Health
Connecticut reports its first case of tick-borne Powassan virus in 2022: What to know
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The Connecticut Division of Public Well being introduced the state’s first reported Powassan virus an infection of the 12 months this previous Wednesday. Powassan virus is a uncommon illness unfold by the identical tick that causes Lyme illness, based on a latest press launch.
“The identification of a Connecticut resident with Powassan virus related sickness emphasizes the necessity to take actions to forestall tick bites from now via the late fall,” stated Dr. Manisha Juthani, who’s the commissioner of the Connecticut Division of Well being.
“Utilizing insect repellent, avoiding areas the place ticks are possible, and checking rigorously for ticks after being outdoors can scale back the prospect of you or your kids being contaminated with this virus.”
Powassan virus, first found in Powassan, Ontario in 1958, is often unfold via the chunk of an contaminated black-legged or deer tick, formally generally known as Ixodes scapularis, and will be transmitted in as little as quarter-hour after a tick chunk, however it may take per week as much as one month to develop signs, per the discharge.
That is in distinction to Lyme illness, the most typical tick-borne illness in the USA, which is attributable to a micro organism generally known as Borrelia burgdorferi and often transmitted after 36-48 hours after the chunk of often the black-legged tick, based on the Facilities for Illness Management and Prevention (CDC).
Human infections secondary to the Powassan virus infections have been acknowledged in the USA, Canada, and Russia, with the circumstances principally from northeastern states and the Nice Lakes area in late spring, early summer season and mid-fall when ticks are most energetic, per the CDC.
Between 2011-20, along with Connecticut, the next states have reported circumstances to the CDC: Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Wisconsin.
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Powassan circumstances are uncommon, with 20 reported in 2020 to the CDC, however the reported circumstances are growing, whereas often 30,00 circumstances of Lyme illness are reported to the CDC annually, however the true quantity is probably going nearer to 476,000 annually due to underreporting, per the company.
Individuals who work outside and interact in leisure actions in endemic areas for the virus are at elevated danger of the an infection.
The Connecticut affected person who contracted Powassan virus is a male affected person in his 50s who began to really feel sick through the fourth week of March after a tick chunk. He was later hospitalized with a central nervous system illness with laboratory confirmed proof by the CDC of antibodies to the virus, however is now discharged and recovering at house, based on the well being division’s launch.
Most individuals contaminated with Powassan virus will develop gentle flu-like signs or no signs in any respect, however some will expertise extreme sickness affecting the central nervous system, which consists of the spinal twine and mind, per the well being division.
Early signs of extreme illness embrace headache, vomiting, fever and weak spot that quickly progresses to confusion, lack of coordination, problem talking, or seizures. Remedy is supportive care, which implies there is no such thing as a particular remedy directed towards the illness, however as an alternative focused to signs.
Roughly one out of 10 circumstances of extreme sickness are deadly, with an estimated half of survivors experiencing long-term problems.
There have been 12 circumstances of Powassan virus from 2017 to 2021 reported in Connecticut, together with three in 2021 and two out the 12 that had been deadly, the discharge stated.
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Connecticut is a state well-known for tick-bites, with the CDC categorizing it a high-incidence area for Lyme illness, as of 2019.
Lyme illness was first described in Lyme, Connecticut in 1975 by a researcher, Dr. William Burgdorfer, who linked puzzling signs of rheumatoid arthritis-like signs with the chunk of deer ticks, based on the Nationwide Institute of Well being (NIH).
He found {that a} spiral formed bacterium, generally known as a spirochete, carried by the ticks brought on the situation now generally known as Lyme illness. The spirochete was named Borrelia burgdorferi in 1982 in his honor, per the NIH.
An early symptom of Lyme illness is a trademark rash that appears like a “bulls-eye,” generally known as erythema migrans, however later can progress to joint ache and neurological points, based on Mayo Clinic.
Blacklegged ticks not solely can carry Lyme illness and Powassan virus, but additionally different tick-borne illnesses like anaplasmosis and babesiosis, so it’s attainable to get contaminated with multiple an infection on the identical time, referred to as a co-infection, per the CDC.
Some tricks to stop tick bites embrace: avoiding grassy, brushy, or wooded areas, utilizing CDC-recommended mosquito repellents, checking for ticks instantly after an outside exercise and showering inside two hours of coming indoors, per the launch.
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Health
California fires and mental health toll: Celebrities and therapists offer tips
As Los Angeles battles the worst wildfires in the city’s history, thousands of people have been displaced or have seen their homes burn to the ground.
