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Dementia among younger people is linked to 15 factors, major study reveals

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Dementia among younger people is linked to 15 factors, major study reveals

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Early-onset dementia has been on the rise in recent years — and a major new study has identified the likely reasons.

Researchers from Maastricht University (UM) in the Netherlands and the University of Exeter in the U.K. have identified 15 factors linked to the development of dementia earlier in life.

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The study findings were published in JAMA Neurology on Dec. 26, 2023.

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“This study shows that there are a wide range of risk factors for young-onset dementia,” Stevie Hendriks, PhD, the lead study author and a postdoctoral researcher at Maastricht University, told Fox News Digital.

While some of them are genetic, others can be controlled through lifestyle changes.

Researchers from Maastricht University in the Netherlands and the University of Exeter in the U.K. have now identified 15 factors linked to the development of dementia earlier in life — “challenging the notion that genetics are the sole cause of the condition.” (iStock)

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“This study changes our understanding of young-onset dementia, challenging the notion that genetics are the sole cause of the condition and highlighting that a range of risk factors may be important,” said Hendriks.

15 risk factors

The study analyzed data from the UK Biobank, which included 356,052 participants who were age 65 and younger and had not received a dementia diagnosis. 

The data was collected between 2006 and 2010, with follow-up occurring until March 31, 2021, for England and Scotland, and Feb. 28, 2018, for Wales.  

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Of a total of 39 potential risk factors, the researchers identified 15 factors that were “significantly associated” with a higher risk of young-onset dementia.

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“This study changes our understanding of young-onset dementia, challenging the notion that genetics are the sole cause of the condition and highlighting that a range of risk factors may be important,” said the lead researcher. (iStock)

Those include the following factors.

1. Lower formal education

2. Lower socioeconomic status

3. The presence of 2 apolipoprotein ε4 allele (APOE ε4, a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer disease)

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4. Complete abstinence from alcohol

5. Alcohol use disorder

6. Social isolation

7. Vitamin D deficiency

8. High levels of C-reactive protein (a protein made by the liver that rises with increased inflammation, per Mayo Clinic)

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9. Reduced handgrip strength

10. Hearing impairment

11. Orthostatic hypotension (lightheadedness or dizziness when standing after sitting or lying down, according to Mayo Clinic)

12. Stroke

13. Diabetes

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14. Heart disease

15. Depression

“We already knew from research on people who develop dementia at older ages that there are a series of modifiable risk factors,” said Hendriks. 

“In addition to physical factors, mental health also plays an important role, including avoiding chronic stress, loneliness and depression,” she went on.

“The fact that this is also evident in young-onset dementia came as a surprise to us, and it may offer opportunities to reduce risk in this group.”

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The researchers were also surprised by the alcohol-related findings.

“Our analyses showed that both persons with moderate alcohol use and heavy alcohol use had less risk of young-onset dementia compared to persons who did not drink any alcohol,” Hendriks told Fox News Digital.

“In addition to physical factors, mental health also plays an important role, including avoiding chronic stress, loneliness and depression,” the lead researcher of a new study (not pictured) told Fox News Digital. (iStock)

“We are unsure why this is — one of our theories is that this may be due to the ‘healthy drinker effect,’ meaning that persons who do not drink may … have an illness or take medication,” she went on. 

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“This means that the persons in the ‘no drinking’ group may be unhealthier than persons in the other groups, leading to the results we found.”

What is young-onset dementia?

When someone develops cognitive decline before age 65, it is defined as young-onset dementia.

There are approximately 370,000 cases of this type of dementia each year, according to a press release from MU.

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“Young-onset dementia has a very serious impact, because the people affected usually still have a job, children and a busy life,” said Hendriks. 

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“The cause is often assumed to be genetic, but for many people, we don’t actually know exactly what the cause is. This is why we also wanted to investigate other risk factors in this study.”

Those with young-onset dementia can benefit from early diagnosis and support, the researchers noted.

“Young-onset dementia has a very serious impact, because the people affected usually still have a job, children and a busy life.”

“In the future, we hope to be able to provide individual advice on lifestyle and risk factors to decrease the individual risk of young-onset dementia — for instance, for persons who have a genetic predisposition,” Hendriks told Fox News Digital. 

Study is ‘welcome addition,’ more research still needed

Claire Sexton, senior director of scientific programs and outreach for the Alzheimer’s Association, based in Chicago, was not involved in the study but shared her reaction to the findings.

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“Our risk of developing Alzheimer’s and other dementia is influenced by a variety of factors, including our age, genetics and a host of modifiable factors,” she told Fox News Digital. 

As relatively few studies have examined risk factors for young-onset dementia, Sexton said that this new research is a “welcome addition.”

