Health
Dementia among younger people is linked to 15 factors, major study reveals
Early-onset dementia has been on the rise in recent years — and a major new study has identified the likely reasons.
Researchers from Maastricht University (UM) in the Netherlands and the University of Exeter in the U.K. have identified 15 factors linked to the development of dementia earlier in life.
The study findings were published in JAMA Neurology on Dec. 26, 2023.
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“This study shows that there are a wide range of risk factors for young-onset dementia,” Stevie Hendriks, PhD, the lead study author and a postdoctoral researcher at Maastricht University, told Fox News Digital.
While some of them are genetic, others can be controlled through lifestyle changes.
Researchers from Maastricht University in the Netherlands and the University of Exeter in the U.K. have now identified 15 factors linked to the development of dementia earlier in life — “challenging the notion that genetics are the sole cause of the condition.” (iStock)
“This study changes our understanding of young-onset dementia, challenging the notion that genetics are the sole cause of the condition and highlighting that a range of risk factors may be important,” said Hendriks.
15 risk factors
The study analyzed data from the UK Biobank, which included 356,052 participants who were age 65 and younger and had not received a dementia diagnosis.
The data was collected between 2006 and 2010, with follow-up occurring until March 31, 2021, for England and Scotland, and Feb. 28, 2018, for Wales.
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Of a total of 39 potential risk factors, the researchers identified 15 factors that were “significantly associated” with a higher risk of young-onset dementia.
“This study changes our understanding of young-onset dementia, challenging the notion that genetics are the sole cause of the condition and highlighting that a range of risk factors may be important,” said the lead researcher. (iStock)
Those include the following factors.
1. Lower formal education
2. Lower socioeconomic status
3. The presence of 2 apolipoprotein ε4 allele (APOE ε4, a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer disease)
4. Complete abstinence from alcohol
5. Alcohol use disorder
6. Social isolation
7. Vitamin D deficiency
8. High levels of C-reactive protein (a protein made by the liver that rises with increased inflammation, per Mayo Clinic)
9. Reduced handgrip strength
10. Hearing impairment
11. Orthostatic hypotension (lightheadedness or dizziness when standing after sitting or lying down, according to Mayo Clinic)
12. Stroke
13. Diabetes
14. Heart disease
15. Depression
“We already knew from research on people who develop dementia at older ages that there are a series of modifiable risk factors,” said Hendriks.
“In addition to physical factors, mental health also plays an important role, including avoiding chronic stress, loneliness and depression,” she went on.
“The fact that this is also evident in young-onset dementia came as a surprise to us, and it may offer opportunities to reduce risk in this group.”
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The researchers were also surprised by the alcohol-related findings.
“Our analyses showed that both persons with moderate alcohol use and heavy alcohol use had less risk of young-onset dementia compared to persons who did not drink any alcohol,” Hendriks told Fox News Digital.
“In addition to physical factors, mental health also plays an important role, including avoiding chronic stress, loneliness and depression,” the lead researcher of a new study (not pictured) told Fox News Digital. (iStock)
“We are unsure why this is — one of our theories is that this may be due to the ‘healthy drinker effect,’ meaning that persons who do not drink may … have an illness or take medication,” she went on.
“This means that the persons in the ‘no drinking’ group may be unhealthier than persons in the other groups, leading to the results we found.”
What is young-onset dementia?
When someone develops cognitive decline before age 65, it is defined as young-onset dementia.
There are approximately 370,000 cases of this type of dementia each year, according to a press release from MU.
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“Young-onset dementia has a very serious impact, because the people affected usually still have a job, children and a busy life,” said Hendriks.
“The cause is often assumed to be genetic, but for many people, we don’t actually know exactly what the cause is. This is why we also wanted to investigate other risk factors in this study.”
Those with young-onset dementia can benefit from early diagnosis and support, the researchers noted.
“Young-onset dementia has a very serious impact, because the people affected usually still have a job, children and a busy life.”
