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Fatal drug combination sparks alert as ‘rhino tranq’ spreads across US

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Fatal drug combination sparks alert as ‘rhino tranq’ spreads across US

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Health and government officials are warning of a potential deadly substance in the illegal drug supply.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) issued a health advisory on Thursday about reports of medetomidine being detected in fentanyl.

Also known as “rhino tranq,” “mede” or “dex,” medetomidine is a veterinary sedative that causes severe, prolonged sedation. Classified as an alpha-2 agonist, it acts on the nervous system similar to other veterinary sedatives, like xylazine, and can cause life-threatening withdrawal symptoms.

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The advisory is based on surveillance data, including forensic drug testing, wastewater analysis, clinical case reports and overdose investigations.

In 2023, there were 247 incidences of medetomidine detected in drug samples, which rose to 2,616 in 2024 and 8,233 in 2025 – a more than 3,000% increase. Forensic drug reports showed that about 98% of medetomidine-positive samples also contained fentanyl. 

Health and government officials are warning of a potential deadly substance in the illegal drug suppl (iStock)

The drug has been detected in at least 18 states and Washington, D.C., with a concentration in the Northeast and Midwest regions of the U.S., per the CDC alert.

Dr. Adam Scioli, chief medical officer of Caron Treatment Centers in Pennsylvania, said the alert highlights a “concerning and rapidly evolving development” in the illicit opioid supply.

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“Its co‑occurrence with fentanyl significantly complicates overdose presentation and withdrawal management, further increasing both clinical acuity and unpredictability,” he told Fox News Digital.

“Medetomidine is not routinely detected on standard toxicology screens, increasing the risk of under‑recognition without a high index of clinical suspicion.”

The drug has been detected in at least 18 states and Washington, DC, with a concentration in the Northeast and Midwest regions of the U.S. (iStock)

Naloxone (Narcan), known for its overdose reversal effects, does not counteract medetomidine, the advisory warned.

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“While naloxone remains essential for reversing opioid‑induced respiratory depression, it does not address the sedative effects of medetomidine,” Scioli confirmed.

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The initial effects of the drug include deep sedation or decreased consciousness, bradycardia (slow heart rate), hypotension (low blood pressure) and respiratory depression, especially when combined with fentanyl and other opioids.

Withdrawal symptoms typically begin about a few hours after taking medetomidine. They can be severe and rapid, peaking at about 18-36 hours, according to experts.

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Initial withdrawal symptoms include rising blood pressure, tachycardia, agitation and nausea/vomiting, gradually leading to severe hypertension, altered mental status, and possible cardiac or neurologic complications, per the alert.

Severe cases require intensive care in a hospital. “Management may require ICU‑level monitoring and care,” said Scioli.

Naloxone (Narcan), known for its overdose reversal effects, does not counteract medetomidine, the advisory warned. (Reuters/Andrew Kelly)

In a May 2024 example cited by the CDC, medetomidine in the illegal opioid supply was linked to a cluster of overdoses in Chicago, potentially exceeding 175. At least 16 people were hospitalized and one died.

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There were some limitations to the surveillance, the agency acknowledged. Surveillance systems rely on small samples that may not be representative of all areas.

There is also the chance that the numbers could be overestimated due to contamination or repeated use of drug paraphernalia. Conversely, numbers could actually be higher than recorded, as medetomidine is rapidly metabolized in the body and is not typically tested in clinical settings.

An expert noted that the alert highlights the need for “careful assessment beyond standard opioid toxicity models,” as well as close coordination with toxicology, emergency medicine and public health partners. (iStock)

The surveillance was conducted by the CDC with support from federal public health programs and collaboration with other agencies.

Scioli noted that the alert highlights the need for “careful assessment beyond standard opioid toxicity models,” as well as close coordination with toxicology, emergency medicine and public health partners.

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“The drug supply is evolving in ways that strain traditional opioid‑focused frameworks and demand greater clinical vigilance,” he said.

“From a treatment perspective, this is another clear example of why addiction care must be adaptive, medically sophisticated, and grounded in whole‑person, long‑term recovery — not solely acute stabilization,” he added.

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Eili Lilly’s Retatrutide Weight-Loss Results Rival Bariatric Surgery

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Low-impact routine may help adults lower blood pressure at home

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Low-impact routine may help adults lower blood pressure at home

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→ Ancient Chinese movement shows promise for reducing blood pressure at home

→ Finding the sleep ‘sweet spot’ could help you live longer

→ Fitness influencer says one simple habit can help anyone get back in shape

High blood pressure, if left untreated, can lead to heart attack and stroke. Now, researchers have shed new light on how a simple, centuries-old Chinese practice could be almost as effective as some medications in lowering blood pressure. (iStock)

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New drugs, new hope

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→ Woman says she’s being held against her will after cruise ship hantavirus scare

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→ Hantavirus exposure risk may be higher than believed in parts of US, study finds

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“We’re really just beginning to understand how widespread and complex this virus is in rodent populations here.”

