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SpaceX shares rise 19% in stock market debut after historic IPO

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SpaceX shares rise 19% in stock market debut after historic IPO

SpaceX, the once fledgling aerospace company that Elon Musk predicted had a slim chance of survival, reached new heights on Friday with a historic initial public offering.

Shares of SpaceX, trading under the ticker SPCX, closed the day at $160.95, 19% above the offering price, transforming it into one of the world’s most valuable companies with a $2.2-trillion market cap. The IPO also made the 54-year-old Musk the world’s first trillionaire.

The IPO capped a remarkable journey for a 24-year-old company that nearly shut down after a series of failed launches until its Falcon 1 rocket in 2008 orbited the earth and clinched a crucial NASA contract.

“It is certainly hard to believe that a little company that started in a warehouse in El Segundo is now going public with the largest IPO ever,” Musk told cheering employees at the company’s Texas headquarters.

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The company raised $75 billion in the offering after selling 555 million shares at $135 to institutional and retail investors. With the shares in high demand, SpaceX could raise even more money.

It granted the nearly two dozen underwriters of the IPO, led by Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, an additional 83 million shares, which could raise its total take to $86 billion.

The IPO is easily the largest on record, surpassing the 2019 offering by Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia’s state-owned oil giant, which raised $29.4 billion.

“They clearly priced it right, at least for one day. It should just make you optimistic for the markets for, especially for growth stocks,” said Robert Gruendyke, senior portfolio manager at Allspring Global Investments.

Musk has big plans for the company, which already dominates the world’s rocket launch business and is the leading satellite-based broadband provider with its Starlink service. It also has spent billions to buy spectrum for satellite-based mobile communications service.

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Key to its efforts is Starship, a rocket being tested that is larger than the Saturn V that took astronauts to the moon. NASA is relying on it to return Americans there, while Musk eventually wants to fly it to Mars.

Musk sees it as crucial to his AI ambitions. Musk merged his xAI artificial intelligence company into SpaceX this year, with the combined entity recently announcing it was leasing computer power to rivals Anthropic and Google at two terrestrial data centers it has constructed.

Musk contends the future of AI lies in launching thousands of satellite data centers into space, where they will perform computer calculations while orbiting the Earth powered by a continuous supply of solar energy — a vision critics see as far-fetched.

However, Musk has proved skeptics wrong in the past, especially those who bet against Tesla when it conducted its $1.7-billion IPO in 2010. At the time, CNBC personality Jim Cramer called the $17 shares a “sell, sell, sell.”

While it took until 2020 for the stock to really take off as Model 3 sales grew, shares of the electric vehicle maker closed Friday at $406.43, giving Tesla a market capitalization of $1.5 trillion.

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The SpaceX IPO was a gold mine for Musk’s venture capital backers in Silicon Valley, including Peter Thiel’s Founders Fund, Andreessen Horowitz and Sequoia Capital, which reportedly had stakes now valued at $10 billion or more.

It also made an estimated 4,000 current and former SpaceX employees millionaires, with another 400 achieving a net worth exceeding $100 million, said Andrew Benson, chief executive of Hill.com, an investment platform for trading stock in pre-IPO tech companies.

SpaceX is currently headquartered in south Texas after moving there in 2024 from Hawthorne, where it had its executive offices for years after expanding from its original El Segundo warehouse.

However, the company retains large operations in the South Bay city, where it has more than 6,000 employees out of at least 22,000 companywide. And it blasts off its Falcon 9 rocket regularly from Vandenberg Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County.

Benson said that he estimates the “vast majority” of current and former employees with more than $100 million in stock are in Southern California due to a stock awards plan that has favored length of tenure over an employee’s role.

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“It’s just great to see employees be able to convert their labor into capital,” he said.

Even before Friday’s IPO, former employees of SpaceX have helped seed an aerospace and defense boom largely in Southern California, starting some 70 companies, including well-known startups Relativity Space, Impulse Space and K2 Space, according to the alumnifounders.com tracking site.

Van Espahbodi, co-founder of Generational Partners, a Los Angeles venture capital fund, expects the IPO will result in even more employees taking a crack at their own firms.

“It will allow many of them to pursue their vision,” he said. “I am aware of extreme cases where people took on credit card debt to maximize preserving their shares and not having to sell off, so that they can go and do their thing.”

Demand for the IPO shares was feverish on Wall Street.

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The offering was reported to be oversubscribed four times over by big institutional investors. Blackrock, the New York money manager that is the world’s largest, was seeking to buy as much as $5 billion of the stock, Bloomberg reported.

