Fitness
Just four minutes of key exercise can quadruple fitness in older adults
You could be building serious strength in the time it takes to unload the dishwasher.
A new study from Penn State College of Medicine found that engaging in as little as four minutes of four key exercises may be enough to support overall physical function in aging folk.
“The human body is designed to improve very quickly,” said lead author Christopher Sciamanna. “And just a few repetitions of an exercise performed regularly can lead to huge improvements. Exercise is about forward thinking — think about what you want to be able to do and train for it.”
Published in PLOS One, the study examined the effects of a minimal strength-training regimen on adults age 65 and older — and found marked improvement in as little as 12 weeks.
Previous research has established that strength training can help people remain independent, recover from illness or injury, travel more easily and stay active later in life.
But less than 20% of older adults meet the recommended two days per week of muscle-strengthening activity.
Experts suspect one barrier to committing to a strength-training routine is the belief that a serious time commitment is required to reap the benefits.
Yet Sciamanna and his team found that those benefits can be reaped in a shockingly short time.
“There are huge problems with people wanting to do exercise. If we can make it short, we’re partway there,” co-author Smita Dandekar assured.
Building on earlier research that found shorter routines just as effective as longer sets, the team tested a program called FAST (Functional Activity Strength Training)-2, which included four key exercises: push-ups, chair stands, two-arm rows and stair stepping.
About 100 participants, with an average age of 74, were assigned this exercise regimen or no regimen at all.
Those doing the exercise were given resistance bands and an adjustable stepper and instructed to perform each exercise for 30 seconds, followed by 30 seconds of rest.
Modifications, such as performing pushups with hands on a countertop or wall, or chair stands with hands on the knees, were allowed.
As the study continued and participants improved, they were asked to try more advanced versions of the exercises, dropping modifications when possible and increasing step height.
To measure progress, participants’ ability to stand up and stand on one leg was assessed at the beginning, middle, and end of the study.
“These indicators predict your future ability to go into a nursing home, your future likelihood of falling, and of developing difficulty walking,” Sciamanna said. “They give you a sense of whether or not you’re going to be able to be active in the future.”
Several studies have linked balance and stability to overall health.
A 2022 study dubbed the “flamingo challenge” found that middle-aged people who cannot balance on one foot for 10 seconds face a dramatically higher risk of early death.
In this latest study, researchers found that participants who followed the exercise regimen showed significant improvements in functional performance over three months. On average, the exercise cohort could do 4.2 more repetitions in a 30-second chair stand, 3.6 more seconds in one-legged stand time, and shaved 2.3 seconds off their sit-to-stand time.
“These changes point to related improvements in daily life fitness, such as standing up from a chair, climbing stairs, and walking,” said Sciamanna.
Results show that the brevity of the exercise program increased the likelihood that participants would commit to it, with participants completing the routine on 81% of days.
According to Sciamanna, this completion rate proves that the program can easily fit into stacked schedules and time constraints, factors that have historically discouraged aging adults from starting and maintaining a fitness practice.
“The findings are a promising indication that resistance training regimens do not have to be long to make a big difference in strength, mobility, and quality of life,” said Sciamanna.
Fitness
The bridge variation women over 40 need to build deep core strength – without a single crunch
Building a stronger core is important at any age, but particularly once you wave goodbye to your 30s. Research shows muscle mass decreases approximately 3-8% per decade after this age, with the rate of loss increasing further after 60, and because having a strong core is so important to overall mobility, it’s an area of the body you don’t want to neglect.
Luckily, strength and fat loss coach Silvana Catalano has shared the ab exercise she credits with helping her build a stronger core after 40.
‘I stopped doing crunches and started doing this foam roller bridge variation instead,’ she said. ‘[It works] better than any crunch.’
Explaining why she moved away from the traditional ab exercise, Catalano said that ‘crunches flex [bend] your spine repeatedly under load’.
‘After 40, this can cause neck strain, back pain and only targets your surface muscles — not your deep core muscles,’ she added.
How to do the foam roller single-leg bridge with leg extension
- Lie on your back with both heels on a foam roller, knees bent, and arms by your sides.
- Press through your heels to lift your hips into a bridge, creating a straight line from your shoulders to your knees.
