Winter is here, which means the days are feeling shorter and the weather’s getting colder.
The dark and nippy mornings don’t exactly make it easy to arise for an early spin class or a run.
We spoke with two exercise experts for their tips how to keep motivated to get moving in winter.
Why does it seem harder to exercise in winter?
The season can indeed be very disruptive to people’s exercise routines, says Matthew Bourke, from The University of Queensland’s Health and Wellbeing Centre for Research Innovation.
“Things like the cold, bad weather, it getting lighter later in the morning and darker earlier in the evening are key barriers which get in the way of physical activity,” Dr Bourke says.
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“For a lot of people, these barriers outweigh their motives to exercise.
“It takes a lot more effort and self-control to overcome these barriers to exercise in winter.”
Sport and exercise psychologist Emma Slade says evolution suggests why some people want to “hibernate” more in winter.
“We have shorter days, in turn less hours of sunlight, and often our appetite changes towards more hearty and warm meals,” Ms Slade says.
“Some people may find winter really leads them to slow down, and again this stems from our evolution.
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“Winter for many species is time for restoration.”
During winter, it’s common for some people to enter a hibernation-like condition — bears and other animals do the same.(Unsplash: Gregory Pappas)
Low mood could play a part
During the darker, colder winter months, it’s not uncommon for some people to find they struggle with motivation.
Many Australians report that they feel flat and lethargic in winter, the federal government’s health advice website Health Direct says.
Some people might put this down to ‘the winter blues’.
But a small proportion of people might experience something more severe, called seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
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SAD is a type of depression that usually develops in winter and autumn.
The cause isn’t clear, but it’s believed the lack of sunlight has something to do with it, Health Direct says:
“It is thought to be caused by changes in light exposure, which lead to changes to the body’s circadian rhythms (its ‘body clock’).
“At different times of the year, the body produces different amounts of melatonin and serotonin, which affect mood.”
In winter, SAD symptoms can include:
low mood
sleeping too much
lack of energy and fatigue
craving carbohydrates and sugary foods
gaining weight
losing interest in normal activities
But SAD is rare.
SAD affects “about one in 300” Australians, Professor Greg Murray, director of the Centre for Mental Health at Swinburne University, says.
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While the ‘winter blues’ or SAD can take a toll on our mood, experts say exercising regularly is one way to help alleviate some of the symptoms.
Gym memberships decrease
At the start of every year, gyms see a surge of newcomers eager to kick start their year with fitness goals.
However, by June, 50 per cent of new members will cancel their membership, according to a report from an international body representing the fitness industry.
“In Australia, if we have people starting the year out strong and making a new year’s resolution to exercise more, we naturally expect some of this motivation to start dropping over the first half of the year,” Ms Slade says.
“This occurring at the same time as leading into winter is a double-whammy on motivation.”
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Are there any types of exercise that can help improve motivation?
The short answer is no — because everyone is different.
“The type of exercise that you enjoy is usually the one that will get you moving more consistently,” Ms Slade says.
“It’s the form of exercise where you know overcoming the slight grind and grumble in getting started will soon be overcome by a deep feeling of satisfaction or fulfilment.”
Dr Bourke agrees.
He points to a study that showed participants’ motivation wavered if their main focus for exercise was on improving health and body image, rather than exercising for fun, accomplishment or a challenge.
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The study called the former focuses external motivators and the latter intrinsic motivators.
“There was a study in Wisconsin which looked at motivation between people who exercised all year round and those who only exercised during winter,” he says.
“The authors found that people who sustained their levels of exercise during winter were more strongly motivated by the enjoyment, challenge, and the social affiliation compared to those who only exercised in warmer months.
“That’s why it’s important to try and find something that you actually like doing.”
For some people who love a challenge, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) workouts may tick the box.
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For others, a fun exercise may be taking a walk in the park with the dog. Or maybe, joining a weekly social run club.
Tips on how to stay motivated during winter
Here’s what Ms Slade and Dr Bourke suggest.
Forge a habit
Dr Bourke’s biggest tip to defeat the urge to stay toasty on the couch is to build a habit.
Schedule your workout into your day with a precise time, so it’s set in stone.
“One way to form a habit is through what is called context-dependent repetition,” he says.
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“This is where someone forms habits by doing the same thing in the same contexts over time, such as going to the gym on their lunch break every Tuesday.”
He also recommends using specific cues that signal to yourself that you’re headed out to exercise.
