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How women can find the best mix of exercise for their age

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How women can find the best mix of exercise for their age

As a woman the advice around the different types of exercise you ‘should’ or ‘shouldn’t’ be doing can feel overwhelming.

So, what’s the right mix at your life stage?

Here’s what two expects have to say.

What are the essential types of exercise? 

Mandy Hagstrom is an exercise scientist whose work focuses on women’s health. Dr Hagstrom says it can be helpful to understand exercise as either aerobic or resistance.

There are “so many different little components” within that, but they are the “really big broad categories”.

When it comes to getting the balance between types of exercise right, she says there’s no concise answer.

“Each type has different benefits at different life stages, but they’re actually all important at each life stage.”

Gynaecologist Pav Nanayakkara from Jean Hailes for Women’s Health says exercise can be a powerful preventative tool.

She breaks exercise down further into four types.

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Firstly, zone 2 training “which is low intensity cardio, like brisk walking or cycling.” 

Resistance training which includes strength exercises, such as lifting weights or using resistance bands. 

Thirdly, there’s high intensity interval training (HIIT) which is “short bursts of high effort exercise with rest in between”. 

Lastly, dynamic stability exercises which includes pilates, yoga and balance training.

Listen to your body 

Dr Hagstrom says, “our hormonal profile changes [as we age].”

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“We become at an increased risk of low bone mineral density, so [conditions such as] osteopenia and osteoporosis.”

She says women also have a “greatly increased risk of cardiovascular disease as we age, particularly through that menopausal transition.”

Dr Hagstrom says different types of exercise can help reduce these risks, but “It’s not like one trumps the other.”

As we age, we should listen to our body and adapt as required.

What exercise can a younger woman prioritise?

Dr Nanayakkara says strength and resistance focused exercise are “important in your twenties and thirties for building strong bones and muscles”.

“That’s when you develop peak bone and muscle mass.”

She says HIIT can be particularly beneficial for the fitness and metabolism of women in their twenties to forties.

“In a patient in their twenties, we would encourage training across all of those four areas, but you could focus a little bit more on resistance and high intensity interval training.”

Dr Hagstrom says the generic exercise guidelines are “pretty good” for the general population. It recommends a combination of moderate exercise (walking, golfing and swimming) and vigorous exercise (soccer, netball and jogging) throughout the week for those aged from 18 to 64. As well as muscle strengthening activities (lifting weights, push-ups and squats) twice a week.

Dr Hagstrom says strength training is the requirement people most often fail to meet.

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Strength training could be callisthenic type exercise, cardio-based strength such as body pump classes, or heavy powerlifting.

She says “any strength training is better than no strength training” and to consider how you can “progress and improve — whether that’s the intensity or the reps you’re doing”.

What could exercise look like for a middle-aged woman?

Dr Nanayakkara says strength exercises “become even more important after menopause to prevent things like osteoporosis and osteopenia or muscle loss.”

She says zone 2 training is also “particularly important in women in their forties and beyond”, because of its relationship with heart health and the metabolism.

Dynamic stability exercise, such as pilates are also really beneficial for women in perimenopause and onwards to help with mobility and balance, she says.

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Dr Hagstrom notes that the impacts of menopause are “really individualised” and it doesn’t necessarily mean you need to change up your exercise regime if it’s working for you.

“Some women can get a lot of joint pain … if they’ve strength trained previously they might find simple substitutions of movements [necessary].”

Mandy Hagstrom says strength training is the gold standard for preserving bone mineral density and offsetting muscle mass loss through menopause. (Supplied: Mandy Hagstrom)

What can an older woman prioritise? 

Dr Nanayakkara says HIIT is something you may choose to do in moderation as you age, because it “can have a more of a strain”.

Dr Hagstrom says balance becomes even more important and some people find a “massive benefit” from incorporating activities like yoga into their week.

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But with all exercise, she says “the individual benefits that people feel and receive is going to depend on where they are when they start the exercise.”

Starting sooner rather than later can help, as “maintaining anything is easier than gaining something”.

Choose what you enjoy

Dr Hagstrom says that “across all life stages, the best type of exercise is the type that you’re going to do.”

She says people don’t follow through with exercise programmes long-term, because they fall into the trap of choosing types of exercise they “think they should”, rather than exercise they’re likely to enjoy.

Dr Hagstrom recommends trying “a whole bunch of different things to figure out what types you like.”

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For example, knowing whether you prefer working out in the outdoors or a fitness centre can help.

This is general information only. For detailed personal advice, you should see a qualified medical practitioner who knows your medical history.

