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Blood tests for Alzheimer's may be coming to your doctor's office: What to know

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Blood tests for Alzheimer's may be coming to your doctor's office: What to know
  • New blood tests show promise for faster and more accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, medical researchers say.
  • Many current Alzheimer’s diagnoses are based on symptoms and cognitive exams, but blood tests could offer a simpler alternative.
  • Blood tests measuring p-tau217, a biomarker associated with Alzheimer’s, are expected to become more prominent as FDA guidelines are established.

New blood tests could help doctors diagnose Alzheimer’s disease faster and more accurately, researchers reported Sunday – but some appear to work far better than others.

It’s tricky to tell if memory problems are caused by Alzheimer’s. That requires confirming one of the disease’s hallmark signs — buildup of a sticky protein called beta-amyloid — with a hard-to-get brain scan or uncomfortable spinal tap. Many patients instead are diagnosed based on symptoms and cognitive exams.

Labs have begun offering a variety of tests that can detect certain signs of Alzheimer’s in blood. Scientists are excited by their potential but the tests aren’t widely used yet because there’s little data to guide doctors about which kind to order and when. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration hasn’t formally approved any of them and there’s little insurance coverage.

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“What tests can we trust?” asked Dr. Suzanne Schindler, a neurologist at Washington University in St. Louis who’s part of a research project examining that. While some are very accurate, “other tests are not much better than a flip of a coin.”

A doctor points to PET scan results that were part of a study on Alzheimer’s disease at Georgetown University Hospital, on May 19, 2015, in Washington. New blood tests could help doctors diagnose Alzheimer’s disease faster and more accurately, researchers reported on Sunday. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci, File)

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Demand for earlier Alzheimer’s diagnosis is increasing

More than 6 million people in the United States and millions more around the world have Alzheimer’s, the most common form of dementia. Its telltale “biomarkers” are brain-clogging amyloid plaques and abnormal tau protein that leads to neuron-killing tangles.

New drugs, Leqembi and Kisunla, can modestly slow worsening symptoms by removing gunky amyloid from the brain. But they only work in the earliest stages of Alzheimer’s and proving patients qualify in time can be difficult. Measuring amyloid in spinal fluid is invasive. A special PET scan to spot plaques is costly and getting an appointment can take months.

Even specialists can struggle to tell if Alzheimer’s or something else is to blame for a patient’s symptoms.

“I have patients not infrequently who I am convinced have Alzheimer’s disease and I do testing and it’s negative,” Schindler said.

New study suggests blood tests for Alzheimer’s can be simpler and faster

Blood tests so far have been used mostly in carefully controlled research settings. But a new study of about 1,200 patients in Sweden shows they also can work in the real-world bustle of doctors’ offices — especially primary care doctors who see far more people with memory problems than specialists but have fewer tools to evaluate them.

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In the study, patients who visited either a primary care doctor or a specialist for memory complaints got an initial diagnosis using traditional exams, gave blood for testing and were sent for a confirmatory spinal tap or brain scan.

Blood testing was far more accurate, Lund University researchers reported Sunday at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in Philadelphia. The primary care doctors’ initial diagnosis was 61% accurate and the specialists’ 73% — but the blood test was 91% accurate, according to the findings, which also were published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

Which blood tests for Alzheimer’s work best?

There’s almost “a wild West” in the variety being offered, said Dr. John Hsiao of the National Institute on Aging. They measure different biomarkers, in different ways.

Doctors and researchers should only use blood tests proven to have a greater than 90% accuracy rate, said Alzheimer’s Association chief science officer Maria Carrillo.

Today’s tests most likely to meet that benchmark measure what’s called p-tau217, Carrillo and Hsiao agreed. Schindler helped lead an unusual direct comparison of several kinds of blood tests, funded by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, that came to the same conclusion.

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That type of test measures a form of tau that correlates with how much plaque buildup someone has, Schindler explained. A high level signals a strong likelihood the person has Alzheimer’s while a low level indicates that’s probably not the cause of memory loss.

Several companies are developing p-tau217 tests including ALZpath Inc., Roche, Eli Lilly and C2N Diagnostics, which supplied the version used in the Swedish study.

Who should use blood tests for Alzheimer’s?

Only doctors can order them from labs. The Alzheimer’s Association is working on guidelines and several companies plan to seek FDA approval, which would clarify proper use.

For now, Carrillo said doctors should use blood testing only in people with memory problems, after checking the accuracy of the type they order.

Especially for primary care physicians, “it really has great potential to help them in sorting out who to give a reassuring message and who to send on to memory specialists,” said Dr. Sebastian Palmqvist of Lund University, who led the Swedish study with Lund’s Dr. Oskar Hansson.