The goal is to build up an association between a cue and an activity.
Take washing your hands after using the toilet as an example: handwashing is the activity and using the toilet is the cue.
Your cue might be bringing exercise clothes to work on specific days, and your activity might be going for a run straight after the work day ends.
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After a period of repetition, it will become almost instinctual to get changed into your work-out gear as soon your shift is over.
Shift your mindset
It’s true that darker months can affect mood, but Ms Slade encourages people to embrace seasonal changes rather than dread them.
“‘I’m lazy in winter’ is a very common form of self-talk synonymous with skipping sessions and sleeping in.
“Shifting this thought to more adaptive thinking such as ‘with trial and error I can adapt and find a winter routine that works for me’ creates a more compassionate and curious space.
“The weather isn’t in your control, but how you prepare is.”
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Work out what might be getting in the way
This is where problem-solving comes into the picture.
“Give yourself a couple of weeks to find a winter routine that works for you,” Ms Slade says.
“After each bout of exercise, reflect on what worked and also what didn’t work or got in the way.
“From there, you can continue to tweak and modify an approach that suits best.”
For example, if you plan to go to the gym in the evenings in winter, but find yourself getting home first and instead settling in for the night, you might take your workout gear with you and head straight from work to the gym.
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I can vouch for this!
And if you don’t get off to a good start this winter, you can continue to problem solve your routine and adjust it right in time for next year.
If it’s too cold and dark to exercise outside, why not consider an at-home workout routine.(Getty: Laura Olivas)
Pump up the music
According to a study in the International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, listening to motivational music before you do something can put you in the right frame of mind for the task at hand.
“Pre-task music can be used to heighten exercisers’ activation for an impending bout of exercise, and has been shown to optimise arousal and facilitate task-relevant imagery,” the report says.
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Another study in the Psychological Bulletin also found stimulative music can distract from pain endured during exercise through competing sensory stimuli.
“Music has the capacity to provide significant positive effects for exercises in terms of reduced perceived exertion and more efficient oxygen utilisation,” the report says.
So, forge a habit (as per Mr Bourke’s advice) to listen to music before you exercise.
It could help you get your sneakers on and drive you out the door, even if it’s cold outside.
“Integrating media, such as music, podcasts, or audiobooks can be a great way to make exercising more enjoyable,” Dr Bourke says.
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When does winter start in Australia?
Winter officially starts today —June 1.
But, because Australia is so big, the seasonal conditions people experience differ depending on where they are.
Northern parts of Australia experience wet season and dry season.
While further south, people tend to think of seasons in the European or North American sense — summer, autumn, winter and spring.
Winter officially ends on August 31.
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When is winter solstice in Australia in 2024?
This year it’ll be on June 21, the Bureau of Meteorology said in a social media post.
Wondering how much weight you should be lifting in the gym to build strength? Dr Stacy Sims says that not going heavy enough could be the biggest mistake women are making in their workouts.
What strength training looks like might differ (for example, some prefer callisthenics over classic weight training) for some, but one thing is clear – it needs to be a challenge.
This is something exercise scientist Dr Stacy Sims was keen to emphasise to journalist Clare Johnston on a recent episode of her podcast, The Honest Channel. The pair discussed why intensity really matters for women when they’re strength training, rather than just doing the same exercise for as many sets or reps as possible.
Article continues below
Dr Sims says she believes many women don’t push themselves enough when working out, which is why we might not see results as quickly as we want. “There’s an inherent difference between building muscle and building strength. So we know that again, one of the first things that will come is strength, but how are we actually maximising that for women?” she says.
How much weight should I lift?
Dr Sims recommends lifting a weight you can complete for a maximum of six to eight repetitions, leaving just one or two in reserve. As she says in her video on perimenopause and resistance training: if it doesn’t challenge you, it doesn’t change you.
Doing lots of repetitions with lighter dumbbells or other weights won’t have the same effect, she warns. Doing many reps over time improves your muscles’ endurance, but not how fibres within the muscle are working and how tightly they’re contracting, which is what you need to build strength – especially in perimenopause.
“When we start having changes in oestrogen, one of the first things that goes is pure power and strength because oestrogen affects our contractile proteins actin and myosin,” she says. She explains that adding load (lifting heavier) means actin and myosin “hold onto each other a lot harder and to have a very strong and tight contraction – that’s what strength and power are”. This means that if you’re not challenging your muscles to work harder through progressive overload, you won’t see the results you may be aiming for, because the proteins in your muscles are only ever contracting lightly.