Fitness

Alexandra Daddario, 40, relies on this underrated crunch upgrade for strong abs – here’s how to do it properly

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Alexandra Daddario, 40, relies on this underrated crunch upgrade for strong abs – here’s how to do it properly

From enduring some serious physical prep for Baywatch to working consistently with elite trainer Patrick Murphy, Alexanda Daddario’s dedication to fitness is well-documented. She often shares insights on social media, and in a recent Instagram post, the White Lotus star gave an insight into how she trains her core with one powerhouse movement: the reverse crunch into shoulder stand.

Why is it so good? Most traditional ab exercises require repetitive spinal flexion – the process of pulling your chest down toward your knees, like in a standard crunch. This isolates only the upper section of your abs, and for women who spend hours sitting at a desk, it can reinforce a slouched, rounded posture.

Instagram @alexandradaddario

Daddario’s movement flips the mechanics entirely since you actively curl your pelvis up toward your chest. In doing so, you target not only your upper abs, but the lower portion and your obliques (the sides) simultaneously, all while keeping your chest open and your neck unstrained. This translates into a much stronger core, better posture and crucial lower back protection. Research also shows that a controlled posterior tilt – the lower-body curl that initiates Daddario’s move – recruits a significantly higher percentage of deep core muscle fibres than traditional crunches.

alexandra daddario

@alexandradaddario//Instagram
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Daddario then drives her hips directly up into a vertical shoulder stand. This completely removes momentum from the equation (meaning you can’t “cheat”) and forces your abs – particularly your obliques – to balance your body and prevent you from tipping sideways.

She then takes it one step further into a Pilates plow position with her legs overhead, before reversing the movement and, again, using her abs to control the lowering of her entire lower body as she slowly unrolls her spine down onto the mat. The plow portion is optional (and super advanced); the slow, controlled, lowering phase, which happens whether you move into plow or not, is where the magic happens, challenging your core through both lifting and resisting gravity. Inspired? Here’s exactly how to do the move with good form, and how many reps and sets to aim for.

How to do a reverse crunch into shoulder stand

  1. Lie on your back (either on a mat, or on a reformer Pilates machine, like Daddario, with your arms anchored tightly to the floor.
  2. Engage your core to curl your knees toward your chest, then fluidly press your feet straight up toward the ceiling, lifting your hips and lower back off the floor.
  3. Slowly lower down, one vertebra at a time. Aim for 3 sets of 6-8 controlled reps.

Optional progression:

  1. As you reach shoulder stand with your legs extended to the ceiling, slowly start to lower your toes toward the floor over your head. Your weight should rest entirely on your shoulders and upper back – not your neck.
  2. Keeping your legs straight, use your core to extend them straight back up to the ceiling, then control the descent by rolling your spine down one vertebra at a time, with your legs remaining straight.

magazine cover featuring health and fitness theme

One of our most frequently asked questions here at Women’s Health? How to build muscle and burn fat at the same time. So, we asked superstar trainer Oyinda Okunowo exactly how to do it. In this 4-week plan – created exclusively for Women’s Health COLLECTIVE members – you’ll get the workouts and nutrition guidance needed to help you on your way to better body composition. Tap the link below to unlock 14 days of free access to Oyinda’s plan and start training today.

GET THE PLAN

Headshot of Bridie Wilkins

As Women’s Health UK’s fitness director and a qualified Pilates and yoga instructor, Bridie Wilkins has been passionately reporting on exercise, health and nutrition since the start of her decade-long career in journalism.

After earning a first-class degree in journalism and NCTJ accreditation, she secured her first role at Look Magazine, where she launched the magazine’s health and fitness column, Look Fit, before going on to become Health and Fitness writer at HELLO!

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Since, she has written for Stylist, Glamour, Cosmopolitan, Marie Claire, Elle, The Metro, Runner’s World and Red. Today, she oversees all fitness content across Women’s Health online and in print, spearheading leading cross-platform franchises, such as ‘Fit At Any Age’, which showcases the women proving that age is no barrier to exercise.

She has also represented the brand on BBC Radio London, plus various podcasts and Substacks – all with the aim to encourage more women to exercise and show them how. Outside of work, find her trying the latest Pilates studio, testing her VO2 max for fun (TY, Oura), or posting workouts on Instagram.   

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Built Strong: Fitness forges unbreakable father-son bond

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Fa­thers of­ten share spe­cial bonds with their chil­dren. For 80-year-old Chanka Ram­rat­tan, that bond is a shared love for fit­ness and ex­er­cise with his 46-year-old son Nari.