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The tests aren’t yet for people who don’t have symptoms but worry about Alzheimer’s in the family — unless it’s part of enrollment in research studies, Schindler stressed.

That’s partly because amyloid buildup can begin two decades before the first sign of memory problems, and so far there are no preventive steps other than basic advice to eat healthy, exercise and get enough sleep. But there are studies underway testing possible therapies for people at high risk of Alzheimer’s, and some include blood testing.

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Shrinking a Menopause Belly: A 13¢ Supplement Helped One Nebraska Grandmother Lose 141 Lbs

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Shrinking a Menopause Belly: A 13¢ Supplement Helped One Nebraska Grandmother Lose 141 Lbs


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Tony Bennett Dead, Legendary Singer Dies at 96 Years Old

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Tony Bennett Dead, Legendary Singer Dies at 96 Years Old

Rest in peace. Anthony Dominick Benedetto, known professionally as Tony Bennett, has died at 96 years old, just two weeks before what would have been his 97th birthday.

Though there was no confirmation of the cause of death, Bennett has been battling Alzheimer’s disease since his diagnosis in 2016.

Prior to Bennett’s death, the “New York State of Mind” artist was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease in February 2021. “He recognizes me, thank goodness, his children, you know, we are blessed in a lot of ways,” Bennett’s wife, Susan Crow, explained during a 60 Minutes segment in October of that year. “He’s very sweet.”

Crow, 56, also revealed that Bennett wasn’t aware of his Alzheimer’s diagnosis. However, even in sickness, the Grammy Award winner remained committed to his fans. “Tony likes to say he’s in the business of making people feel good, and he still is,” Crow said at the time.

Bennett is survived by Crow, as well as his four children, Danny, Dae, Joanna and Antonia. Bennett shared Danny and Dae with his first wife, Patricia Beech, and Antonia and Joanna with his second wife, Sandra Grant Bennett.

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All four of Bennett’s children have pursued careers in show business, just like he took after his own father’s love of music. “He would sit on the stairs and sing opera, show music and pop hits to my brother and me in a fine, clear voice. I like to think you can still hear my father’s voice in me. I know I do,” Tony recalled during an interview with The Guardian in 2017. “My father was the man everyone in our family, and even in our neighborhood, sought out for advice because he would listen, treat the other person with respect and try to reply with sympathy.”

Kristina Bumphrey/Starpix/Shutterstock

During his sunset years, Bennett’s career was at an all-time high. In fact, the Long Island native collaborated and performed with Lady Gaga on Love for Sale. For his 95th birthday, he and Gaga sang several of his hits at New York City’s Radio Music Hall in front of countless fans.

“He is a remarkable human being, he served our country, he also marched with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., he used to sneak Duke Ellington into the back of hotels to play jazz music all night long,” Lady Gaga gushed over Bennett during a November 2021 interview with Stephen Colbert.

“His commitment to civil rights, and to humanity, is something that he has taught me from a young age to take with me in all that I do. I love him very deeply,” the “Born This Way” artist added, noting that music was “magic” for Bennett and that he was her “musical companion.”

Gaga then opened up about her perspective watching Bennett manage Alzheimer’s and the difficulties that accompany the illness. 

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“Watching him begin his journey with Alzheimer’s years ago, I remember I wanted to make good on a promise,” Gaga explained. “Then, a couple of years later, his Alzheimer’s just started to set on, and I said, let’s go into the studio now. And we did. When I tell you that when jazz begins, this man lights up in a way that is such magic.”

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‘Pickleball saved my sight,’ says Florida woman, 79: ‘I was really worried’

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‘Pickleball saved my sight,’ says Florida woman, 79: ‘I was really worried’

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Those who play pickleball are known to gain physical and cognitive benefits from the activity — but for one Florida woman, the fast-growing game also helped to save her sight.

Linda Corcoran, 79, an avid pickleball player and great-grandmother, has been playing the paddle sport three times a week for the past four or five years. 

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She knew something was amiss in 2021, when the lines on the court suddenly began appearing wavy and distorted to her.

PICKLEBALL HELPS BOOST SENIORS’ MENTAL HEALTH, SURVEY FINDS

“Beyond this affecting my ability to play, I was really worried about what these symptoms meant for my vision and overall eye health,” Corcoran told Fox News Digital via email. 

Corcoran also began seeing floaters and wavy lines in both of her eyes – on and off the pickleball court. 

Pickleball is known for offering physical and cognitive benefits — but for one Florida woman, the fast-growing sport helped to save her sight. (Florida Retina Institute)

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“When I texted, the letters on the screen looked tilted,” she said — which she later found out was due to fluid in her retina.

Corcoran made an appointment with her eye specialist — who diagnosed her with wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD).