That was despite concerns by critics that the company was overvalued and skepticism of a governance structure that puts few constraints on Musk. He holds special shares with 10 times the voting power of common shares that put him in control of the company’s board.

Investment research firm Morningstar placed a $780 billion valuation on SpaceX, focusing on its core rocket and Starlink broadband satellite businesses. It suggested investors wait a few months for the stock to settle before buying in.

With AI leaders OpenAi and Anthropic next lined up to conduct initial public offerings, Jim Chanos, a veteran short seller, likened the era to the first dot.com boom, which ended with a tech bust — except more extreme.

“This is much bigger,” he said, in a Bloomberg News interview.

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Whatever the hype or unease about the offering, SpaceX reached the IPO after an impressive record of achievements that transformed the space business.

After outgrowing its original El Segundo space and moving into a massive former Northrop facility in 2007, the next year it launched its first successful rocket and set about developing its now workhorse Falcon 9.

The rocket, first launched in 2010, is partially reusable and is estimated to have lowered launch costs by some 95% compared to traditional single-use rockets.

It’s estimated the Falcon 9 accounted for more than 80% of the mass sent up into space last year — giving rise to the new generation of aerospace companies that rely on it.

It also has been key to the company’s Starlink business, which sent up its first satellites in 2019. SpaceX even launched 29 Starlinks on Friday. There are now more than 10,000 in orbit with plans for thousands more as demand grows.

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Paul Habibi, a real estate lecturer at UCLA and principal of Grayslake Advisors in El Segundo, said he believes the IPO should boost the South Bay real estate market, as insiders granted stocks spend some of their newfound wealth.

“A lot of those folks are probably going to line up around the block to buy into neighborhoods like Manhattan Beach,” he said.

Meanwhile, retail investors placed more than $100 billion in orders, far more than had been reserved for them in the IPO, Bloomberg said. It was expected individual investors would end up with a 20% share of the offering.

Many of those retail buyers are devoted Musk fans and are assumed to want to hold the stock, but others were expected to have flipped the stock Friday for a quick profit.

Angela Lee, a professor at Columbia Business School, thinks the individual investors who think they will strike it rich could be mistaken — though she doesn’t entirely discount the possibility.

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“I think they think it’s a golden ticket, when it’s more likely they are holding a lottery ticket,” she said.

Bloomberg News contributed to this report.

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A ‘next generation studio’ for YouTube creators

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A ‘next generation studio’ for YouTube creators

Hollywood’s fascination with YouTube creators is going to the next level.

Los Angeles-based investment firm Content Partners and media entrepreneur Ed Simpson announced Tuesday that they are launching a new company, Wonderloom Media, that will acquire YouTube-creator led businesses.

Wonderloom’s first acquisition is YouTube true-crime channel Dr. Insanity, which has more than 5 million subscribers and more than 1.3 billion total views.

Content Partners owns or licenses more than 800 films and more than 3,000 hours of television content. The company co-owns the “CSI” franchise.

“This is a kind of next step evolution in the type of IP we will be acquiring,” Alphonse Lordo, a partner at Content Partners, said in an interview.

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The effort comes as the film industry continues to struggle to bring more people into movie theaters and has had recent success with the YouTube creator-led films “Obsession” and “Backrooms.” As studios and TV networks have shed jobs over the years, more entertainment workers are applying their expertise at major YouTube creator-led businesses, which have continued to grow their audiences.

YouTube’s audience has shifted from smartphones to TVs, on which many U.S. consumers watch YouTube videos with their families. That in turn has attracted streamers such as Netflix to partner with YouTube creators to bring their content to the same platform that has high-budget television shows and movies.

Simpson, a former TV producer who will be Wonderloom’s chief executive, said Dr. Insanity was the “perfect first acquisition” because it had a loyal audience, proven storytelling and meaningful room to expand. “True crime is an incredibly sticky genre of programming that works just as well as it does on YouTube, as it does on Netflix and linear and cable channels,” he said in an interview.

Financial terms of the deal were not disclosed.

Wonderloom, based in L.A., also will assist entrepreneurs who started YouTube channels grow their businesses.

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The new company also is eyeing possible acquisitions in food, travel and general entertainment programming, added Simpson, a former chief strategy officer at Wheelhouse, a production firm behind “America’s Sweethearts: Dallas Cowboy Cheerleaders.”

“This is about building the next generation studio, so we think of this as the beginnings of Paramount, of Warner Bros., of those great studios,” Simpson said. “We see this space following in that very same pattern right now.”

Other Hollywood companies also are getting into the creator business acquisition space. Last month, Century City-based Creative Artists Agency said it was partnering with Integrated Media Co. to form a $250-million holding company called Compound Creative Holdings that will acquire and operate a portfolio of creator economy businesses.

