Health
Pediatric experts give new recommendations to keep sleeping babies safe
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In its first replace since 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) outlined suggestions to scale back the threat of sleep-related toddler deaths. Within the new coverage assertion, AAP is emphasizing the necessity for infants to sleep on their backs, for fogeys to maintain the sleep surroundings “naked,” and to keep away from bed-sharing below any circumstances, based on a latest press launch.
“A child’s demise is tragic, heartbreaking and sometimes preventable. If we’ve realized something, it’s that easy is finest: infants ought to at all times sleep in a crib or bassinet, on their again, with out comfortable toys, pillows, blankets or different bedding,” mentioned lead writer Dr. Rachel Moon, professor of pediatrics on the College of Virginia Faculty of Medication.
The suggestions apply to youngsters as much as a 12 months previous.
Roughly 3,500 infants die from sleep-related deaths yearly in the USA, however the annual variety of deaths since 2000 have been comparable after a “substantial” discount in deaths within the Nineteen Nineties resulting from nationwide training for infants to sleep on their backs, the press launch mentioned.
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However though the general numbers of deaths are down, the speed of sudden surprising toddler deaths (SUIDs) greater than doubled amongst Black infants and tripled amongst American Indian/Alaska Native infants in comparison with White infants in 2010 to 2013.
Moreover, infants have a 67 instances larger threat of a sleep-related demise when sleeping with somebody on a sofa, comfortable armchair or cushion, 10 instances larger threat when sleeping with somebody who’s impaired due to tiredness, sedating drugs or substance abuse, and 5-10 instances larger threat when sleeping on the identical floor with another person when below 4 months of age.
“We all know that many mother and father select to share a mattress with a baby, as an illustration, maybe to assist with breastfeeding or due to a cultural choice or a perception that it’s protected,” mentioned Dr. Rebecca Carlin, a co-author of the assertion and its accompanying technical report. “The proof is evident that this considerably raises the danger of a child’s harm or demise, nonetheless, and for that motive AAP can not assist bed-sharing below any circumstances.”
The AAP recommends for infants to sleep on a floor that’s flat, agency and never inclined with the sleep product assembly the Client Product Security Fee’s security requirements for cribs, bassinets, play yards and bedside sleepers, which go into impact this week, based on CNN.
“A good way to check if a floor is simply too comfortable is to press your hand down after which carry it up. In case your hand leaves an indentation, it’s too comfortable,” based on First Candle, a non-profit group dedicated to the elimination of SIDS.
The AAP press launch additionally heralded the passage of the Protected Sleep for Infants Act, which bans the sale of unsafe crib bumpers and inclined sleepers by mid-2022.
The coverage assertion reminded mother and father to keep away from objects — particularly comfortable objects, equivalent to pillow-like toys, mattress toppers, fur-like supplies, free bedding or crib bumpers due to the potential to suffocate them.
“Place infants on a agency, flat, [non-inclined] sleep floor (eg, tightly becoming crib mattress in a safety-approved crib) lined by a fitted sheet with no different bedding or comfortable objects. Sleep surfaces with inclines of greater than 10 levels are unsafe for toddler sleep,” the coverage assertion mentioned.
Crib bumpers, which are supposed to cushion the newborn from the crib slats, are linked to greater than 100 toddler deaths prior to now 30 years, based on healthychildren.org, an internet site advisable by the AAP for added assets on sleep security for infants.
The pediatric affiliation advisable mother and father ought to sleep in the identical room with their infants, however not the identical mattress as them, for no less than the primary six months.
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The discharge famous pacifier use can be related to lowering sleep-related deaths, however suggested “supervised, awake tummy time” for toddler growth and to stop a flat spot growing on the again or aspect of their head resulting from their sleep place, a situation generally known as positional plagiocephaly, per the assertion.
“Mother and father are inspired to position the toddler in tummy time whereas awake and supervised for brief durations of time starting quickly after hospital discharge, rising incrementally to no less than 15 to half-hour whole each day by 7 weeks of age,” the discharge mentioned.
And when an toddler reveals indicators of trying to achieve the rolling milestone, which is commonly round three to 4 months of age, the assertion advises in opposition to swaddling as a result of the swaddled toddler could roll to the susceptible place and suffocate.
Breastfeeding decreases the danger of sleep-related toddler deaths with the assertion noting, “2 months of feeding no less than partial human milk feeding has been demonstrated to considerably decrease the danger of sleep-related deaths.”
“Mother and father would possibly suppose that their toddler is waking up an excessive amount of in the course of the evening and concern that one thing is unsuitable,” Dr. Moon mentioned.
“However infants by their nature get up regularly in the course of the evening. Though this may be understandably irritating for fogeys who’re exhausted and dropping out on their very own sleep, infants must wake to feed each 2-3 hours, so that is regular and wholesome, and needs to be anticipated. When mother and father have questions on their toddler’s sleep, they need to at all times ask their pediatrician for steerage.”
Health
Words and game of Scrabble keep married couple in wedded bliss for decades
A married couple who have long enjoyed the game of Scrabble both together and separately before they even met are never at a loss for words — and attribute their wedded bliss in part to their love of the nostalgic game.
