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Fitness
Benefits of regular exercise: How working out can impact your life
We’ve all heard it time and time again from friends, family, medical professionals and lifestyle influencers — regular exercise is crucial for overall well-being. And yet, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, fewer than 50% of adults meet the weekly guidelines for aerobic physical activity, and that number drops to less than 25% when guidelines for muscle-building exercise are added to the equation. The reality is, between the time commitment and routine change of adding exercise to your schedule, it can feel like a serious chore.
Exercise is more than a task, though — it’s a powerful tool to enhance your body and mind. Experts across different fields agree that regular exercise offers undeniable benefits, from strengthening your heart and bones to reducing the risk of chronic diseases and boosting mental well-being and energy levels.
What is exercise?
To be clear, exercise and general physical activity are two separate things. Both are important to health, but planning and following a true fitness program is crucial if you want to reap the full benefits of exercise. So what’s the difference between exercise and activity? Rather than the casual steps to and from your car in the parking lot, exercise is structured, repetitive movement focused on improving at least one specific component of physical fitness: body composition, flexibility, muscular strength, muscular endurance or cardiorespiratory endurance.
Exercise comes in many forms and formats, and it can be tailored to suit your goals and needs. Whether you run, practice yoga, lift weights, dance or cycle, movement options are endless and when they’re pursued in a structured, repetitive way, they all can qualify as exercise.
The 10 top benefits of regular exercise
Improved cardiovascular health
Let’s get to the heart of it: Exercise is good for your heart. A 2024 study found that participants who met physical activity recommendations (accumulating at least 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity cardiovascular exercise or 75-minutes a week of vigorous-intensity cardio) had a 23% lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease than those who didn’t meet these standards.
“Regular exercise can improve cardiovascular fitness by strengthening the heart muscle, increasing blood circulation and lowering blood pressure. This leads to a reduced risk of heart disease and improved overall cardiovascular health,” explains Nicholas Marion, CPT and PhD candidate in exercise and sport science working at Fit Athletic East Village in Southern California.
Furthermore, research also shows that regular exercise improves cholesterol levels, a factor linked to cardiovascular health.
Stronger bones
As you age, bone density becomes increasingly important in preventing conditions like osteoporosis. Weight-bearing exercises like walking, running or strength training can stimulate bone-forming cells by placing positive stress on your bones.
“Proper exercise can put beneficial stress on the bones, which triggers the body to build more bone tissue to adapt to the increased load. Ultimately, this can stimulate the release of hormones like growth hormone and testosterone, which play a role in bone formation and maintenance. This helps the bones become stronger and more resilient,” says Josh Holland, NASM-CPT and Vivobarefoot coach.
Exercise also helps mitigate bone breakdown. “Regular moderate exercise can lower cortisol levels, a hormone that breaks down bone tissue. This combined effect of increased bone formation and reduced bone breakdown helps maintain and improve bone health,” say Dr. Yousef Elyaman, MD and medical director at Humann in Austin, Texas.
Improved mental health
Beyond boosting physical fitness, regular physical activity positively impacts mood and mental well-being.
“Regular exercise has been extensively studied, and the consensus is always very similar: It boosts mood and helps alleviate anxiety, depression and stress. Physiologically, exercise increases endorphins, which are feel-good neurotransmitters that also can improve sleep quality and reduce the stress hormone cortisol. It also can help relieve somatic symptoms like stomach aches or headaches through increased blood flow,” say Rachel Goldberg, personal trainer and licensed psychotherapist.
Exercise can also improve body image, boost self-confidence and increase a sense of community through group fitness.
Increased energy
It seems counterintuitive that working out could boost your energy given all the sweat and energy you have to expend to do it, but hear us out!
When you exercise, you improve circulation, delivering more oxygen and nutrients to your tissues while simultaneously removing damaged mitochondria, which are responsible for creating the body’s source of energy. As your tissues function more efficiently with fresh oxygen and nutrients and less waste, you’ll feel an energy boost.
