Health
Aging-related joint disorder increasingly affects people under 40, study finds
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Cases of gout are rising in younger individuals, according to a global study.
The condition, which is a type of inflammatory arthritis, steadily increased in people aged 15 to 39 between 1990 and 2021, researchers in China announced.
Although rates vary widely between countries, the total number of young people with the condition is expected to continue rising through 2035.
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The study, published in the journal Joint Bone Spine, investigated 2021 data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), spanning 204 countries within the 30-year timeframe.
The data measured gout prevalence, incidence and years lived with disability, tracking global trends over time. The results showed a global increase across all three outcomes.
Gout is expected to continue rising in young people through 2035. (iStock)
Prevalence and disability years increased by 66%, and incidence rose by 62%. In 2021, 15- to 39-year-olds accounted for nearly 14% of new gout cases globally, the study found.
Men from 35 to 39 years old and people in high-income regions had the highest burden, but high-income North America topped the list for highest rates.
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Men were also found to have lived more years with gout due to high BMI, while women tended to have the condition as a link to kidney dysfunction, the study noted.
The total number of cases is expected to increase globally due to population growth, but the study projected that rates per population would decrease.
The researchers noted that data quality, especially in low-income settings, could have posed a limitation to the broad GBD data.
What is gout?
Gout is a common form of arthritis involving sudden and severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness and tenderness in the joints, according to Mayo Clinic. It most often occurs in the big toe.
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The condition occurs when urate crystals accumulate in the joint. These form when there are high levels of uric acid in the blood, which the body produces when it breaks down a natural substance called purines.
A gout flare-up can happen at any time, often at night, causing the affected joint to feel hot, swollen, tender and sensitive to the touch.
Urate crystals, described as sharp and needle-like, build up in the joint, causing intense pain and swelling. (iStock)
Purines can also be found in certain foods, like red meat or organ meats like liver and some seafood, including anchovies, sardines, mussels, scallops, trout and tuna, according to the Mayo Clinic. Alcoholic drinks, especially beer, and drinks sweetened with fruit sugar can also lead to higher uric acid levels.
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Uric acid will typically dissolve in the blood and pass through the kidneys into urine, but when the body produces too much or too little uric acid, it can cause a build-up of urate crystals. These are described by the Mayo Clinic as sharp and needle-like, causing pain, inflammation and swelling in the joint or surrounding tissue.
Risk factors for gout include a diet rich in high-purine foods and being overweight, which causes the body to produce more uric acid and the kidneys to have trouble eliminating it.
Experts urge patients to seek medical attention for gout flare-ups. (iStock)
Certain conditions like untreated high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and heart and kidney diseases can increase the risk of gout, as well as certain medications.
A family history of gout can also increase risk. Men are more likely to develop the condition, as women tend to have lower uric acid levels, although symptoms generally develop after menopause.
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Untreated gout can cause worsening pain and joint damage, experts caution. It may also lead to more severe conditions, such as recurrent gout, advanced gout and kidney stones.
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The Mayo Clinic advises patients to seek immediate medical care if a fever occurs or if a joint becomes hot and inflamed, which is a sign of infection. Certain anti-inflammatory medications can help treat gout flares and complications.
Fox News Digital reached out to the researchers for comment.
Health
Doctor shares 3 simple changes to stay healthy and independent as you age
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Living longer isn’t just about making it to 100 anymore, experts say. It’s about feeling your best once you get there.
Dr. Mary Claire Haver, a certified menopause specialist and founder of The ‘Pause Life, said it’s possible to optimize health for a longer life with simple lifestyle changes.
“Hormone therapy can be a tool in the toolkit, but we can’t ignore nutrition, strength training and getting adequate sleep,” she told Fox News Digital. “Focusing on those core pillars of health will provide the whole package so she can age well.”
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The expert, who is also an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Texas Medical Branch, dove into the following three adjustments to improve energy, weight and overall well-being.
No. 1: Prioritize sleep
Sleep is Haver’s top priority for improving well-being and energy.
“If you’re not sleeping, everything else tends to fall apart,” she said.
“If you’re not sleeping, everything else tends to fall apart,” the expert told Fox News Digital. (iStock)
The health expert recommends sleeping in a cool, dark room and using an eye mask or blackout curtains if necessary.
It’s also best to stop using phones and other electronics before bed, including the TV. “Your bed should be for intimacy and for sleeping — that’s it,” Haver said.
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Sleep is a “core pillar of health,” she noted, adding research has shown that inconsistent rest can exacerbate certain neurological conditions like dementia.
“If you’re not sleeping, everything else tends to fall apart.”
“We cycle in and out of different sleep stages, so we have REM sleep where we’re dreaming, [and] we have deep sleep,” Haver said. “Deep sleep is when your brain, it’s like a washing machine … It’s washing out all those negative proteins.
“So, if you’re not hitting that deep sleep, you’re missing that opportunity for your brain to reset, and that is where we see the increasing risk of dementia.”
No. 2: Eat a nutritious diet
Following a nutritious diet is another essential component of good health. In particular, Haver’s “top tip” is to add fiber to a balanced diet.
“Most women get 10 to 12 grams per day,” she said. “You need 25 plus, 35 plus [grams] for heart health.”
“Fibermaxxing” has become a popular nutrition trend, which encourages the addition of more fiber into a daily diet.
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Nutrition experts agree this approach can boost gastrointestinal and heart health, while helping with weight management and the prevention of diabetes and certain cancers. More fiber can also help people feel fuller throughout the day, while minimizing cravings.
Experts recommend introducing fiber slowly because, for some people, adding too much right away can cause cramping, bloating and constipation.