The Rousil­lac res­i­dent re­called that he be­gan ex­er­cis­ing at the age of 14, lift­ing weights and tak­ing long walks, a pas­sion that re­mains with him to­day. Dur­ing his time work­ing as a clerk at Tex­a­co, he said he would walk from For­est Re­serve to his Rousil­lac home, a dis­tance of ap­prox­i­mate­ly 12 kilo­me­tres.

“I have done every marathon in Trinidad; you name a marathon, I could tell you. Mi­a­mi Marathon, To­ba­go Sea-to-Sea, which is the most dif­fi­cult marathon that I’ve ever done. I even have a tro­phy where I got the fastest speed walk­ing man, and I have all my medals,” he re­count­ed.

Chanka’s last marathon was a vir­tu­al one in 2021. Since then, his doc­tor has ad­vised him to slow down be­cause of his age. Now, he spends his time at the Health and Fit­ness Gym in Debe and South Oropouche about three times a week, walk­ing marathons of his own on the tread­mill.

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“I do car­dio walk­ing for one hour, and I do weight train­ing for one hour. Then, I go in the sea and I swim and dive for one hour,” he not­ed.

Chanka firm­ly be­lieves reg­u­lar ex­er­cise has con­tributed to his longevi­ty and said he plans to keep go­ing.

“Ex­er­cise is very im­por­tant, and I like ex­er­cise. You go to Mi­a­mi, and you’ll see 90-year-olds and 100-year-olds in the gym, walk­ing, and even go­ing to marathons. That’s be­cause if you don’t ex­er­cise, you feel lethar­gic, you feel down. And you al­so have to read a lot. So, you ex­er­cise the brain, and you ex­er­cise the body,” Chanka ad­vised.

His son Nari be­lieves that per­se­ver­ance was one of the most im­por­tant lessons his fa­ther passed on to his chil­dren, along with a love of fit­ness and ex­er­cise.

“When you are look­ing at your dad, and your mom, and you are see­ing them ex­er­cis­ing and you are see­ing them fit, why would you not want to do the same thing? So, it was in­stilled in all of us, my­self and my two sib­lings. That ex­er­cis­ing be­came a rou­tine. My big­ger sis­ter, she would run, and my small­er sis­ter would do car­dio,” Nari ex­plained.

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The en­gi­neer and busi­ness­man re­called start­ing to ex­er­cise and lift weights with his fa­ther and un­cle from a young age, cred­it­ing the ex­pe­ri­ence with shap­ing the dis­ci­pline and fit­ness mind­set he still fol­lows to­day.

How­ev­er, in 2016, he faced a big ob­sta­cle af­ter he hit his head dur­ing a div­ing ac­ci­dent, dam­ag­ing his C6 and C7 ver­te­brae and spinal cord.

“I was 37 at the time when I got in­to the ac­ci­dent. I lost all feel­ing in my body. The per­son that you see in front of you now is not the per­son I was three years ago. I ac­tu­al­ly couldn’t move at all; I could on­ly move my toe. It took a lot of hard work and will, to come out of that sit­u­a­tion. Even­tu­al­ly, I start­ed to trans­fer from my wheel­chair to a bed, to a car. I even built a ma­chine for me to stand up with a har­ness, and it pulls me up in the air so I can stand up straight. So, I used that for two years to get my body back to where it is,” Nari ex­plained.

Nari, who is cur­rent­ly a quad­ri­pleg­ic, said he was on­ly able to make progress through per­sis­tence and sup­port from his loved ones. Chanka ad­mit­ted that pe­ri­od was one of the most dif­fi­cult ex­pe­ri­ences of his life as a par­ent.

“I wouldn’t like to ex­plain that, that is a dif­fer­ent thing al­to­geth­er. He was in Mount Hope for six months, we had to go every day. It was a re­al try­ing thing, but you know, he is on the way to re­cov­ery. His moth­er wants to see every­thing good for him. For me, she will treat me sec­ond class and she will treat them first class, and she is right. Be­cause the ones that are able to walk, you give them less at­ten­tion be­cause they are tend­ing to them­selves. You have to give more at­ten­tion to the one that needs at­ten­tion,” he ac­knowl­edged.

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But their bond through ex­er­cis­ing didn’t change. Dur­ing COVID-19, Nari said his fa­ther re­turned to weightlift­ing un­der his son’s guid­ance.

“When my dad was trapped in the house and he couldn’t go any­where, he was very mis­er­able. So, we had a sched­ule where he and I would use the weights that I have at home, and I would tell him what to do. He ac­tu­al­ly got a six-pack dur­ing COVID. So, we stayed home and ex­er­cised with my wife and all too. Af­ter, I re­alised now I could start back to go to gym,” Nari re­flect­ed.