- Keeping your hips elevated and level, extend one leg straight up toward the ceiling.
- Hold briefly, maintaining control and avoiding any hip drop or rotation.
- Lower the extended leg back to the starting position with control.
- Repeat on the opposite side while keeping your hips elevated throughout.
Perform 3 sets of 10-12 reps each side.
You can progressively overload the exercise every week, or increase the difficulty, in a few ways, including:
- Adding extra sets or reps
- Holding the bridge position for longer
- Adding weight by placing a dumbbell or weight plate across your hips or a resistance band around your thighs
Why it works
‘The foam roller is the game changer,’ says Catalano. ‘It creates instability that forces your deep core to work overtime to stabilise your entire body.’
Your transverse abdominis — the deep core muscle that wraps around your waist like a corset — fires throughout the entire movement.
She added that this is the muscle which can help to make your stomach appear flatter.
‘Not your surface abs or your rectus abdominis [your ‘six pack’ muscles] but the deep muscles underneath’,’ she concluded.
Combining the foam roller bridge with the single leg extension engages your glutes, hamstrings, core and hip flexors simultaneously, improving lower-body strength and control.
One of our most frequently asked questions here at Women’s Health? How to build muscle and burn fat at the same time. So, we asked superstar trainer Oyinda Okunowo exactly how to do it. In this 4-week plan – created exclusively for Women’s Health COLLECTIVE members – you’ll get the workouts and nutrition guidance needed to help you on your way to better body composition. Tap the link below to unlock 14 days of free access to Oyinda’s plan and start training today.
Get the plan
Fitness
Strength training over decades linked to longer life – Harvard Health
We’ve long known that aerobic exercise might help us live longer, and now strength training is being credited with the same effect. People who do up to two hours of strength training each week, over several decades, may reduce their risk of dying earlier from several serious conditions, including heart disease and neurological diseases, according to a Harvard-led study published June 12, 2026, in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
Researchers analyzed three major studies involving 147,374 adults (79% women) who were middle-aged or older at the study’s start and tracked for up to 30 years. Participants reported how frequently and vigorously they exercised, including resistance training (which can include weight lifting and body-weight movements) and aerobic activity (such as brisk walking, cycling, and running). Deaths from all causes were also recorded.
Participants who logged between 90 and 119 minutes of resistance training each week were 13% less likely to die during the study period from any cause compared with those who did no strength training. They also had a 19% lower risk of dying from cardiovascular disease and a 27% lower risk of dying from neurological diseases such as dementia. Aerobic exercise remained a strong, independent predictor of living longer, but the greatest benefit was observed when resistance training was combined with it. Participants who regularly did both had up to a 45% lower risk of dying during the study period than those who did little aerobic activity and no resistance training.
If you don’t already engage in strength training, it may be wise to start. Begin with body-weight exercises such as squats, push-ups, or step-ups on a low stair. Add resistance bands or light dumbbells to increase the benefits. Consider enlisting the guidance of a physical therapist or personal trainer, and aim for consistency over time.
Image: © The Good Brigade/Getty Images
Fitness
‘This works’: Fitness icon Suzy Jalowsky, 60, shares the simple exercise formula she swears by
It’s easy to overcomplicate your fitness routine, especially when you’re being bombarded by information on social media about how to optimise every aspect of your workouts. But improving your fitness and building strength doesn’t have to be complicated – as a new reel from fitness icon Suzi Jalowsky shows.
The 60-year-old shared how just 30 minutes of walking daily paired with three simple strength workouts can help women over 40 ‘look better, feel better and stay strong’ as they age.
‘This works,’ she wrote in the caption. ‘Consistency with the basics will take you where you want to be. We often look for complicated solutions, but the basics are what truly change your body.’
Suzi Jalowsky’s strength routine
To add to the simplicity of the workout, Jalowsky uses just two 12lb (roughly 5kg) dumbbells throughout – so you don’t need to spend hundreds of pounds on expensive equipment to get started.
The workout
How to do the moves
- Stand with your feet hip-width apart and a slight bend in your knees.
- Hinge at your hips until your chest is almost parallel to the floor, keeping your back flat and your shoulders down.
- Hold a dumbbell in each hand with your palms facing each other and your arms hanging below your shoulders.