Plus, exercise can improve sleep quality, so you feel more rested too. “Exercise also helps with regular sleep patterns, which in turn increases with energy levels throughout the day,” notes Becky LaChance, RN, BSN, CPT.
Better sleep
Speaking of better sleep quality, regular physical activity helps you fall asleep faster and sleep deeper. According to arecent review study, the increase in body temperature that takes place during exercise may improve sleep quality by facilitating a subsequent drop in temperature as you rest post-workout. And when your body temperature drops, it’s easier to fall asleep and stay asleep.
Since aerobic exercise causes the body to release endorphins, try to exercise two hours before bed to give the brain time to wind down after the surge.
Better skin
Exercise could result in healthier skin. “Exercise increases blood flow, which helps deliver oxygen and nutrients to the skin cells, promoting a healthy, glowing complexion,” explains Dr. Hannah Kopelman, a dermatologist practicing in New York.
“Regular physical activity can reduce stress levels, which in turn can help manage conditions like acne, eczema and psoriasis that are often exacerbated by stress. I often tell my patients that sweating during exercise helps flush out toxins from the skin, potentially reducing the risk of clogged pores and breakouts,” continues Kopelman.
To reap these benefits, take proper precautions. “Stay hydrated while exercising — it will keep you and your skin from getting dehydrated. Also remember to protect your skin from the elements when you exercise outdoors. Protecting your skin from ultraviolet light is important year-round, rain or shine, summer or winter,” says Dr. Susan Massick, a dermatologist practicing in Ohio.
Improved brain function
When you exercise, you increase the oxygen supply to your brain, stimulating hormone production that encourages brain cell growth. This growth can help you think, learn and remember things better.
“Exercise significantly improves brain function, largely due to a substance called brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF is like Miracle-Gro for the brain, helping to sustain and even grow new brain cells. Regular physical activity is one of the most powerful stimulators of BDNF, enhancing cognitive functions such as memory, learning and problem-solving. Additionally, exercise increases blood flow to the brain, delivering more oxygen and nutrients, which further supports brain health. By boosting BDNF levels and improving overall brain function, exercise keeps your mind sharp and resilient,” explains Elyaman.
Improved immunity
According to a 2021 study published in the journal Sports Medicine, when you exercise, immune cells more efficiently circulate throughout your body, strengthening your immune response against viruses. Not only can this help prevent you from getting sick, but there’s also evidence that it could strengthen the potency of vaccination.
Regular exercise has also been linked to lower chronic inflammation, a risk factor in various illnesses.
Weight management
One of exercise’s most-known benefits is weight management. Here’s how it works.
Exercise increases your metabolic rate and muscle mass. Muscle burns more calories at rest than other tissues. While the amount is minimal on a day-to-day basis, the cumulative effects of a more active metabolism and the additional calories burned during bouts of exercise can add up. Plus, after every workout, your metabolism remains revved at a higher rate as your muscles work to repair and recover from the stress you placed on them. The combined effect of these three factors can lead to weight loss, provided you’re not overcompensating by taking in additional calories.
The benefits of proper weight management go beyond the scale (and the mirror) — maintaining a healthy weight can help prevent chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
How to add exercise to your schedule
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, such as brisk walking or swimming, or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, like running or jumping rope, each week. That breaks down to between 15-30 minutes of exercise, five days a week, depending on your intensity level.
They also advise doing muscle-strengthening activities (like weight lifting or body-weight training) twice weekly and to include mobility and flexibility exercises as part of a well-rounded fitness regimen.
As with all broad health statements, 150 minutes is not a one-size-fits-all recommendation. Check with a health care professional if you are new to exercise, have chronic conditions or are injured.
Similarly, just because your friend or spouse loves a particular exercise or activity, that doesn’t mean it’s the right choice for you. It’s crucial to select activities that you can commit to, and that fit conveniently into your lifestyle.