Chanka said his son’s de­ter­mi­na­tion con­tin­ues to in­spire him.

“When you see some­body who is a bit in­ca­pac­i­tat­ed and they’re ex­er­cis­ing, they give you in­spi­ra­tion. Like if that man could do that, I could do that too. I wish Nari all the best. He is ad­her­ing to all his ex­er­cis­es, and he has a will that you won’t get in your next life. It’s prob­a­bly my genes passed on to him,” Chanka shared.

Nari said none of that would have been pos­si­ble with­out his fa­ther’s in­flu­ence.

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“Dad, I just want to tell you, thank you very much for be­ing in our lives. You give us the en­cour­age­ment to go day to day, and just keep be­ing who you are, be­cause you have a strong will, strong mind, and that is what keeps us go­ing every day,” he said.

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Angela Rippon, 81, reveals the one exercise she never skips for strong legs: ‘I do it every morning without fail’

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Angela Rippon, 81, reveals the one exercise she never skips for strong legs: ‘I do it every morning without fail’

At 81, Angela Rippon is one of the UK’s most energetic and active broadcasters. A long-time advocate for movement, the former ballet dancer has often credited simple, consistent habits with helping her stay strong, mobile and independent as she gets older. And among her daily rituals is one surprisingly simple exercise she swears by: pliés.

‘I’ll do 20 pliés in the morning, because that’s really good for your balance, your knees, your posture, your core strength, for everything,’ she told Good Housekeeping. ‘Ballet is a wonderful thing for keeping your legs in good shape. It builds the right muscles in your calves and thigh. I go to class whenever I can. I’m a great advocate for dance being the best form of exercise for your mind and your body.’

@theangelarippon//Instagram

Pliés are an easy move that require no equipment and Rippon’s 20 reps take less than a minute to do, yet experts agree that they can offer a host of benefits, from improving balance and posture to building lower-body strength and supporting healthy joints. As Women’s Health Fashion Editor and dance instructor Isabelle Knevett says, ‘Plies strengthen the legs, glutes and inner thighs simultaneously. They also require core activation in order to maintain an upright posture, which helps train your balance and stability.’

Research backs Rippon’s morning habit, too. A 2024 study found that a 10-week classical ballet programme improved lower-body strength and physical function in women over 50, suggesting ballet-inspired movements may help support mobility and independence as we age.

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And Angela has one more non-negotiable within her morning routine: stretching. ‘I do it every day without fail. Even if I’m on a really tight schedule and in a very small hotel room. Think about a cat. A cat might sleep for five hours, but when they get up, they stretch absolutely everything. I feel that after I’ve been sleeping, that’s what I need to do to get everything moving again.’

As for its benefits for longevity, a recent study published in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports found that greater flexibility was associated with a lower risk of early death, while other research found that a 10-minute at-home stretching routine can counteract significant decreases in strength, flexibility and jumping performance caused by low physical activity levels. Consider us influenced.


plan

One of our most frequently asked questions here at Women’s Health? How to build muscle and burn fat at the same time. So, we asked superstar trainer Oyinda Okunowo exactly how to do it. In this 4-week plan – created exclusively for Women’s Health COLLECTIVE members – you’ll get the workouts and nutrition guidance needed to help you on your way to better body composition. Tap the link below to unlock 14 days of free access to Oyinda’s plan and start training today.

GET THE PLAN

Headshot of Bridie Wilkins

As Women’s Health UK’s fitness director and a qualified Pilates and yoga instructor, Bridie Wilkins has been passionately reporting on exercise, health and nutrition since the start of her decade-long career in journalism.

After earning a first-class degree in journalism and NCTJ accreditation, she secured her first role at Look Magazine, where she launched the magazine’s health and fitness column, Look Fit, before going on to become Health and Fitness writer at HELLO!

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Since, she has written for Stylist, Glamour, Cosmopolitan, Marie Claire, Elle, The Metro, Runner’s World and Red. Today, she oversees all fitness content across Women’s Health online and in print, spearheading leading cross-platform franchises, such as ‘Fit At Any Age’, which showcases the women proving that age is no barrier to exercise.

She has also represented the brand on BBC Radio London, plus various podcasts and Substacks – all with the aim to encourage more women to exercise and show them how. Outside of work, find her trying the latest Pilates studio, testing her VO2 max for fun (TY, Oura), or posting workouts on Instagram.   

Continue Reading
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