“In the future, we hope to be able to provide individual advice on lifestyle and risk factors to decrease the individual risk of young-onset dementia — for instance, for persons who have a genetic predisposition,” Hendriks told Fox News Digital.
Study is ‘welcome addition,’ more research still needed
Claire Sexton, senior director of scientific programs and outreach for the Alzheimer’s Association, based in Chicago, was not involved in the study but shared her reaction to the findings.
“Our risk of developing Alzheimer’s and other dementia is influenced by a variety of factors, including our age, genetics and a host of modifiable factors,” she told Fox News Digital.
As relatively few studies have examined risk factors for young-onset dementia, Sexton said that this new research is a “welcome addition.”
“Our risk of developing Alzheimer’s and other dementia is influenced by a variety of factors, including our age, genetics and a host of modifiable factors,” an Alzheimer’s expert told Fox News Digital. (iStock)
“Not surprisingly, a number of similar risk factors [for] late-onset Alzheimer’s emerged in the authors’ analyses, suggesting possible roles for genetics, socioeconomic status, activity levels, cardiovascular health, education and several additional factors,” Sexton said.
“However, the insights into risk factors provided by this study remain important — once confirmed — in order to inform future risk reduction initiatives.”
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Sexton emphasized, however, that “epidemiological studies” like this one do not prove causation.
“For many of these risk factors, the relationship may be bidirectional — that is, the factor may contribute to and/or be a consequence of disease onset.”
There are approximately 370,000 cases of this type of dementia each year, according to a press release from the university that conducted the research. (iStock)
Hendriks also acknowledged that this was an observational study, “which means we cannot say anything about causation.”
Some factors in the study may be early signs of young-onset dementia rather than risk factors, the researcher noted.
“We need more studies investigating risk factors of young-onset dementia to validate our findings,” she said.
“Although this is the largest study on risk factors for young-onset dementia to date, bigger studies are needed to increase the reliability of the results,” Henriks added.
For more Health articles, visit www.foxnews.com/health.
Health
Hormone therapy boosts weight loss drug results by 35% in women, study finds
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For women struggling with weight gain after menopause, a new study suggests that adding hormone therapy to a popular obesity drug may lead to greater weight loss.
Postmenopausal women lost about 35% more weight when using menopausal hormone therapy alongside tirzepatide — a GLP-1-based, Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for the overweight and obese — compared to those taking the drug alone, according to a Mayo Clinic study.
The findings, published in February in The Lancet Obstetrics, Gynaecology, & Women’s Health, highlight a possible new strategy for addressing weight gain after menopause, when hormonal shifts can increase the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes.
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“This study provides important insights for developing more effective and personalized strategies for managing cardiometabolic risk in postmenopausal women,” Dr. Regina Castaneda, the study’s first author, said in a statement.
A new study found that postmenopausal women lost more weight when combining hormone therapy with a GLP-1-based drug. (iStock)
Researchers analyzed 120 postmenopausal women who were overweight or obese who took tirzepatide for at least 12 months, including 40 who also used hormone therapy and 80 who did not.
Hormone therapy is commonly used to treat menopause symptoms like hot flashes and night sweats, while tirzepatide helps regulate appetite and blood sugar.
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Women in the hormone therapy group lost an average of 19.2% of their body weight, compared to 14.0% in the non-hormone group — about 35% greater relative weight loss — with more women reaching significant weight-loss thresholds, according to the study.
Despite the results, researchers emphasized that the study was observational and cannot prove cause and effect.
Hormonal changes after menopause can increase weight gain and health risks. (iStock)
“Because this was not a randomized trial, we cannot say hormone therapy caused additional weight loss,” said Dr. Maria Daniela Hurtado Andrade, an endocrinologist at Mayo Clinic and senior author of the study.
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Outside experts agree that the findings must be interpreted cautiously.
“As with all observational studies, we need to interpret this study with a grain of salt,” Dr. Gillian Goddard, a board-certified endocrinologist, told Fox News Digital.
