Pay Dirt is Slate’s money advice column. Have a question? Send it to Athena, Kristin, and Ilyce here. (It’s anonymous!)

Dear Pay Dirt,

How does one figure out what they’re even saving for? I’m reaching my 30s, and many of my friends are still in very “spendy” times of their lives—a lot of them spend big on going out/vacations/etc. by using the sentiment, “What am I even saving for?” I’m admittedly a bit more conservative with my money and try to save as big a portion of my salary as I can (while still making space for the things I enjoy). Because of this, I’ve amassed quite a bit in savings (just over $100,000).

But lately, I’ve been wondering, what am I actually saving for? The chances of affording a home one day in my high cost of living area are actually very small (a lot of people here are lifelong renters, even into middle age). Of course, there’s money for emergencies and retirement, but beyond that what is all this money actually for! How do people decide? It seems like the natural conclusion is saving for a home, but if that’s out of the picture, what then?

—A Saver With Doubts

Dear Saver with Doubts,

Congratulations on hitting a huge milestone: $100,000 in savings. That’s no small feat, and I’m sure you’ve made some tough choices to get there. I’d like to reframe your questions. You ask, “What am I saving for?” as if the only answer is something tangible: A house, a new car, a big, fancy trip. Instead, imagine if what you’re saving for are “options and opportunities.”

What happens if you save too much money? You can take a year off, retire early, help your family and friends, or contribute to a worthy cause. You can indulge your passions, whatever they may be, go back to school for an advanced or different degree, become a caregiver, or stay at home and game all day long. Having money in the bank (and hopefully the stock market) gives you the option and opportunity to explore and experience your life differently.

As for saving for a house, let’s reframe that, too. What if you continue to rent in your neighborhood but buy a vacation or investment property elsewhere? Could you start building a nest egg of rental properties or perhaps purchase a small commercial building that will eventually deliver passive income to help fuel your options and opportunities? You’re building financial security that will pay off down the line, just when you need it most. So, keep an open mind. Talk to people about their lives and investments. I have no doubt that one day you’ll find an opportunity worth pursuing.

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Dear Pay Dirt, 

My wife is in her first year as an attending physician and is absolutely burned out. She wants to quit and find a part-time position that would likely pay her around $100,000 less per year. We have a 3-year-old and recently bought a house in a high cost of living area based on the assumption that she’d be working full-time. We barely have savings after her eight years as an underpaid medical student and resident.

I want to support her choices, but I also know we can’t make up $100,000 just by cutting back on Starbucks. We would have to make life-altering changes to stay afloat financially. We fight whenever I  bring it up. She gets upset when I talk about the trade-offs, and I get frustrated when she refuses to consider them. How should we approach this problem? What can I do differently?

—Bad News Bearer

Dear Bad News Bearer,

Your wife must be under immense stress: She’s in her first year as an attending physician, getting used to all that working full-time entails. She probably feels that she’s short-changing everything else in her life, including you, your toddler, and your marriage. She’s worried about financially supporting the family without losing her mind, especially if she has student loans. (The average medical school graduate owes over $250,000 in total student loan debt and 73 percent of medical school graduates have educational debt.)

For what it’s worth, my doctor friends say the first few years as an attending are the worst. You’re getting used to the job, the hours, and the pushback you get from the healthcare industry, older/more established physicians, and even some of your patients. So, yes. Her life is tough right now. She knows you’re barely making it financially. What she doesn’t realize is that she has a partner in her success: You!

You’re watching her struggle and in addition to keeping your eye on the bottom line, you have to help her remember why she went through eight to 12 years of schooling and residency to become a doctor. Help her recall the trade-offs you both made so that she could achieve her dream. Back off on the money discussion for the moment and focus on what you can do immediately to lighten her load. Can you pick up more slack with your toddler? Do more around the house? Manage playdates, run errands, or find a way for your wife to get some personal time (and maybe a massage, if she enjoys that sort of thing)?

More concerning is that you two are talking past each other when it comes to money. She doesn’t want to give up her home and lifestyle, not after all the time and energy she spent to get there. That’s why she fights you whenever you bring it up. On the other hand, you don’t want to dig a hole you can’t climb out of. That’s fair, too. The good news is there’s a way through these tough times. It involves sitting down and talking about how hard things are now and the timeline for when you both envision them getting better. Make a list of the positives and negatives of her staying full-time. Figure out how long it will take her to feel better about work and stabilize your finances. It might take six months or a year or two to get there. But I find that once you put a number down on paper, you can mark time against it. Writing down financial goals helps put things in perspective. It’s your own 30,000-foot view. Then, check-in at three or six months and see how much progress you’re making. If she’s still unhappy, nail down the new pain points she’s feeling and work to relieve the pressure. Is there a way you can increase your income to help balance a reduction in hers? Is there a temporary part-time role she can take on while she recovers her equilibrium that would help save on child care or other expenses? Are there strategic cuts (beyond Starbucks) that will help you stay in your home and focused on the future while you work through this financial pinch?