- With a slight bend in your elbows, raise the weights out to shoulder height, squeezing your upper back and shoulder blades together.
- Lower the dumbbells back to the starting position with control.
- Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart, holding a dumbbell in each hand.
- Bend over while bracing your core and keeping your back straight and chin tucked.
- Draw the dumbbells towards your waist, keeping the elbow tucked into your side.
- To complete the rep, extend the arms back to the starting position.
- Stand with your feet hip-width apart, hands on your hips.
- Take a big step back with your right leg, crossing it behind your left. Bend your knees and lower your hips until your left thigh is nearly parallel to the floor. Keep your torso upright and your hips and shoulders as square as possible to the wall in front of you.
- Return to start. Then repeat on the other side.
- Start with a dumbbell in each hand, arms down and palms facing your body.
- Rotate each hand so your palms face forwards. Keeping a slight bend in the knees, activate your glutes.
- Engaging your core to avoid any sway in the hips, bend your arms, lifting one of weights to chest height in a slow, controlled movement.
- Keep your shoulders relaxed and down, and keep your head, neck and spine neutral. Don’t arch your back.
- In another slow, controlled movement, lower the weight back down to your thighs by straightening your arms while raising the other one to your chest. Repeat.
- Stand with your knees bent and lean forward slightly, with a dumbbell in each hand.
- Keeping your back straight, bend your dumbell-holding arm 90 degrees at the elbow so your triceps are aligned with your back and your biceps are perpendicular to the floor.
- Engage your core and your triceps and hinge at the elbow, lifting the dumbbell up and back as you try and straighten your arm. Your triceps should stay still; only your elbow moves.
- Guide the weight upward until your arm is straight, pause, then lower back down slightly to begin your pulses.
- Stand with your feet slightly wider than shoulder width apart, evenly distribute your weight, and turn your toes out to 10 and 2 o’clock. Hold a dumbbell in each hand.
- Keep your core tight and chest tall as you inhale, bend your knees, and sink your hips down until your thighs are parallel to the floor.
- Exhale as you drive through your feet back to an upright standing position.
Upright row
- Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart, holding the dumbbells with straight arms in front of your legs. Your palms should face your body.
- Engage your abs. Keep your chest up and eyes forward.
- Lift the dumbbells up to mid-chest height or just below your chin. Keep your dumbbells close to your body by raising your elbows up and out to the sides.
- Pause at the top, then lower with control to the beginning.
Serve the platter
- Stand with your feet hip-width apart, holding a dumbbell in each hand.
- Bend your elbows to 90 degrees, tucking them tightly against your waist with your palms facing upwards.
- Slowly extend your arms out in front, raising them to shoulder height.
- Pull your elbows pack to the starting position.
- Start with your feet together, holding a dumbbell in both hands at your sides. Shift your weight to your left leg, with your knee slightly bent.
- Hinge at your hips to bring your chest down while raising your right leg behind you until your body is in a line from your head to your right foot.
- Reverse back to the starting position and repeat, then switch sides.
Star jump with squat
- Start by standing with your feet shoulder-width apart and a single dumbbell held with both your hands in front of your chest.
- In one movement, jump your feet out to the side and press the dumbbell over your head.
- Jump your feet back in, bring the dumbbell back to your chest and lower into a squat. Continue by jumping your feet out to the side again and repeating the movement.
One of our most frequently asked questions here at Women’s Health? How to build muscle and burn fat at the same time. So, we asked superstar trainer Oyinda Okunowo exactly how to do it. In this 4-week plan – created exclusively for Women’s Health COLLECTIVE members – you’ll get the workouts and nutrition guidance needed to help you on your way to better body composition. Tap the link below to unlock 14 days of free access to Oyinda’s plan and start training today.
Get the plan
Lauren Geall is deputy site editor for Women’s Health UK and Men’s Health UK. She graduated from Exeter University with a BA in English Literature before studying an MA in Magazine Journalism at City, University London. She’s been writing about health, fitness and wellbeing for over five years, with a total of seven years in digital journalism. Prior to her current role, she worked at Stylist as the acting health and fitness editor. As well as being a keen runner, Lauren is passionate about women’s sport and can often be found cheering on Arsenal Women at the Emirates or keeping tabs on the Red Roses’ latest win.
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