What is AMD?

The leading cause of vision loss for people age 65 and over, AMD affects 1.5 million people in the U.S., experts say.

Symptoms of wet AMD include blurred vision, blind spots in the middle of the field of vision, difficulty distinguishing colors, and edges or lines appearing wavy, according to Corcoran’s ophthalmologist, Dr. Matthew Cunningham of the Florida Retina Institute.

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“In Linda’s case, lines on the pickleball court were an effective indicator of her vision, as she saw something that was supposed to be straight appearing wavy,” he told Fox News Digital. 

“For many who play pickleball or other sports, noticing the court looking wavy is an important sign to come in right away and get your eyes checked.”

Linda Corcoran and Dr. Matthew Cunningham

Linda Corocan is shown receiving an eye exam from Dr. Matthew Cunningham from the Florida Retina Institute. (Florida Retina Institute)

Other warning signs can include noticing that window blinds appear crooked when they’re not, or that something that’s supposed to be straight, like a flagpole, appears wavy, Cunningham said.

Having trouble reading in low light can also be a symptom of wet AMD.

The condition may also affect the ability to see or recognize faces or objects, read and write, or drive, the doctor added.

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“For many who play pickleball or other sports, noticing the court looking wavy is an important sign to get your eyes checked.”

Early detection is key to preventing vision loss due to wet AMD, according to Cunningham. 

MEET THE AMERICAN WHO FOUNDED PICKLEBALL, THE FASTEST GROWING SPORT IN THE NATION

“In the early stages, there may be no symptoms, which is why it’s important for everyone to visit their eye doctor at least once a year for an eye exam, even if they don’t notice anything wrong,” he advised.

If left untreated, wet AMD can cause rapid and severe vision loss, Cunningham warned.

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Treatments for AMD

There are treatments available to help improve and maintain vision for people with wet AMD. 

“Wet AMD is most often treated with medicine injected into the eye, which can help improve and maintain your vision,” said Cunningham.

“While treatment has traditionally required intravitreal injections as often as every month, newer treatments have been found to be effective for up to 12 to 16 weeks between injections.”

Linda Corcoran and Dr. Matthew Cunningham

“In the early stages, there may be no symptoms, which is why it’s important for everyone to visit their eye doctor at least once a year for an eye exam, even if they don’t notice anything wrong,” advised Cunningham, pictured with Corcoran. (Florida Retina Institute)

After a different medication was ineffective, Cunningham suggested that Corcoran try a treatment called Vabysmo.

The prescription medication — made by Genentech, a member of the Roche Group in Switzerland — is administered in both eyes every 10 weeks, designed to dry up damaging fluid in the back of the eye to help preserve vision.

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Vabysmo is the first and only FDA-approved treatment designed to block two causes of wet AMD, the company told Fox News Digital via email.

ASK A DOCTOR: ‘IS IT SAFE TO SWIM UNDERWATER WITH MY EYES OPEN?’

“When the doctor first told me I needed to receive injections, I was overwhelmed and nervous,” Corcoran said. 

“I dreaded the shots, but now I know that my consistency with the treatment allows me to preserve my vision to help me continue doing the things that I love, like pickleball.”

Wet macular degeneration

Symptoms of wet AMD include blurred vision, blind spots in the middle of the field of vision, difficulty distinguishing colors, and edges or lines appearing wavy. (iStock)

Today, a year after starting Vabysmo, Corcoran’s vision has significantly improved.

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“It has successfully kept the fluid out of her retina and has had a positive effect on her vision,” said Cunningham.

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Corcoran added, “It’s overwhelming to feel like your favorite hobbies and ability to socialize could be in jeopardy when you start to see changes in your vision, so I feel really lucky to have found a treatment that has worked so well for me.”

      

Some of the common side effects of Vabysmo include cataract and blood on the white of the eye (conjunctival hemorrhage), according to a statement from the company provided to Fox News Digital.

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Linda Corcoran and Dr. Matthew Cunningham

Today, a year after starting Vabysmo, Corcoran’s vision has significantly improved. “It has successfully kept the fluid out of her retina and has had a positive effect on her vision,” said Cunningham. (Florida Retina Institute)

For all adults, Cunningham recommends getting annual, comprehensive eye exams to detect potential disease early — particularly for older adults or those who have been diagnosed with conditions like diabetes or hypertension, which can impact eye health and cause vision loss. 

“You don’t need to wait to see an eye doctor, as we have a number of tests that can identify early signs of diseases before symptoms appear,” he added.

For more Health articles, visit www.foxnews/health

More than half of pickleball players in the U.S. are age 55 or older, with almost a third (32%) of them over the age of 65.

Fox News Digital reached out to Genentech, maker of Vabysmo, for comment.

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