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“It’s not just about building lean mass, it’s about how strong that muscle is as we go about building it. How do we go about preserving strength and fast-twitch fibres and all the things women need to conserve as we get older to have a really good health span,” Dr Sims explains.
Fast-twitch muscle fibres are needed for heavy weight lifting, sprinting and reaction ability, but they can fatigue quickly and reduce in size and number as we age. This is because of the fall in oestrogen we experience as we enter perimenopause. Men don’t have this problem because their testosterone levels stay more stable throughout their lives.
Taking supplements like creatine, alongside regular exercise, has been shown to improve this as well.
Dr Sims says lifting heavy weights and doing plyometric exercises – explosive, high-intensity exercises such as jumping or hopping – helps women increase and maintain their fast-twitch muscle fibres. She says if we focus on lifting heavy weights for fewer reps, there’s no need to be in the gym for hours every week – welcome news for all of us.
As for how often you should lift weights, she suggests at least three sessions every week with active recovery days between them. This should include mobility exercises and zone 2 exercise, such as a walking workout.
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If you’re new to strength training, remember to speak to a trained professional first to ensure you avoid injury.
Walking and running share a number of benefits — but what about that sweet middle ground between the two?
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“Jogging is about creating a steady pace,” says sports and exercise medicine specialist Leonardo Oliveira, MD. “Instead of focusing on speed, you’re focused more on endurance with good, quality steps.”
Before your next jaunt, Dr. Oliveira shares the many benefits of jogging and how it can help improve your overall health and wellness.
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9 benefits of jogging
Unlike running, where you’re focused on targeting different heart rate zones, jogging involves keeping a more stable and persistent pace. If you’re jogging at a moderate intensity, for example, your target heart rate will usually fall into zone 2, at 60% to 70% of your max heart rate.
“When you’re jogging, you should be able to carry on a conversation as you breathe through your nose,” says Dr. Oliveira. “If you’re doing just 15 minutes of jogging three times a week, you’re already going to notice the benefits.”
Here’s how you can benefit from jogging.
1. Reduces stress
Jogging, like other exercises, can help decrease your stress levels. As an aerobic exercise, it helps release endorphins, which can boost your mood and create feelings of euphoria or satisfaction. Not only does it provide an outlet for pent-up energy, but jogging outside also allows you to spend more time in nature, which provides even more mental health benefits.
“Research shows exercise can be as effective as medication when treating depression because of its wide-ranging benefits,” says Dr. Oliveira.
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2. Burns calories
Jogging is a full-body exercise that offers a higher calorie burn than some other aerobic exercises. According to the widely used Compendium of Physical Activities, jogging burns about 7.5 calories per kilogram of body weight each hour. That means you can burn about:
8 times as many calories as sitting quietly
4 times as many calories as walking
2.6 times as many calories as stationary cycling
“Jogging will burn more calories in a shorter period of time than cycling, especially if you’re not used to exercising,” reports Dr. Oliveira.
3. Improves insulin resistance and boosts metabolism
Insulin resistance is one of the biggest barriers to having a healthy metabolism. Insulin helps your body break down glucose for energy. But if your body can’t do that, your metabolism slows down, leading to:
Lower energy levels
Weight gain
An inability to burn fat
“Exercising at higher intensities helps increase metabolism and insulin resistance,” says Dr. Oliveira. “But researchers have also found that even lower-intensity exercises, like jogging, for longer periods of time can have the same effect.”
4. Strengthens your heart
Jogging also has positive impacts on your heart and its ability to pump blood to the rest of your body. That’s because it contributes to hypertrophy, or the strengthening of your heart’s muscle tissues.
“As you develop endurance, the amount of blood in one pump increases,” explains Dr. Oliveira. “When your heart gets stronger, it contracts more efficiently, which decreases your resting heart rate.”
5. Improves lung expansion and gas exchange
The more you work on building endurance and stamina, the more likely it is that you’ll improve your overall ability to breathe — both at rest and while jogging.
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“Consistent aerobic exercise helps your lungs get stronger and more efficient,” says Dr. Oliveira. “Over time, you won’t need to breathe as often because each breath brings in more oxygen than before.”