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Netflix to add videos from digital publishers to its homepage

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Netflix to add videos from digital publishers to its homepage

Netflix is going bite-sized. In a pivot toward the short-form content dominating TikTok and YouTube, the streaming giant announced it will start hosting three- to 20-minute videos from top digital publishers right on its homepage starting Aug. 3.

The streamer said U.S. customers will see “fan-favorite videos” from brands run by digital publishers, including BuzzFeed Studios, Condé Nast, Hearst Magazines, PMX (a subdivision of Penske Media), People Inc. and Tastemade. The videos will cover a variety of topics, including gardening tips, travel and celebrity profiles.

The rollout comes as Netflix competes for audience time from YouTube and social media platforms such as TikTok that have viral videos that can occupy users for hours. By bringing series such as BuzzFeed Celeb’s “30 Questions,” on which celebrities provide answers, or Vanity Fair’s “Lie Detector,” on which celebrities are hooked up to polygraph machines, Netflix users can learn more information about the people they already watch on the streamer, but in shorter videos.

“Members don’t just want to watch a show or film and move on. They want to keep exploring the stories and personalities they love long after the final credits roll,” said John Derderian, a Netflix vice president overseeing the initiative. “These partnerships help us deepen fandom and create more ways for members to carry those stories with them throughout their day.”

Netflix said it will offer licensed archival and ongoing series, including Harper’s Bazaar’s “Burning Questions,” Billboard’s “24 Hrs With” and People’s “My Life in Pictures” that provide an inside look at celebrities.

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The videos from digital publishers will also be available to Netflix customers in Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand on Aug. 3.

The Los Gatos, Calif., streamer over time has been expanding its library of content, adding games, live programming such as boxing matches and football games, alongside movies and TV shows.

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Commentary: While Trump declares that U.S. is enjoying ‘best economy ever,’ manufacturing jobs have been disappearing

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Commentary: While Trump declares that U.S. is enjoying ‘best economy ever,’ manufacturing jobs have been disappearing

Based on the words of President Trump, America is well on the way to becoming a “global superpower in manufacturing” — indeed, as he declared in a Father’s Day social media post, we are already experiencing the “BEST ECONOMY EVER.” (Capitalization’s his.)

Here’s what the government’s own statistics tell us: Manufacturing investment has crashed during his watch, with construction spending in the manufacturing sector down 26.4% from Trump’s inauguration through May, to $174.8 billion. That’s the lowest figure since February 2023, when the economy was in the midst of a post-pandemic recovery.

White House spokesman Kush Desai told me by email that “the last two jobs reports” showed manufacturing job growth. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported a seasonally-adjusted decline of 2,000 manufacturing workers in May and a gain of 3,000 in June. But the June 2026 figure was 38,000 jobs, or about 0.3% below the level in June 2025, and 75,000 or about 0.6% below the level in January 2025, when Trump took office.

Desai said that “thanks to President Trump’s proven agenda of tariffs, deregulation, and tax cuts, American manufacturing will continue to rebound.”

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There’s little mystery about what has come between Trump’s ambition and the real world. To a large extent it’s Trump’s economic program, particularly his tariff policies and, more recently, his war with Iran. Those have injected a level of uncertainty for corporate managements pondering whether to spend money on expansion that they haven’t had to confront in years.

From where we’re standing, we are not seeing signs of a manufacturing renaissance in the U.S.

— Didi Caldwell, Global Location Strategies

The tariffs and the war have driven up manufacturers’ costs for raw materials and overseas shipping. The general economic atmosphere doesn’t help. U.S. gross domestic product growth came in at a 2.1% annualized rate in the first quarter of this year, but the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta expects it to have fallen to 1.3% in the second quarter ended June 30.

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Meanwhile, the University of Michigan consumer confidence index reached 44.8 in May, its lowest level ever (though it improved to 49.5 in June). Wages have been rising modestly, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but those gains have been eaten up by higher prices, especially for gasoline and food.

To put things another way, the actual figures show the U.S. economy to be sputtering, and the “vibe economy” as measured by consumer confidence is doing even worse.

Now that Trump’s second term is about to reach its 18-month mark, let’s unpack the factors causing the discrepancy between his ambitions and claims, and the reality.

Trump declared economic victory just as his term was starting. On March 20, 2025, he proclaimed a “manufacturing renaissance” in the U.S. That was based on what he said were “trillions of dollars in new investments” he had “already secured in tech-based manufacturing.”

