We have reached the end of a year of change, in which our leaders turned their attention from tamping down inflation to spurring a lagging economy. It also saw the federal government releasing a host of new policies, as it prepared for an election in 2025.

We outline some of the biggest changes in personal finance coming in the new year.

Capital-gains inclusion rate

The federal government’s move to raise the capital-gains inclusion rate was the headline policy in its 2024 budget. Canadians will feel its impact for the first time when filing their taxes in 2025.

As of June 25, the capital-gains inclusion rate of 50 per cent for individuals only applies to profits under $250,000. All profits above $250,000 will face a 66.7-per-cent inclusion rate.

Since most Canadians invest in tax-sheltered accounts such as tax-free savings accounts, the majority of people will be shielded from any tax changes. But anyone selling a secondary home or significant non-sheltered investments could pay thousands more in taxes in a given year.

Public dental care opens to all eligible people

The Canadian Dental Care Plan, which helps cover costs at the dentist’s office for Canadians without insurance, started rolling out in 2024 for seniors and people under 18.

In 2025, Ottawa will open the program to the remaining eligible Canadians. Eligibility requirements include a net family income under $90,000, being a Canadian resident for tax purposes, and having filed a tax return in the previous year.

Between 40 per cent and 100 per cent of eligible costs will be covered, depending on income.

Tax bracket adjustments

As inflation slows down, so does the increase in federal tax brackets. All five brackets will rise by 2.7 per cent for 2025, compared with an increase of 4.7 per cent for 2024.

GST holiday and rebate cheques

Two spending incentives unveiled by Ottawa in November will have a large part of their impact in 2025.

First, a federal sales-tax holiday on specific goods that started mid-December will last until Feb. 15. In some provinces, consumers will also be exempt from paying the provincial portion of sales tax. Exempted purchases include restaurant meals, books, beer and wine.

The government also said it would send $250 rebate cheques to Canadians in April. However, that program wasn’t included in the GST holiday legislation or the fall economic statement in December, as the Liberals did not anticipate enough support for the measure in Parliament. The cheques were to be sent to Canadians who worked in 2023 and made under $150,000 in net individual income.

B.C. introduces anti-home-flipping tax

A tax meant to prevent the short-term holding of homes for profit will go into effect on Jan. 1 in British Columbia.

Anyone selling a home that they have owned for less than 730 days will be subject to a 20-per-cent tax on any profit.

The tax is distinct from the federal government’s rules to discourage property flipping, which treat profits as fully taxable on an individual’s income-tax return.

New rules for down payments and mortgages

New mortgage rules will allow Canadians to make smaller down payments on properties valued at more than $1-million. Previously, buyers had to have a down payment of at least 5 per cent for homes valued under $500,000, 10 per cent for every dollar between $500,000 and $1-million, and 20 per cent of every dollar over $1-million.

As of mid-December, buyers now have to have a 5-per-cent down payment up to $500,000, and 10 per cent between $500,000 and $1.5-million. The 20-per-cent minimum now starts at $1.5-million.

Insured mortgages will also be allowed on homes of up to $1.5-million, up from a $1-million cap previously. Insured mortgages come with lower interest rates when purchasing a home with a down payment below 20 per cent, but they require the purchase of an insurance premium that is rolled into the mortgage.

First-time buyers and buyers of new builds will also have access to 30-year mortgages, up from the previous cap of 25 years.

Easing loan access for building secondary suites

The federal government is adding two new ways to make it easier to finance a secondary suite, such as a basement rental unit, for an existing home.

The first is the Canada Secondary Suite Loan Program, which will give homeowners access to a low-cost loan of up to $80,000 to build a suite. It is expected to launch in early January, with 15-year terms and an interest rate of 2 per cent.

Homeowners will now also be able to refinance their insured mortgages if they use the equity to build secondary suites, up to a limit of $2-million. This will allow them to retain the lower rates that come with an insured mortgage when refinancing.

Government sets lower limit on interest rates for lenders

New loans starting from Jan. 1 will be subject to new rules that set the criminal interest rate at 35 per cent, down from the previous threshold of roughly 48 per cent. The government said the change is meant to crack down on high-interest lending from alternative lenders.

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