Living longer and better

→ ‘Longevity gene’ may protect the brain from Alzheimer’s by boosting DNA repair

→ Frequent museum visits tied to reduced cellular aging, research finds

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Hantavirus exposure risk may be higher than believed in parts of US, study finds

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Hantavirus exposure risk may be higher than believed in parts of US, study finds

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Researchers found unusually high hantavirus levels in rodents in the Pacific Northwest, suggesting greater exposure risk in the surrounding agricultural communities.

The area with the biggest prevalence is the Palouse region, which includes parts of eastern Washington and north-central Idaho in the Pacific Northwest.

Researchers from Washington State University’s College of Veterinary Medicine found unexpectedly high levels of Sin Nombre virus (SNV), which is the strain most strongly linked to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) — among local rodent populations. 

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In summer 2023, they collected samples from 189 deer mice, voles and chipmunks at eight farms and two forest sites.

Nearly 30% of sampled rodents showed evidence of prior exposure and about 10% had active infections, according to the study press release. The rodents that tested positive were from both agricultural environments (farms) and natural settings (wilderness).

Researchers found unusually high hantavirus levels in rodents in the Pacific Northwest, suggesting greater exposure risk in the surrounding agricultural communities. (iStock)

While deer mice are the primary carriers of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, the researchers found infections across multiple rodent species.

This suggests that Sin Nombre virus may be more widespread in the region than previously thought.

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The findings were published in 2026 in Emerging Infectious Diseases, a peer-reviewed journal from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

“We were surprised both by how common the virus was locally and by how little data existed for the Northwest,” said Stephanie Seifert, the study’s corresponding author and principal investigator of the Molecular Ecology of Zoonotic and Animal Pathogens lab in the College of Veterinary Medicine’s Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, in the press release. 

“We’re really just beginning to understand how widespread and complex this virus is in rodent populations here.”

The hantavirus detected in this study is different from the Andes virus, the strain linked to the recent outbreak on board the MV Hondius cruise ship. (Getty Images)

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The Sin Nombre virus, the most common hantavirus in the U.S., is typically spread to humans through inhalation of aerosolized rodent urine, droppings or saliva and is not known to spread person-to-person.

This is different from the Andes virus, the strain linked to the recent outbreak on board the MV Hondius cruise ship. Andes virus is the only hantavirus that is capable of spreading between people through close, prolonged contact.

“People may be exposed more often than we realize, but severe cases are more likely to be tested for hantavirus.”

Dr. Sonja Bartolome, an expert in pulmonary and critical care at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, pointed out that since national tracking began in 1993, the illness has remained rare, with 864 cases reported between 1993 and 2022.

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“Most cases have occurred in Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona, and 94% have been reported in states west of the Mississippi River,” Bartolome, who was not involved in the study, told Fox News Digital.

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“It is important to conduct research that expands our understanding of how the virus spreads,” she went on. “Studies like this – which obtain and compare viral genetic sequences across regions and animals – help clarify how the virus moves geographically and between species.”

The researchers recommend efforts to prevent rodent exposure for living and farming in rural areas. (AP Photo/Godofredo A. Vásquez, File)

Although similar findings have been reported in other regions, this is the first study to reveal the pattern in this part of the country, Bartolome noted.

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“Because humans most commonly contract hantavirus through exposure to aerosolized rodent urine or droppings, precautions remain essential when cleaning areas with evidence of rodent activity,” she added.

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The study presented some limitations, primarily that it only measured the infection in rodents and did not evaluate human transmission risk.

Additionally, the samples were only taken in the Palouse region and may not be generalized to all the Pacific Northwest.

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The research was also conducted during a single season, which means the conclusions don’t reflect year-round data.

The study suggests the need for expanded hantavirus monitoring in the Pacific Northwest, especially in agricultural areas. 

The study presented some limitations, primarily that it only measured the infection in rodents and did not evaluate human transmission risk. (iStock)

The researchers recommend efforts to prevent rodent exposure for living and farming in rural areas. Longer-term studies could help clarify how environmental conditions and seasonal changes affect prevalence of the virus, they added.

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“People may be exposed more often than we realize, but severe cases are more likely to be tested for hantavirus,” said Pilar Fernandez, a co-author on the study and a disease ecologist in the Allen School whose research focuses on the eco-epidemiology of zoonotic diseases, in the release.

“Understanding that gap — how exposure translates into disease — is the next big step.”

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