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Disposable vapes more toxic and carcinogenic than cigarettes, study shows

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Disposable vapes more toxic and carcinogenic than cigarettes, study shows

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Illegal disposable e-cigarettes, also known as vapes, may present a greater danger than traditional cigarettes, according to a study from the University of California (UC) Davis.

The research, published in the journal ACS Central Science, found that hazardous levels of several toxic heavy metals in illegal vapes could present a high cancer risk.

Researchers used a special instrument to test the puffs from three popular vape brands — ELF Bar, Flum Pebble and Esco — that are not FDA-authorized for use in the U.S., but are widely sold by retailers.

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Three heavy metals — lead, nickel and antimony — were detected in all heavily flavored and lightly flavored devices that were tested. 

These metals are classified as carcinogens, potentially leading to various types of cancers, such as skin, lung and kidney, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 

UC Davis researchers have discovered high levels of toxic metals in some popular disposable vape brands. (iStock)

All vapors exceeded the cancer risk limits for nickel, which has been linked to cardiovascular disease, asthma, lung fibrosis and respiratory tract cancer, per NIH.

Brett Poulin, senior study author and assistant professor at the UC Davis Department of Environmental Toxicology, told Fox News Digital that he was shocked at the levels of toxic metals.

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“When I analyzed the first samples, the lead concentrations were so high that I genuinely thought the instrument was broken,” he said. “The levels far exceeded anything in our past data, or even the published literature.”

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One of the brands tested exposes users to as much lead as smoking 19 packs of cigarettes, the researchers discovered.

Additionally, most of the disposable e-cigarettes tested in the study were found to contain greater levels of metals and metalloids than older refillable vapes.

After evaluating about a week’s worth of puffs, the researchers determined that lead, nickel and antimony were detected in all tested vapes. (iStock)

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At one point, Poulin said, he physically opened a device and discovered that it was using leaded copper alloys, which are metals made primarily of copper with small amounts of lead.

“These materials leached dangerous levels of lead into the e-liquid, even without the device being used,” Poulin told Fox News Digital.

“It remains unclear whether this was an intentional design choice, a cost-cutting measure or a manufacturing oversight.”

“This neurotoxin poses serious health risks, particularly to children and adolescents.”

There is no known safe level of lead exposure, according to Poulin.

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“This neurotoxin poses serious health risks, particularly to children and adolescents, who are especially vulnerable.”

Daniel Sterman, M.D., director of the Pulmonary Oncology Program at the NYU Langone Perlmutter Cancer Center, told Fox News Digital that the study “clearly” demonstrates high concentrations of metal.

Men were found to be more likely to vape than women, according to the CDC. (iStock)

“There are several health risks of vaping that we enumerate for our patients and their family members, [such as] risks of various lung diseases, including asthma, COPD and lung cancer,” said Sterman, who was not involved in the study.

The doctor noted that while it is challenging to establish a direct link of causation between disposable vapes and cancer, he does see cancer patients who use the devices.

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“Disposable vapes should be highly regulated by local, state and federal agencies, and restricted to those individuals 21 years or older,” Sterman recommends.

The doctor also called for the packaging on disposable vapes to clearly outline the many health risks, “particularly to teenagers and young adults.”

Potential limitations

One of the primary limitations of the study was that only three disposable e-cigarette brands were tested out of the hundreds currently on the market. 

There are distinct differences in the metal leaching and profiles across all three brands, Poulin shared. 

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The Center for Disease Control (CDC) found that the percentage of adults who used electronic cigarettes increased from 4.5% in 2019 to 6.5% in 2023. (iStock)

“We still know very little about the metal content in the vast majority of untested disposable e-cigarette products,” he said. “This gap in knowledge poses a significant public health concern, especially given the popularity of these devices.”

A spokesperson for the China-based brand, ELFBAR, told Fox News Digital that they refute the results of the study, claiming that they stopped shipments in May 2023.

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Due to ongoing trademark litigation, they are unable to market or sell products in the U.S., the company stated.

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“This market void has led to a surge in counterfeits, imitations and illicit variations misusing our brand name,” the spokesperson said. “As such, we have every reason to believe the devices tested in this study are not genuine and were not manufactured by ELFBAR.”