Around 130,000 people were ordered to evacuate and some 10,000 structures were destroyed, according to the Associated Press. At least 10 people have died as a result of the blazes.
The devastation of the fires has undoubtedly taken a grave toll on the psyches of those affected, experts agree.
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Fox News Digital spoke with celebrities and mental health experts, who offered the following guidance for the people impacted.
Recognize your feelings
For those who have experienced a loss from the fires, common reactions include shock, disbelief and confusion, according to David Kessler, a grief counselor in Los Angeles and founder of Grief.com.
“I call it grief brain,” he told Fox News Digital.
“Your mind is trying to comprehend what happened, and it’s a hard thing for it to do, because this is unimaginable that your house, your safety, is suddenly gone.”
Not all grief is related to death, Kessler noted, as there are many different types of losses.
“I always say grief is a change you didn’t want — and certainly a fire is a change we didn’t want,” he added.
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It’s important to “self-validate” the reality of the loss, he said.
“People might give you toxic positivity of, ‘well, at least no one died,’” he said. “And while that’s true, the reality is you still have lost your home. Don’t let anyone minimize that.”
“The loss of a home is devastating and it can take years to recover.”
“I think we’re going to deal with a lot of depression after this, a lot of sadness.”
Actor Steve Guttenberg, who lives in Pacific Palisades, California, where fires erupted on Tuesday, shared how the disaster has impacted his own mental health.
“I’ve seen so much tragedy the last three or four days that I’ve got to be careful to … keep a hold of my mind,” he said in an interview with Fox News Digital.
“And I think that we’re going to deal with a lot of depression after this, a lot of sadness. And it’s going to be really tough because this is like nothing you’ve ever seen.”
Gutenberg noted that while it’s “very normal” to be down, he is trying not to let himself “go down that hole.”
“But I’m pretty sad about this,” he added.
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Jonathan Alpert, a psychotherapist in Manhattan and Washington, D.C., noted that the grief following the Los Angeles fires is “profound.”
“It’s not just about the physical loss of homes or belongings — it’s also about the sense of safety and normalcy that has been lost,” he told Fox News Digital.
“It’s important for people to feel emotions and not ignore them. This is a normal reaction to such overwhelming loss and tragedy.”
Reach out for support
Guttenberg emphasized the importance of maintaining connections with others and drawing support from the community during a disaster of this magnitude.
“We’re social animals — we need people,” he said. “So I’m reaching out to my friends. There’s no way to meet right now because it’s so dangerous — so the best thing you cn do … is call and reach out and maybe you can drive somewhere.”
Most of the people in town have evacuated, he pointed out. “There’s probably 10% of the population left here. Or less.”
Kessler reiterated that connection is critical after this type of trauma. “We need to be taken care of. We need other people around us. People equal safety,” he said.
“We need other people around us. People equal safety.”
Pastor Jesse Bradley of Grace Community Church outside Seattle, Washington, agreed that it’s essential to avoid isolating yourself after a loss.
“We need God and we need each other. Community is vital,” he told Fox News Digital.
“Family, friends and neighbors care about you. God sends His love through these people. Reject isolation. Don’t shut down and don’t shut people out.”
Take action
“In times of crisis such as this, regaining even small amounts of control can be grounding,” Alpert said.
He recommends creating a plan for what’s next, whether it’s finding temporary housing, accessing local resources or starting the process of rebuilding.
“Taking action — no matter how small — can help you move forward.”
Kessler agreed, noting that people who are in the area but did not experience loss may feel a sense of relief mixed with guilt.
“If you do have survivor’s guilt, I always say the best thing is to take action,” he advised.
In the longer term, advocacy efforts can be a powerful tool in dealing with trauma, Alpert noted.
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“Working to improve fire prevention policies, supporting relief efforts or helping neighbors rebuild can provide a sense of purpose and empowerment during this difficult time,” he said.
Some people may be angry about the systems that failed to prevent the fires in the first place, Alpert acknowledged, and this anger can be a “powerful motivator.”
“Taking action — no matter how small — can help you move forward.”
“Use that energy to demand better, but don’t get stuck on the anger,” he advised.
“By holding leaders accountable for the policies — or lack thereof — that contributed to this devastation, and by asking the right questions and demanding answers, you might start to feel better.”
Seek professional help as needed
“The L.A. fires no doubt will not just leave physical scars, but deep emotional ones, too,” Alpert said.
“For many people, the fear, panic and helplessness experienced during the fires don’t just disappear — they linger, creating flashbacks, anxiety and difficulty functioning.”