“Mixing activities is also always a good idea to prevent boredom and to continue to challenge the body and mind differently. Group activities like fitness classes are ideal for someone who likes camaraderie and accountability. High-intensity exercise can increase the feel-good neurotransmitters, while slower and more mindful exercises, like yoga or qigong, can promote introspection and enhance feelings of self-efficacy,” says Goldberg.
FAQs
Should I really exercise every day?
Balance is key. LaChance explains that daily physical activity is beneficial, but balancing intensity and rest is essential to avoid burnout and injury. She adds, “It’s extremely important to incorporate active rest and recovery into your routine. Active rest days include lighter activities like walking, yoga or stretching, which can be really beneficial to help with overall muscle soreness and recovery.” She also emphasizes that it’s critical to listen to your body. She advises, “If you’re feeling overly tired and fatigued or experiencing persistent muscle soreness, it might be a sign to take a rest day.”
“Start small and build up gradually! If you’re working out one to two days a week, begin there and add more as you become consistent,” advises LaChance.
How long does it take to start seeing results from exercise?
The “feel-good” mental health benefits of regular exercise may appear immediately, but long-term mental and physical health benefits can take several weeks.
“Generally, noticeable changes, including increased strength, endurance and muscle tone, can be seen in a few weeks to a few months,” said Marion.
“Physical results really vary based on things like consistency, workout intensity and nutrition. Remember, health and fitness is a journey, so changes don’t happen overnight,” notes LaChance.
How does exercise change your body?
The evidence is clear: Exercise transforms your body. Exercise builds muscle, helps manage weight and improves mental well-being. These changes occur over time and depend on exercise intensity and other lifestyle factors.
Meet our experts
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Nicholas Marion, CPT at Fit Athletic East Village, San Diego, Calif.
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Josh Holland, NASM-CPT, a Vivobarefoot coach and co-author of The Awareness Shift: Unearth the Five Pillars of Optimal Health and Wellness, New York
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Dr. Yousef Elyaman, MD, Medical Director at Humann, Austin, Texas
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Rachel Goldberg, Licensed psychotherapist and personal trainer, Rachel Goldberg Therapy, Studio City, Calif.
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Becky LaChance, RN, BSN, CPT, Online fitness and nutrition coach, Hermosa Beach, Calif.
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Dr. Hannah Kopelman, Dual-trained dermatologist, Kopelman Aesthetic Surgery, New York
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Dr. Susan Massick, Dermatologist and Clinical Associate Professor of Dermatology at the Ohio State University Wexler Medical Center, Ohio
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Fitness
Bored of Walking? Get Lean With These 5 Strength Exercises Instead
Whether you’re bored of the same old walking routine or want to boost your fitness, strength training is the name of the game. While walking is excellent at torching calories, strength training offers benefits beyond burning calories in the moment. That’s why we spoke with a fitness pro who outlines the best strength exercises to get lean when you’re tired of walking.
“With strength training, you’re not only burning calories during the workout, but you’re also building lean muscle. This added muscle mass increases your metabolism, allowing you to burn more calories even at rest,” explains Stan Kravchenko, celebrity coach and founder of OneFit.com. “Your body will naturally expend more energy to maintain muscle mass, which supports weight loss and overall health over the long term.”
Similar to walking, strength exercises benefit your cardiovascular fitness, but they provide substantial advantages for bone density, muscles, and injury prevention as well. “Building muscle mass promotes longevity and better supports your joints, ligaments, and tendons as you age,” Kravchenko adds. “If your goal is to lose weight and build lean muscle, strength training is an effective path.”
That being said, you don’t have to choose one form of exercise over the other. A well-rounded workout routine should include both! Kravchenko recommends performing strength training on one day and utilizing walking as an active recovery exercise on another.