“Our risk of developing Alzheimer’s and other dementia is influenced by a variety of factors, including our age, genetics and a host of modifiable factors,” an Alzheimer’s expert told Fox News Digital.  (iStock)

“Not surprisingly, a number of similar risk factors [for] late-onset Alzheimer’s emerged in the authors’ analyses, suggesting possible roles for genetics, socioeconomic status, activity levels, cardiovascular health, education and several additional factors,” Sexton said. 

“However, the insights into risk factors provided by this study remain important — once confirmed — in order to inform future risk reduction initiatives.”

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Sexton emphasized, however, that “epidemiological studies” like this one do not prove causation. 

“For many of these risk factors, the relationship may be bidirectional — that is, the factor may contribute to and/or be a consequence of disease onset.”

There are approximately 370,000 cases of this type of dementia each year, according to a press release from the university that conducted the research. (iStock)

Hendriks also acknowledged that this was an observational study, “which means we cannot say anything about causation.” 

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Some factors in the study may be early signs of young-onset dementia rather than risk factors, the researcher noted. 

“We need more studies investigating risk factors of young-onset dementia to validate our findings,” she said.

“Although this is the largest study on risk factors for young-onset dementia to date, bigger studies are needed to increase the reliability of the results,” Henriks added. 

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Eat More To Lose Weight? She Dropped 55 Pounds by Having 5 Meals a Day

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Eat More To Lose Weight? She Dropped 55 Pounds by Having 5 Meals a Day


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Intermittent fasting’s real benefit may come after you start eating again

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Intermittent fasting’s real benefit may come after you start eating again

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Research continues to uncover new details on how fasting may help extend life.

A new study published in the journal Nature Communications investigated how intermittent fasting can boost longevity in small worms often used in aging research.

Researchers from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas compared worms that were fed normally to those that underwent a 24-hour fast in early adulthood and were then fed again, according to a press release.

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The scientists measured a variety of factors, including stored fat, gene activity related to fat metabolism and lifespan.

The results showed that the life-boosting benefit did not depend on the fasting itself but on the body’s behavior after eating again.

Experts say sustainability is key when choosing a long-term weight-loss strategy. (iStock)

Study lead Peter Douglas, associate professor of molecular biology and a member of the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine at UT Southwestern, suggested that these discoveries “shift the focus toward a neglected side of the metabolic coin – the re-feeding phase.”

“Our data suggest that the health-promoting effects of intermittent fasting are not merely a product of the fast itself, but are dependent on how the metabolic machinery recalibrates during the subsequent transition back to a fed state,” he said.

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“Our findings bridge a gap between lipid metabolism and aging research,” he added. “By targeting aging, the single greatest risk factor for human disease, we move beyond treating isolated conditions toward a preventive model of medicine that enhances quality of life for all individuals.”

Lauri Wright, director of nutrition programs at the University of South Florida’s College of Public Health, called this a “high-quality” study that adds an “important nuance to how we think about fasting and longevity.”

Intermittent fasting typically involves limiting meals to an eight-hour daily window or fasting every other day. (iStock)

The benefits of the refeeding phase after fasting were “especially interesting,” Wright, who was not involved in the study, told Fox News Digital.

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“The researchers showed that longevity was linked to the body’s ability to turn off fat breakdown after fasting, allowing cells to restore energy balance,” she reiterated.

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“From a scientific standpoint, that’s a meaningful shift because it suggests fasting is not just about burning fat, but about metabolic flexibility.”

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Fasting may support longevity through triggering metabolic switching, enhancing cellular repair and stress resistance and improving markers like insulin sensitivity, research shows.

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Limitations and cautions

Although this study provides “important insight” on the power of refeeding, Wright noted that the findings should be approached with caution, as the study was done on worms and cannot always be translated to humans.

“Additionally, it explains how a process might work in a controlled lab condition rather than real-world eating behaviors,” she added as a limitation. “Finally, the study is short-term and doesn’t give us the long-term translation on lifespan outcomes.”

The review found intermittent fasting was barely more effective than doing nothing, according to the study authors. (iStock)

Wright cautioned that fasting is “not a magic solution for longevity, and how you eat overall matters more than when you eat.”

“I advise, first and foremost, to focus on diet quality, including a variety of fruits and vegetables, healthy fats and minimally processed foods,” she said.

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For those who are considering fasting, it’s better to stick with a moderate plan — like a 12- to 14-hour overnight fast — rather than going to extremes, Wright said. After fasting, she recommends focusing on well-balanced meals.

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Several groups of people should be cautioned against fasting, according to Wright, including those with diabetes who are on insulin or hypoglycemic medications, those who are pregnant or breastfeeding, anyone with a history of eating disorders and older adults at risk of malnutrition.