Many disposable vapes that are not FDA-authorized for use in the U.S. are widely sold by retailers. (Mike Kemp/In Pictures via Getty Images)

The spokesperson acknowledged that smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death and disease worldwide, noting that the recent study “continues to undermine public understanding of smoking cessation.”

The other two brands tested in the study did not respond to requests for comment.

“Disposable vapes should be highly regulated by local, state and federal agencies and restricted to those individuals 21 years or older.”

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Electronic cigarette use among adults increased from 4.5% in 2019 to 6.5% in 2023, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Men are more likely to vape than women, while 15.5% of young adults between the ages of 21 and 24 reported using e-cigarettes, the above source states.

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The UC Davis study received support from the University of California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program Grant and the California Agricultural Experiment Station.

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Viral New Year reset routine is helping people adopt healthier habits

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Viral New Year reset routine is helping people adopt healthier habits

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What if your New Year’s resolution could fit inside a tote bag? Social media users are trying the “analog bag” trend, replacing phones with offline activities.

The trend is widely credited to TikTok creator Sierra Campbell, who posted about her own analog bag — containing a crossword book, portable watercolor set, Polaroid camera, planner and knitting supplies — and encouraged followers to make their own. 

Her video prompted many others to share their own versions, with items like magazines, decks of cards, paints, needlepoint and puzzle books.

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“I made a bag of non-digital activities to occupy my hands instead of the phone,” said Campbell, adding that the practice has significantly cut her screen time and filled her life with “creative and communal pursuits that don’t include doom-scrolling.”

“I created the analog bag after learning the only way to change a habit is to replace it with another,” she told Fox News Digital.

Social media users are trying the “analog bag” trend, replacing phones with offline activities like cameras, notebooks and magazines. (Fox News Digital)

The science of healthier habits

Research on habit formation supports the idea of the analog bag, according to Dr. Daniel Amen, a California-based psychiatrist and founder of Amen Clinics. 

“Your brain is a creature of habit,” Amen said during an interview with Fox News Digital. “Neurons that fire together wire together, meaning that every time you repeat a behavior, whether it’s good or bad, you strengthen the neural pathways that make it easier to do it again.”

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Studies show that habits are automatic responses to specific cues — such as boredom, stress or idle time — that typically deliver some kind of reward, according to the doctor. When no alternative behavior is available, people tend to fall back on the same routine, often without realizing it.

Research suggests that replacing an old habit with a new one tied to the same cue is more effective than trying to suppress the behavior altogether.

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“[When] cutting out coffee — you need to have another drink to grab for, not just quit cold turkey. It’s how the pathways in our brains work,” Campbell said.

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By substituting a different routine that still provides stimulation and engagement, people can gradually weaken the original habit and build a new automatic response.

Substituting another activity instead of scrolling on your phone can help quell the impulse to reach for it. (iStock)

“Simply stopping a behavior is very challenging,” Amen said. “Replacing one habit with something that is better for your brain is much easier. That’s how lasting change happens, one step at a time.”

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If alternatives are within arm’s reach, people will be more likely to use them, the doctor said. “Your brain does much better with small, simple actions than big, vague intentions.”

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Instead of saying, “I’ll stop scrolling today,” the doctor recommends choosing a small habit you can do in a few moments in specific situations, like knitting 10 rows of a scarf on your commute or reading a few pages of a book while waiting at the doctor’s office.

“If alternatives are within arm’s reach, you’re more likely to use them,” a brain doctor said. “Your brain does much better with small, simple actions than big, vague intentions.” (iStock)

Campbell shared her own examples of how to use an analog bag. At a coffee shop with friends, she said, she might pull out a crossword puzzle and ask others to help with answers when the conversation lulls.

Instead of taking dozens of photos on her phone, she uses an instant camera, which limits shots and encourages more intentional moments.

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In casual outdoor settings, such as a park or winery, she brings a small watercolor set for a quick creative outlet.

“It’s brought so much joy,” Campbell said of the analog bag trend, “seeing how it resonates with so many.”

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Experts Call It 2026’s Best Diet— ‘The Results Are Often Stunning’

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Experts Call It 2026’s Best Diet— ‘The Results Are Often Stunning’


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Best Diet of 2026 Doubles Weight Loss, Burns Belly Fat Fast| Woman’s World




















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Deadly ‘superbug’ is spreading across US as drug resistance grows, researchers warn

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Deadly ‘superbug’ is spreading across US as drug resistance grows, researchers warn

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A deadly, drug-resistant fungus already spreading rapidly through U.S. hospitals is becoming even more threatening worldwide, though there may be hope for new treatments, according to a new scientific review.