Below are five excellent strength exercises to get lean that are perfect for your upper body, core, and lower body. “Performing these exercises consistently will help you build strength, improve body composition, and support other health benefits, such as increased muscle size, enhanced bone density, reduced body fat, and more,” says Kravchenko.
Goblet Squat
The goblet squat is a great choice to target your core and lower body, firing up your hamstrings, quads, glutes, and core muscles. “The goblet squat is suitable for everyone, from beginners to those with more experience, as it helps keep the torso upright, making it a safe and effective option for building lower-body strength,” Kravchenko tells us.
- Stand tall, feet hip-width apart, holding a dumbbell with both hands like a goblet at your chest.
- Lower into a squat, keeping your chest tall and back straight.
- Once your thighs are parallel to the ground, press through your heels to stand up tall.
- Complete 3 sets of 8-12 reps.
Pulldown
“This exercise is ideal for working on your pulling motion and strengthening your back muscles,” explains Kravchenko. “The seated cable pulldown allows you to perform the exercise safely and effectively, with good control over each repetition.”
- Sit at a lat pulldown machine with your knees secured under the pad and feet firmly planted on the ground.
- Grab the handle and pull it down to your upper chest.
- Use control to return to the start position.
- Complete 3 sets of 10-12 reps.
Dumbbell Chest Press
“The dumbbell chest press is a great exercise for pushing movements, targeting the chest, triceps, and front shoulder muscles,” Kravchenko points out. “Unlike machines or barbells, dumbbells offer more freedom of movement, which is often safer for shoulder joints.”
- Lie flat on your back on a workout bench with a dumbbell in each hand and arms extended over your chest.
- Lower the dumbbells toward your chest until your elbows reach a 90-degree angle.
- Press the weights back up.
- Perform 3 sets of 10-12 reps.
Single-Leg Press
“This exercise allows you to work each side of your body individually, helping to balance any strength differences between your legs,” says Kravchenko. “The single-leg press prevents one side from compensating for the other, making it especially beneficial if you have one leg that is more dominant. Similar to a unilateral dumbbell chest press for the upper body, this exercise targets your glutes and legs effectively.”
- Sit at a leg press machine with one foot on the platform.
- Press the weight away from your body.
- Lower the weight using control.
- Switch legs after completing each set.
- Perform 3 sets of 8-10 reps for each leg.
Pallof Press with Rotation
“This is a fantastic core exercise, chosen specifically because it introduces a rotational movement,” Kravchenko explains. “Unlike the previous exercises, which all operate in the sagittal plane, the Pallof press with rotation works in the transverse plane, challenging your core and obliques in a different way.”
- Attach a resistance band or cable at chest level.
- Stand tall, perpendicular to the anchor point, holding onto the handle with both hands.
- Press the handle away from your body and slowly rotate your torso toward the anchor point, activating your core muscles.
- Return to the start position.
- Perform 3 sets of 12-15 reps per side.
Alexa Mellardo
Fitness
Fitness: Is mindfulness the key to a more enjoyable workout?
If exercise pushes you so far outside your comfort zone that physical activity is associated with pain more than pleasure, there’s little motivation to get off the couch.
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There’s no shortage of rumination about why more than half of Canadians don’t meet the recommended 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week. Lack of time is a common excuse, but there are plenty of busy people who exercise regularly. Access is another often-stated barrier, though most Canadians can safely exercise outdoors or in the privacy of their own home should other fitness facilities not be within an easy commute.
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What’s often ignored is the role enjoyment plays in exercise adherence. For those who revel in a tough workout, the idea some people hate to sweat may seem strange. But if exercise pushes you so far outside your comfort zone that physical activity is associated with pain more than pleasure, there’s little motivation to get off the couch.
Once exercise becomes coupled with discomfort, getting reluctant exercisers to find pleasure and enjoyment in physical activity is an uphill battle. To help improve its appeal, researchers have been looking at the effectiveness of something called “extrinsic strategies” to promote better exercise adherence. Defined as “environmental manipulations of the exercise experience that fall outside of the FITT principles,” extrinsic strategies are more about the mental, rather than physical aspects of exercise. In short, the focus is less about the frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise, and more about the role feelings play in the adoption of a regular workout routine.