6. Activates muscles
Jogging activates major muscle groups, including your:
Quads
Hamstrings
Glutes
Core
Back
“Strength training is a good complement to jogging because it can help strengthen all the areas of your body,” says Dr. Oliveira. “This can help you handle longer distances.”
7. Reduces stiffness
“Jogging is one of those activities where once you get going, you start to feel better,” notes Dr. Oliveira. “It’s an exercise that helps warm up your muscles and lubricate your joints, which can help with the overall sense of stiffness that comes with age.”
That said, jogging is still a high-impact exercise because it forces you to bear down weight as your feet hit the pavement. Consider working with a physical therapist or athletic trainer to reduce the risk of further injury if you:
Have arthritis
Have an active injury
Had previous sprains or fractures in your lower body
8. Improves endurance
“The more you jog, the more you’ll increase your functional aerobic capacity,” says Dr. Oliveira. “Someone who jogs regularly will have better physical fitness that will help them last longer on a bike or a walk than someone who’s just getting started.”
Your ability to breathe and move also extends to other daily activities that demand cardiovascular strength and endurance, like climbing stairs.
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9. Provides better quality of life and other mental health benefits
Research shows that any amount of jogging — even just once a week — can improve your quality of life and lower your risk of dying from cancer and cardiovascular-related issues.
“Jogging is a great form of exercise, but it’s not the only one,” notes Dr. Oliveira. “The most important thing is to work on being healthy and strong. And for a lot of people, if you’re looking to advance your physical fitness, jogging is a good place to start.”
As an increasing number of scientific studies are published citing the benefits of ‘exercise snacking’ – short bouts of physical activity sprinkled throughout the day – one celeb has sworn by the practise for several years already. The woman in question? Acting great Michelle Yeoh. Below, we look at the power of mini workouts and why the Oscar-winner’s go-to move is so effective.
Stretching
Michelle revealed to Vogue that she incorporates fitness into her morning routine in a way that’s incredibly time-efficient. ‘Remember, you can do your kicks, you can do your stretches, while you are also waking up,’ she said. Indeed, research has shown that regular stretching can improve flexibility, reduce muscle stiffness and improve blood circulation – all crucial elements of healthy ageing.
And you don’t have to stretch for very long, either. One study found that while static stretching improves flexibility in adults, there was no additional benefit observed beyond four minutes per session or 10 minutes per week. So, it seems that a short stretching sesh (you don’t even have to get out of bed to do it) like Michelle’s is a very worthwhile habit to adopt.
Squats
In her Vogue interview, Michelle also shared that she performs squats most days while doing her skincare routine. Virtually every expert and trainer we speak to here at Women’s Health lists squats as one of the most important moves for women to do as they age. A compound exercise (when multiple muscle groups are used), squats also mirror the vital movement pattern of sitting down and getting back up again.
Numerous studies have highlighted the benefits of this simple exercise for posture, strength and power, and one paper even found that intermittent squat exercises performed during prolonged periods of sitting may boost brain power. Whether you’re squatting mid-moisturise like Michelle or while you’re waiting for the kettle to boil, the science suggests sprinkling squats into your day can be really quite powerful.
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The power of habit stacking
As Michelle’s routine shows, adopting a sustainable exercise routine often relies on habit stacking – adding a movement to something you already do every day, like doing your skincare or brushing your teeth.
BRB, we’re just off to do our daily squats.
After years living with endometriosis and undergoing seven rounds of IVF, Radio 4 presenter Emma Barnett turned to training with PT Frankie Holah to rebuild strength and a more positive relationship with her body. Download the Women’s Health UK app to access Frankie’s full training plan.
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Hannah Bradfield is a Senior Health and Fitness Writer for Women’s Health UK. An NCTJ-accredited journalist, Hannah graduated from Loughborough University with a BA in English and Sport Science and an MA in Media and Cultural Analysis. She has been covering sports, health and fitness for the last five years and has created content for outlets including BBC Sport, BBC Sounds, Runner’s World and Stylist. She especially enjoys interviewing those working within the community to improve access to sport, exercise and wellness. Hannah is a 2024 John Schofield Trust Fellow and was also named a 2022 Rising Star in Journalism by The Printing Charity. A keen runner, Hannah was firmly a sprinter growing up (also dabbling in long jump) but has since transitioned to longer-distance running. While 10K is her favoured race distance, she loves running or volunteering at parkrun every Saturday, followed, of course, by pastries. She’s always looking for fun new runs and races to do and brunch spots to try.