Anyone considering intermittent fasting should consult with a doctor before starting.

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Cheap surgery overseas may come with devastating complications, doctors warn

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Cheap surgery overseas may come with devastating complications, doctors warn

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More than three million people travel to undergo cosmetic surgery each year, statistics show — but the potential savings come at a cost.

Most people opting to pursue this so-called “medical tourism” are chasing budget-friendly price tags. 

International surgeries, such as hair transplants in Turkey, can cost as little as $4,000 to $5,000 compared to $20,000 to $30,000 in the U.S., but often come with extreme risks, according to board-certified plastic surgeon Dr. Sheila Nazarian of California.

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The doctor recently joined Lisa Brady on the “The FOX News Rundown” podcast to discuss the rising trend of medical tourism. One of the biggest risks, she said, is the lack of safety regulations in popular destinations like Mexico and Turkey.

As demand spikes in these medical tourism “mills,” there have been reports of non-medically trained staff performing procedures like hair transplants.

Most people opting to pursue “medical tourism” are chasing budget-friendly price tags.  (iStock)

“I’ve heard that they [international clinics] are even recruiting people who maybe were taxi drivers and then putting them through their own training program … to become hair transplant technicians,” Nazarian said. “That’s how high the demand has become.”

In the U.S., medical school graduates are granted a “physician and surgeon” license, which means doctors — including pediatricians or OB-GYNs — can legally perform cosmetic surgeries, even if they didn’t receive specialized training for those procedures during residency, Nazarian noted.

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Instead of pinching pennies, the doctor recommended paying whatever amount is necessary to ensure quality treatment.

“People think of it as, you know, going to the mall. … It’s surgery, and surgery has risks,” she said. “You need to be with someone who not only can perform a beautiful surgery, but who can handle possible complications well.”

“You need to ask them: ‘What was your residency training in? And if you wanted to, would you be allowed to do this procedure in a hospital?’”

Aftercare is another critical factor in the success and safety of a cosmetic procedure, as the doctor emphasized that 20% of a surgical result depends on post-operative care.

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This can be difficult or even impossible to manage when a doctor is in a different time zone, she cautioned, or if the clinic disappears shortly after the procedure.

Nazarian also noted the importance of addressing the psychological component of plastic surgery, noting that no procedure will fix underlying unhappiness. The doctor said she uses screening questionnaires to ensure that patients are truly seeking self-improvement rather than a “cure” for deeper issues.

International surgeries, such as hair transplants in Turkey, can cost as little as $4,000 to $5,000 compared to $20,000 to $30,000 in the U.S., but often come with extreme risks. (iStock)

“If you’re not already generally very content with your life, a knife in my hand is not going to bring you there,” Nazarian said.

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“The analogy I always give is you don’t want a paisley couch — you want a neutral couch and you can put paisley pillows on it,” she said, noting that a procedure should “make you look normal, God-given, athletic. And then you can change your clothes when the trends come and go.”

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Samuel Golpanian, M.D., a double board-certified plastic surgeon in Beverly Hills, said he has also seen an increasing number of patients undergoing cosmetic procedures abroad, sometimes with “devastating consequences.”

“The key is being extremely careful before embarking on this journey.”

“I’ve seen a wide range of complications, including infections, poor wound healing, significant scarring and tissue necrosis (skin death),” he told Fox News Digital. “These complications often lead to prolonged pain, ongoing medical problems, and significant additional costs to repair the damage.”

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Golpanian said he’s treated patients who received unsafe or non-medical-grade injectable materials, which can lead to serious long-term health issues.

One surgeon said he’s treated patients who received unsafe or non-medical-grade injectable materials, which can lead to serious long-term health issues. (iStock)

“I’ve also seen damage to underlying structures, asymmetry and results that are extremely difficult — sometimes impossible — to correct.”

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“That said, I’ve also seen some good outcomes, so it’s not all bad,” he noted. “The key is being extremely careful before embarking on this journey.”

Quick tips for safe ‘medical tourism’

Fully vet the surgeon. “Most surgeons will provide information about their education and training, but it’s important not to accept these claims at face value,” Golpanian said. “Verify them directly by contacting the institutions where they trained.”

Ask for references from prior patients. Ideally, it’s best to get references from U.S.-based patients who can speak candidly about both their experience and their results, the surgeonsaid.

Think beyond the cost. Golpanian emphasized the adage “you get what you pay for.” “Cost should take a back seat to experience, training, judgment and proven results,” he advised.

Be cautious about relying on before-and-after photos. These can be selective or even enhanced, Golpanian warned.

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Keep aftercare in focus. “Make sure the practice emphasizes comprehensive follow-up care and has a clear, realistic post-operative plan in place.”

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