A White House statement said “the list of manufacturing wins is endless.” The provided list was a roster of announcements, not groundbreakings, much less completed ventures.

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Business executives quite properly have taken these pledges with mounds of salt. “Announcements are what people say they’re going to do, but dollars spent is what’s actually happening,” Didi Caldwell, chief executive of a firm that helps companies find factory sites, told the Financial Times. “From where we’re standing, we are not seeing signs of a manufacturing renaissance in the U.S.”

Indeed, at least some of these announcements have had the flavor of performative efforts to satisfy Trump’s amour propre and extract government concessions.

For example, Apple Chief Executive Tim Cook appeared with Trump at the White House in August to announce a $600-billion U.S. spending plan to take place over four years. That was a $100-billion increase over its previously-announced program.

More to the point, however, it incorporated spending with suppliers that Apple had been working with for years. Mentioned in the news announcement was a commitment to buy cover glass for iPhones from Corning. But Corning has been supplying that glass since the first iPhone appeared in 2007. In any case, the announcement appeared to secure a commitment from Trump to exempt Apple from tariffs imposed on imported chips.

Apple’s announcement Wednesday that it will spend $30 billion to buy chips from Broadcom was similarly ambiguous. The announcement didn’t provide details about the terms of the commitment or the timing of its expenditures. I asked Apple for details and whether the deal was related to a desire to remain in Trump’s favor, but didn’t hear back.

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A similar phenomenon occurred during Trump’s first term; Trump had built much of his 2016 presidential campaign on a promise to increase manufacturing jobs in the United States. He blamed shrinkage in the manufacturing sector on trade agreements such as NAFTA and the policies of the Chinese, and took credit when an American manufacturer agreed to create or save jobs in the United States.

As I reported in 2019, many of those arrangements turned out to be exaggerated or bogus, or predated Trump’s claim. Some disappeared as soon as public attention turned elsewhere, or were outweighed by job cuts made elsewhere by the same companies.

Trump’s tariffs appear to have had a direct effect on manufacturing employment in the U.S. Since Trump’s inauguration, the manufacturing sector has shed about 75,000 jobs, or 0.6%. After April 2, 2025, when he announced global “liberation day” tariffs supposedly as a response to years of unfair treatment of American exports, the decline picked up pace, with a shrinkage of 68,000 manufacturing jobs.

The Supreme Court invalidated those tariffs in February, but others are still in place, including tariffs on imported steel and aluminum and on goods from China. Nor has he ceased threatening partners with trade wars. As recently as Tuesday, he said he would cut off all trade with Spain because of that country’s disagreement with him over its defense spending and its criticism of his Iran war.

As it happens, Spain is one of the few countries with which the U.S. has a trade surplus. That means that any cutoff, which trade experts think will be unlikely, would come at a cost to the U.S.

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One might have hoped that Trump had learned a lesson from his first-term trade war with China. That conflict provoked a sharp contraction in the manufacturing economy, with the Institute for Supply Management’s purchasing managers index falling to 49.1 by mid-2019. (A reading below 50 signifies contraction.)

The ISM index began to recover toward the end of Trump’s term but fell again during the pandemic. Lately it has been falling again, to 53.3 in June from 54 in May.

The Iran war is another deadweight on domestic manufacturing. That’s partially the consequence of blockages of the Strait of Hormuz, the crucial thoroughfare not only for middle eastern oil, but also for such industrial inputs as fertilizer and aluminum. Cement, concrete, olive oil and spices are also among commodities produced in the region that use the strait as an outlet to reach the outside world.

Uncertainties in the region, tensions between the U.S. and China, and heightened concerns over the safety of shipping overall have driven up shipping costs between the far east and the U.S. The price of shipping a benchmark 40-foot container from China to the West Coast has nearly quadrupled to $6,687 now from about $1,700 just before the Iran war began, according to an index maintained by the cargo firm Freightos — even though shipping prices typically decline during this time of year.

There can be little doubt that the U.S. would benefit from an industrial policy — if it’s coherent. China supplanted America as the world’s leading exporter of manufactured goods in 2010, and the gap has only widened since then. China’s dominance may be hard to reverse, as it’s built on lower labor costs and transport infrastructure that enjoys focused government investment.

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Tariffs could be a component of a new industrial policy, but Trump’s tariffs aren’t rationally geared to protecting domestic industries that need protection. They’re expressions of his whims, and as such they’re totally ineffective. If there are government investment policies targeting industries that need assistance, they’re not apparent to economists or industrialists.

Trump can talk as much as he likes about a golden age for U.S. manufacturing, but from his first term through this one, it’s nothing but talk. And talk, of course, is cheap.

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