Candida auris (C. auris), often described as a “superbug fungus,” is spreading globally and increasingly resisting human immune systems, Hackensack Meridian Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI) researchers said in a review published in early December.

The findings reinforce prior CDC warnings that have labeled C. auris an “urgent antimicrobial threat” — the first fungal pathogen to receive that designation — as U.S. cases have surged, particularly in hospitals and long-term care centers.

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Approximately 7,000 cases were identified across dozens of U.S. states in 2025, according to the CDC, and it has reportedly been identified in at least 60 countries.

Candida auris is a drug-resistant fungus spreading in hospitals worldwide. (Nicolas Armer/Picture Alliance via Getty Images)

The review, published in Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, helps explain why the pathogen is so difficult to contain and warns that outdated diagnostics and limited treatments lag behind. It was conducted by Dr. Neeraj Chauhan of the Hackensack Meridian CDI in New Jersey, Dr. Anuradha Chowdhary of the University of Delhi’s Medical Mycology Unit and Dr. Michail Lionakis, chief of the clinical mycology program at the National Institutes of Health.

Their findings stress the need to develop “novel antifungal agents with broad-spectrum activity against human fungal pathogens, to improve diagnostic tests and to develop immune- and vaccine-based adjunct modalities for the treatment of high-risk patients,” the researchers said in a statement.

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“In addition, future efforts should focus on raising awareness about fungal disease through developing better surveillance mechanisms, especially in resource-poor countries,” they added. “All these developments should help improve the outcomes and prognosis of patients afflicted by opportunistic fungal infections.”

Candida auris can survive on skin and hospital surfaces, allowing it to spread easily. (iStock)

First identified in 2009 from a patient’s ear sample in Japan, C. auris has since spread to dozens of countries, including the U.S., where outbreaks have forced some hospital intensive care units to shut down, according to the researchers.

The fungus poses the greatest risk to people who are already critically ill, particularly those on ventilators or with weakened immune systems. Once infected, about half of patients may die, according to some estimates.

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Unlike many other fungi, C. auris can survive on human skin and cling to hospital surfaces and medical equipment, allowing it to spread easily in healthcare settings.

“It is resistant to multiple antifungal drugs, and it tends to spread in hospital settings, including on equipment being used on immunocompromised and semi-immunocompromised patients, such as ventilators and catheters,” Dr. Marc Siegel, Fox News senior medical analyst and clinical professor of medicine at NYU Langone, previously told Fox News Digital.

Scientists say the unique cell wall structure of C. auris makes it harder to kill. (iStock)

It is also frequently misdiagnosed, delaying treatment and infection control measures.

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“Unfortunately, symptoms such as fever, chills and aches may be ubiquitous, and it can be mistaken for other infections,” Siegel said.

In September, he said intense research was ongoing to develop new treatments.

Only four major classes of antifungal drugs are currently available, and C. auris has already shown resistance to many of them. While three new antifungal drugs have been approved or are in late-stage trials, researchers warn that drug development has struggled to keep pace with the fungus’s evolution.

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Despite the sobering findings, there is still room for cautious optimism.

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The fungus can cling to skin and hospital surfaces, aiding its spread. (iStock)

In separate research published in December, scientists at the University of Exeter in England discovered a potential weakness in C. auris while studying the fungus in a living-host model. 

The team found that, during infection, the fungus activates specific genes to scavenge iron, a nutrient it needs to survive, according to their paper, published in the Nature portfolio journal Communications Biology in December.

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Because iron is essential for the pathogen, researchers believe drugs that block this process could eventually stop infections or even allow existing medications to be repurposed.

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“We think our research may have revealed an Achilles’ heel in this lethal pathogen during active infection,” Dr. Hugh Gifford, a clinical lecturer at the University of Exeter and co-author of the study, said in a statement.

New research is underway to develop better treatments and diagnostics for C. auris. (iStock)

As researchers race to better understand the fungus, officials warn that strict infection control, rapid detection and continued investment in new treatments remain critical.

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Health experts emphasize that C. auris is not a threat to healthy people.

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Fox News Digital has reached out to the CDI researchers and additional experts for comment.

Fox News Digital’s Angelica Stabile contributed reporting.

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