“Fibermaxxing” has become a popular nutrition trend, encouraging the addition of more fiber into the daily diet. (iStock)
No. 3. Incorporate regular movement
Moving your body throughout the day and getting intentional exercise is key to living longer and staying healthy, per various research and experts.
While walking is a great way to boost wellness and help with weight loss, Haver noted that it may not be enough for some individuals with certain conditions.
“A lot of women, most of my patients, are walking,” she said. “I love walking, but you really need to protect your bones and muscles, and strength training is the quickest and easiest way to do that.”
Haver encourages women to hit the gym and lift heavy weights, as it’s “actually going to serve you as you age.”
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The independence gap
Although lifespan has been increasing, Haver noted that women tend to struggle more as they age.
“Women by and large are having a rougher go in that last decade and losing their independence,” she told Fox News Digital.
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The doctor, who only sees menopausal patients, shared that “not one woman” has come into her office saying she wants to live to be 120 years old.
As many women have witnessed their mothers and aunts lose their own independence with age, Haver said her patients’ priorities have shifted from “help me live longer” to “keep me out of a nursing home.”
Many women have witnessed their mothers and grandmothers lose their independence with age, the expert shared. (iStock)
Women are being diagnosed more often with conditions that hinder their ability to care for themselves at home. The two most common drivers of that, Haver said, are dementia and frailty.
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“Loss of muscle mass leads to such weakness that you can’t do your activities of daily living, [and] loss of cognitive ability [means] you cannot take care of yourself,” she said.
“What’s the point of living to 120 if you are in a bed and can’t take care of yourself?”
“That’s what is driving women to make these changes — not to look a certain way or weigh a certain weight,” Haver said. “They care about staying as healthy and independent as long as possible. … I mean, what’s the point of living to 120 if you are in a bed and can’t take care of yourself?”
Stimulating the brain and getting regular movement can boost overall well-being. (iStock)
The expert reiterated the importance of stimulating the brain for longevity, perhaps by reading a book, learning a new skill or playing a challenging game rather than watching TV or scrolling on a phone.
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“Do something fun with your time when your brain is constantly being interactive,” she suggested. “Also, don’t isolate yourself. So often, we see the older generation tend to become more isolated.
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“Be active in your community. Join a cooking class. Do something that is going to foster your relationships so that you have a higher chance of being happier, healthier and more active as you age.”
Health
Certain bitter foods may trigger a brain response similar to working out, study finds
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The dry, puckering sensation you get from dark chocolate, red wine, tea or berries could actually be activating your brain in a way similar to exercise, according to a new study.
New research from Japan suggests that flavanols — plant compounds found in these foods — may stimulate the brain not by being absorbed into the bloodstream, but by triggering a sensory response tied to their bitter taste.
“The key finding of this experiment is that it first demonstrated how flavanol intake stimulation — likely the bitter taste — is transmitted to the central nervous system, triggering a stress response reaction that enhances short-term memory and produces beneficial effects on the circulatory system,” professor Naomi Osakabe of Shibaura Institute of Technology in Japan told Fox News Digital.
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“It was surprising that flavanol’s brain activity-enhancing effect occurred at a very low dose,” she added.
Flavanols found in cocoa, red wine and berries may stimulate sensory nerves that enhance focus and alertness. (iStock)
In experiments on mice, a single dose of flavanols increased spontaneous activity and improved performance on memory tests, according to the study, published in Current Research in Food Science.
Researchers also observed rapid activation of brain regions involved in attention, arousal and stress regulation.
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Because very little of the flavanols people consume actually enter the bloodstream, researchers believe they may instead influence the brain and heart by stimulating sensory nerves.
The researchers describe the concept as part of an emerging field known as sensory nutrition, the idea that the taste and physical sensations of food may directly regulate biological functions. This could eventually lead to new types of foods that combine appealing taste and beneficial physiological effects.
Berries are a natural source of flavanols, plant compounds being studied for potential cognitive and cardiovascular benefits. (iStock)
The response resembles what happens during mild exercise, which is a temporary activation of the sympathetic nervous system sometimes described as a fight-or-flight response. This type of short-term stress can sharpen focus and alertness.
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“While it is clear that healthy foods contribute to maintaining and enhancing homeostasis, the mechanisms remain largely unclear,” Osakabe said. “Notably, this study identified the potential for the taste of food components to regulate biological functions.”
The study does have limitations, as the research was conducted on animals and foods are complex mixtures of many compounds that may interact with one another.
The brain’s response to flavanols resembles the temporary “fight-or-flight” activation seen during mild exercise. (iStock)
Larger, human studies are needed to determine whether the effects seen in mice also occur in people.
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“I do not believe people, including most doctors, are aware that a taste of a specific molecule or compound can rapidly trigger major changes in the brain,” Dr. Johnson Moon, a neurologist at Providence St. Jude Medical Center in California, previously told Fox News Digital regarding sensory nutrition.
More data is needed before foods like dark chocolate can be recommended, especially because calories, sugar and fat could outweigh the benefits, Moon said.
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Still, Osakabe noted that previous long-term human studies on cocoa flavanols have suggested cardiovascular and cognitive benefits. For now, she recommends a balanced, plant-forward diet.
Experts say more research is needed before flavanol-rich foods can be recommended specifically for cognitive benefits. (iStock)
“I believe consuming plant-based foods like cocoa, berries, and red wine, along with fruits and vegetables, can help maintain health,” she said.
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Major health organizations say that if adults choose to drink alcohol, they should do so in moderation — up to one drink per day for women and two for men — and emphasize that no amount of alcohol is completely risk-free.
Fox News Digital’s Melissa Rudy contributed to this report.
Health
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