In many cases, this can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Symptoms of this condition can include vivid memories of the fires, nightmares, hypervigilance or avoidance of anything that reminds someone of the event, Alpert said.
“It’s important to see this not as weakness, but rather, the mind’s and body’s way of trying to cope with extreme stress.”
“While the fires were devastating, they don’t diminish your strength or character.”
As you seek help, it’s also important to understand that PTSD doesn’t define you, he added.
“It’s a part of your experience, not your identity. While the fires were devastating, they didn’t diminish your strength or character.”
Lean on your faith
For those who have experienced traumatic grief, Kessler emphasized the importance of faith and spirituality.
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“They help ground us in a world full of fear,” he said. “And when we’ve lost everything, it can feel like our faith is the one thing we have to hold onto.”
During a time of crisis, Guttenberg said it’s important to “rely on anything that you believe in.”
“If you believe in your mom and dad, you rely on them, your brothers and sisters, your friends, your family. God, the universe.”
Above all, he added, “Just remember, you’re not alone. God is always with you. Jesus is always with you. You’ve got to hang on to that.”
Find ways to exercise gratitude
During times of hardship, it’s important to recognize the good things that are still in your life, Pastor Bradley said.
“It’s easy to be consumed with what you no longer have,” he told Fox News Digital.
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“You need to be intentional to take inventory of the blessings in your life. For example, you might lose a home or business, but you still have family.”
This mindset will help you keep a healthy perspective and protect gratitude, Bradley added.
Health
Scientists May Be Able to Make Grapefruits Compatible With Medications They Currently Interfere With
You may be among the millions of people who have seen a surprisingly specific warning like this on the labels of drugs you take:
Avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice while using this medication.
Such warnings are issued for dozens of substances, including docetaxel, a cancer drug; erythromycin, an antibiotic; and some statins, the cholesterol-lowering drugs prescribed to more than a third of American adults over 40.
The problem is a set of molecules, furanocoumarins. High levels of furanocoumarins interfere with human liver enzymes, among other processes. In their presence, medications can build up to unhealthy levels in the body. And grapefruits and some related citrus fruits are full of them.
But there is no such warning for other kinds of citrus, such as mandarins and other oranges. Citrus researchers at the Volcani Center in Israel reported Wednesday in the journal The New Phytologist that, by crossing mandarins and grapefruit, they’ve uncovered genes that produce furanocoumarins in some citrus fruits. It’s a finding that opens the possibility of creating grapefruit that doesn’t require a warning label.
Scientists had worked out the compounds’ structures and pieced together a basic flowchart of how they are made years ago, said Yoram Eyal, a professor at the Volcani Center. But the precise identities of enzymes catalyzing the process — the proteins that snip off a branch here, or add a piece there — remained mysterious. He and his colleagues knew that one way to identify them was to breed citrus high in furanocoumarins with those without. If the offspring of such a cross had varying levels of the substances, it should be possible, by digging into their genetics, to pinpoint the genes for the proteins.
“We were afraid to approach it, because it’s very time-consuming and it takes many years,” he said, noting how involved it can be to grow new trees from seeds and assess their genetics. “But finally, we decided we have to dive in.”
When they examined the offspring of a mandarin and a grapefruit, the researchers saw something remarkable. Fifty percent of the young plants had high levels of furanocourmains, and 50 percent had none. That particular signature meant something very specific, in terms of how the ability to make these substances is inherited.
“We saw there was only one gene that could have controlled it,” said Livnat Goldenberg, a Volcani Center researcher who is the lead author of the new study.
The researchers soon identified the gene controlling the production of furanocoumarins in leaves and fruit, which produces an enzyme called 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, or 2OGD for short. Mandarins, it turns out, have a mutated form of this gene that keeps the enzyme from functioning properly. This version cropped up in all the mandarin and orange varieties the researchers checked, explaining why they do not cause the same problems as grapefruit in people taking prescription medications. In these plants, furanocoumarin production is paused.
With gene editing technology, it should be possible to alter the gene in grapefruit as well, Dr. Eyal suggests. The team at the Volcani Center is now exploring that project.
Looking at how widespread this mutated version is in mandarins and some other citrus, the scientists speculate that some gene nearby on the genome must play an important role in a highly prized trait. A long-ago citrus breeder, selecting for some unknown quality, must have unwittingly spread this furanocoumarin-busting version of the gene to an ancestor of modern varieties of mandarins and oranges.
All these years later, that person’s work is coming to light, under the gaze of geneticists, who may, someday, put grapefruit back on the menu.
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