was diagnosed with HIV at age 20 and not permitted to breastfeed her first child, Zion, now 13.

“I couldn’t understand how come my sister that lives in a place like Kenya, who looks just like me with the same color brown skin, was given the option to breastfeed and how my option was starkly no,” she said.

Not being able to nurse her son sent Covin into a spiral of postpartum depression, she said. When she became pregnant with her now 2-year-old daughter, Zuri, her health care team helped her successfully breastfeed for seven months. Covin took her prescriptions as directed and also gave the baby drugs to prevent infection.

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“Breast milk has everything in it that my baby would need,” Covin said. “That’s a beautiful thing.”

Abuogi said the AAP report provides crucial guidance for pediatricians, nurses and lactation specialists who work directly with children and families.

Some providers were already helping people treated for HIV to nurse their babies, despite the earlier recommendations. The new guidance should expand the practice, hopefully quickly, Abuogi said.

“This is a unique situation because it’s not just doctors and providers who are changing,” Abuogi said. “Our patients are pushing this as well.”

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