They’re still playing in tournaments built around the game decades after they began doing so.
Graham Harding and his wife Helen Harding, both in their 60s, have been married for over 20 years.
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They met in the 1990s at Scrabble tournaments, as news agency SWNS reported.
But it was a “special match” in 2000 that brought the couple together — and has kept them together now.
Graham Harding is from the East Berkshire Scrabble Club, while his wife Helen is from the Leicester Scrabble Club in the U.K.
They have been taking part in the UK Open Scrabble Championship in Reading this week.
“The more words you know, the more ammunition you’ve got.”
“Scrabble is all about having a good vocabulary,” said Graham Harding, SWNS noted.
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“But it is a Scrabble vocabulary — not necessarily everyday English.”
Added Helen Harding, “The more words you know, the more ammunition you’ve got.”
The couple said they were “vague acquaintances” for about five years after they first met.
Then they got together after a special match in Swindon.
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They maintained a long-distance relationship before they got married in 2004.
The couple even brought their Scrabble board to their wedding.
It featured a message with Scrabble pieces that said, “Congratulations on your wedding day” — while their wedding cake said, in Scrabble letters, “Helen and Graham.”
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They each took up the hobby early in life well before they met each other.
The tournament that’s been taking place this week is the first since the COVID pandemic after a five-year break — and the couple has played some two dozen games in it as of Friday, SWNS reported.
Health
Deep sleep can keep two big health problems at bay, new studies suggest
It might be worth working a little bit harder to get that much-desired, but often elusive, good night’s sleep.
Deep sleep clears the mind of waste just as a “dishwasher” cleans dirty plates and glasses, just-published research suggests — and there’s more.
The findings also offer insights into how sleeping pills may disrupt the “brainwashing” system — potentially affecting cognitive function for people over the long run.
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Study senior author professor Maiken Nedergaard of the University of Rochester and the University of Copenhagen said norepinephrine (a neurotransmitter and hormone) triggers blood vessels to contract — generating slow pulsations that create a rhythmic flow in the surrounding fluid to carry away waste, news agency SWNS noted.
Said Nedergaard, “It’s like turning on the dishwasher before you go to bed and waking up with a clean brain. . . . We’re essentially asking what drives this process and trying to define restorative sleep based on” this “glymphatic clearance.”
The brain has a built-in waste removal process – the glymphatic system – that circulates fluid in the brain and spinal cord to clear out waste, according to the scientists.
The process helps remove toxic proteins that form sticky plaques linked to neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
But the scientists indicated that what drives the system was unclear until now, according to the study.
Is all sleep created equal? The researchers wanted to find out.
To find clues, Nedergaard and her team looked into what happens in mice when their brains sleep, as SWNS reported of the study. The team focused on the relationship between norepinephrine and blood flow during deep sleep.
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They found that norepinephrine waves correlate to variations in brain blood volume — suggesting that norepinephrine triggers a rhythmic pulsation in the blood vessels. The researchers then compared the changes in blood volume to brain fluid flow.
The brain fluid flow fluctuates in correspondence to blood volume changes, suggesting the vessels act as pumps to propel the surrounding brain fluid to flush out waste.
Natalie Hauglund of the University of Copenhagen and the University of Oxford, the study’s lead author, said, “You can view norepinephrine as [the] conductor of an orchestra.”
She added, “There’s a harmony in the constriction and dilation of the arteries, which then drives the cerebrospinal fluid through the brain to remove the waste products.”
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Hauglund said she wanted to understand whether all sleep is created equal.
To find out, the research team administered zolpidem, a common drug to aid sleep, to mice.
“If people aren’t getting the full benefits of sleep, they should be aware of that, so they can make informed decisions.”
They found that the norepinephrine waves during deep sleep were 50% lower in zolpidem-treated mice than in naturally sleeping mice.
Although the zolpidem-treated mice fell asleep more quickly — fluid transport into the brain dropped more than 30%, as SWNS reported.
The researchers say their findings, published in the journal Cell, suggest that the sleeping aid may disrupt the norepinephrine-driven waste clearance during sleep.
Hauglund said, “More and more people are using sleep medication, and it’s really important to know if that’s healthy sleep. If people aren’t getting the full benefits of sleep, they should be aware of that, so they can make informed decisions.”
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The research team said the findings likely apply to humans, who also have a glymphatic system, although it requires further testing.
Nedergaard added, “Now we know norepinephrine is driving the cleaning of the brain, we may figure out how to get people a long and restorative sleep.”
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Meanwhile, a lack of sleep may be doing more damage than just making people groggy.
It could be sabotaging the brain’s ability to keep intrusive thoughts at bay.
Another new study, this one published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that sleep deprivation weakens the brain’s defense against unwanted memories, allowing them to flood the mind, according to the New York Post.
“We show that sleep deprivation disrupts prefrontal inhibition of memory retrieval, and that the overnight restoration of this inhibitory mechanism is associated with time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep,” the scientists said.
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