To be clear, we’re not talking about taking the effort out of exercise. Extrinsic strategies work on altering the perception of effort. Even more granular, it’s important to alter how effort is perceived during, not after, a workout. There’s a marked difference in how people feel once they wipe the sweat off their brow compared to when they’re grinding it out just hoping to finish. And while some people use the feeling of accomplishment that comes after a tough workout to motivate their return to the gym, others can’t get past the memory of how uncomfortable it felt in the moment.
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One of the extrinsic strategies to improving the exercise experience is focusing on external stimuli instead of how the body feels. Music is a popular distraction, which is why so many exercisers listen to their favourite playlists. Another option is exercising outdoors where nature works its magic at diverting exercisers from the internal sensations of effort. Exercising with a friend or within a group also helps. But contrary to using external distractions to dampen the effort of exercise, is the novel idea of leaning into how your body feels during a tough workout.
Mindfulness is defined as paying attention to what’s happening in the moment while also being open to how the body responds physically and mentally to the current experience. In other words, instead of trying to disassociate from the feelings of effort, mindfulness aims to accept and acknowledge the exertion it takes to complete a workout.
The idea that mindfulness is effective at improving exercise adherence is gaining traction, with initial studies suggesting it has merit, but mostly when exercising at lower intensities. Learning to accept and become comfortable with the feelings associated with physical exertion could be a crucial first step in finding pleasure in exercise.
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A recent study published in the Journal of Sports Sciences recently tested the effectiveness of mindfulness in enhancing the exercise experience. The goal of the research team was to see if mindfulness “could prove a useful pleasure enhancing strategy during exercise.”
A test sample of 34 recreationally active men and women were divided into two groups. One group was equipped with a recording taken from Headspace, a popular meditation and mindfulness app, that focused exercisers on tuning into their body and its movement. The control group was without any mindfulness tools.
Both sets of exercisers were asked to follow a 1.5-mile loop through a local park at a self-selected intensity they could sustain for 20-25 minutes. Heart rate was continually monitored, and study subjects were asked to check in with how they felt at two points during the walk (at 0.5 and one mile).
Results indicated listening to a mindfulness recording led to a more pleasurable exercise experience than walking the loop without. That positive response to exercise continued after the workout finished, another sign the mindfulness guided walk produced the kind of enjoyment that could encourage exercisers to walk more often.
Learning to appreciate the feelings associated with effort is an interesting strategy to introduce, especially to new exercisers who often negatively perceive the physical sensations that occur during a workout. With more practice accepting, instead of tuning out, those feelings, a greater number of novice exercisers could become more tolerant of the effort required to improve overall fitness. It’s also an interesting approach for seasoned exercisers who generally rely on disassociating from the intense feelings of a hard workout.
Acknowledging, accepting and appreciating the effort of being physically active are tools every exerciser can lean into when the going gets tough. More importantly, it could be part an improved strategy to get more Canadians enjoying the 150 minutes a week they spend working up a sweat.
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Fitness
‘WH’ Editors Put These Fitness Gifts On Their Wishlist
Jasmine Gomez is the Commerce Editor at Women’s Health, where she cover the best product recommendations across beauty, health, lifestyle, fitness, and more. When she’s not shopping for a living, she enjoys karaoke and dining out more than she cares to admit. Follow her @JazzeGomez.
Mark Stock is a food, drink, and outdoors writer from Portland, Oregon. He spent years making, selling, and sipping Pinot Noir in the Dundee Hills before a full return to his journalistic roots in 2016. In addition to Men’s Health, he writes for SevenFifty Daily, Sip Northwest, The Somm Journal, The Drake, Willamette Week, Travel Oregon, and more.
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