Goddard, who is also an adjunct assistant professor of medicine at the NYU Grossman School of Medicine, noted that the findings show a link but do not prove that hormone therapy, which usually includes estrogen, directly caused the additional weight loss.
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“There may be important differences between the two groups,” she added. “For one thing, the group taking estrogen may be healthier than the groups that didn’t take estrogen. … Healthier people are more likely to eat a healthy diet and exercise in addition to taking tirzepatide. That could lead to more weight loss.”
Tirzepatide, a GLP-1-based drug, may be more effective for weight loss when paired with hormone therapy, according to researchers. (iStock)
Symptom relief from the therapy may have also improved sleep and well-being, making it easier for the group to maintain diet and exercise routines, Hurtado Andrade noted.
Researchers also pointed to a possible biological explanation. Preclinical data suggest estrogen may enhance the appetite-suppressing effects of GLP-1-based medications like tirzepatide, according to the study.
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Goddard said that theory is plausible but unproven.
Hormone therapy may ease menopause symptoms and help women stay on track with diet and exercise. (iStock)
“The other possibility is that estrogen interacts with tirzepatide in some way that makes it more potent,” she said. “We will need randomized studies to get a better handle on that.”
As for safety, experts say using the two together appears safe for most women. However, hormone therapy is not recommended for all patients, especially those with a history of certain cancers, blood clots or other underlying health risks, according to the Mayo Clinic.
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Researchers say future randomized trials will aim to confirm the findings and explore whether the combination also improves broader cardiometabolic health outcomes, according to the study.
Experts say more research is needed to confirm whether hormone therapy directly boosts weight loss results with GLP-1 drugs. (iStock)
“If confirmed, this work could speed the development and adoption of new, evidence-based strategies to reduce this risk for millions of postmenopausal women navigating this life stage,” Hurtado Andrade said.
Fox News Digital has reached out to the study authors for comment.
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Health
Most Americans are doing one nightly activity that’s wrecking their sleep, expert says
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If you’re not sleeping well, there could be a variety of reasons, but one habit stands out as the biggest culprit.
Dr. Wendy Troxel, a licensed clinical psychologist and senior behavioral scientist at RAND based in Utah, revealed that phone use at night is the activity that is most likely to have a negative effect on slumber.
“Most people are aware of this, but probably the No. 1 habit that’s contributing to interrupted sleep and poor-quality sleep in Americans is the use of phones at night, particularly in bed,” she said in an interview with Fox News Digital.
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“About 90% of Americans are using their phones in bed, and as much as I would like to tell everybody to remove the phone entirely from the bedroom, I realize that ship has probably sailed by now.”
About 90% of Americans use their phones in bed, the sleep expert said. (iStock)
This disruption is driven by both blue light exposure and the stimulating content on phones, according to Troxel.
“There is blue light emitted from our devices, and blue light can suppress the hormone melatonin, which is the hormone of darkness.”
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“But it’s not just the blue light that is causing sleep disruptions from our phones. It’s really the stimulating content that we’re consuming … (on) social media, which is designed to be addictive, so that you can’t put that phone down,” she added.
The combination of blue light and stimulating content keeps the mind alert and interrupts quality sleep. (iStock)
This content is also “very emotionally activating,” Troxel noted, which is “antithetical to the state we want to be in as we approach sleep.”
To counteract attachment to phones, the sleep expert recommends setting a boundary with one simple rule.
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“I recommend that you try to keep your phone more than arms’ distance away from you while in bed,” she advised. “And set a rule for yourself. If you’re going to use the phone, don’t do it in bed. In fact, make your feet be on the floor if you’re going to use that phone.”
“I recommend that you try to keep your phone more than arms’ distance away from you while in bed,” the sleep expert recommended. (iStock)
Setting this boundary creates “behavioral friction,” according to Troxel.
“As a clinical psychologist, I work with people to help them … break habits that aren’t serving them,” she said. “Having that little bit of behavioral friction makes the habit of immediately grabbing for the phone and scrolling while in bed a little more difficult.
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“And when that automatic behavior is a little more difficult, it’s less likely to occur.”
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