If you can’t have this conversation calmly (and opening a bottle of your favorite beverage doesn’t help), then you might need a third party to help you get there together. Marriage counseling is where I’d start. See if you can find a way to communicate about your money issues that doesn’t sound (to her ears) like a threat, a give-back of hard-won gains (like the house), or a vision of a bleak future devoid of fun. Once you learn how to talk to each other about money, find a financial advisor you can trust to help you plan through the tough times and visualize all the good stuff that’s coming.

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Dear Pay Dirt,

My husband and I (38 and 40, no kids) have steadily worked our way up and after 14 years of marriage, I feel like we’re finally pretty comfortable. We have a combined income of just over $100,000, a house with a decent amount of equity, retirement accounts, a more short-term investment account, and a savings account (“high-yield” at a pitiful half a percent) with around $60,000 in it. Our only debt right now besides the mortgage is my husband’s student loan, around $10,000.

I guess my question is… what now? Should we pay off his loans? Should I be more focused on maxing out retirement savings? Put some money into renovating our house? We have a financial advisor, but he’s pretty low-key and just asks us what WE want. I’m not sure how to prioritize!

—We’re Comfortable, Now What?

Dear We’re Comfortable,

What a nice place to be at 40. Congratulations on doing so much right. Here are a few suggestions for taking it all to the next level:

First, take some of your low-yield savings and pay off those student loans. You’re probably paying 8 percent on the debt while earning half a percent. That’s not a winning strategy. And, while you’re at it, there are plenty of true high-yield savings accounts online. Some are returning 5 percent, or more. So, find one (Bankrate lists a bunch) and transfer a big chunk of your excess savings there so you can make your money work harder for you.

Next, absolutely maximize your 401(k) accounts. And, if you haven’t already, open up a couple of Roth IRAs. In 2024, you can plow up to $7,000 each in after-tax funds ($8,000 if you’re at least 50 years old) into those accounts, which will grow tax-free forever. Trust me: It’ll be nice to have the option of using tax-free funds in retirement. Once you’ve done all that, pay down your vehicle loan(s) and home loan.

As for renovating your house, that’s a huge project in and of itself. The question you need to answer is whether you need to do something (i.e., the roof is leaking) or you think you’ll live happier or better in some way. That could mean freshening up your decorating or perhaps tackling a larger project like redoing a bathroom or kitchen. Renovating your home is costly and it takes up a lot of time. And, unless your home is way out of date, it’s unlikely you’ll recoup the cost of the renovation within a year, according to the latest Cost vs. Value report. I wonder if you wouldn’t have more fun planning a special trip somewhere instead.

Finally, I’m all for steady and dependable financial advisors. But asking you what you want without offering a conversation around setting goals seems a little too laid back. Try engaging your financial advisor in a conversation about short-term and long-term goals. Put down some of each on paper and spitball some numbers so you know what you’re working toward. Then, go back to your financial advisor and have a more specific discussion about each item on your wish list and talk about what it would take to get there now, in five years, or in retirement.

Dear Pay Dirt,

My partner and I are finally about to move to a big city with a much higher cost of living compared to the smaller town we’ve lived in for the past few years. We’ve talked about this move for many years and are finally in a place with our careers where we can make it happen. We’re so excited! We’ve started the initial search of looking for apartments. But there’s one thing that’s keeping me up at night: How do we prep for this major change in the cost of living? Our rent is about to at least double, that is the easy part to prepare for. But I can’t stop worrying about everything else: groceries, transportation, nights out, hobbies, etc.

Right now we don’t have strict budgets, we just generally spend about $300-ish on our credit cards bi-weekly and pay it in full when we get paid and keep track of our spending in that way. I know realistically we won’t be able to save as much as we do now, but how does one prepare for this big of a financial change? Do we need to make a strict budget even though we’ve never been spreadsheet people?

—The City of $$$

Dear City of $$$,

Landing a long-time dream feels great, doesn’t it? But like most things in life, dreaming is safe while reality bites. I don’t love the idea of setting a strict budget now without knowing what your new life will cost. It’s like saying you’ll spend $10,000 renovating your kitchen before you discover that the stove you’ve been eyeing actually costs $15,000.

Instead, do some field research. Move into your new place and unpack. Take a month or two in your new city and see where you’re spending money. Focus on your behavior, not on the dollars. For example, if you find yourself eating out every night or ordering food for delivery, you know you’ll wind up in the red pretty quickly. So limit restaurants to one or two nights a week, and make sure you have enough food in the fridge so your default isn’t DoorDash. If theater or concerts are your thing, buy tickets monthly, not weekly. Make sure you have a healthy emergency savings account and are continuing to contribute to your retirement savings.

I do want you to write down what you’re spending. Use a pad of paper, your phone, a budgeting app, or a spreadsheet. At the end of the month, take a look at your credit cards and bank accounts. Are they in balance? Are they (hopefully) growing? If not, go back to your list of expenses and analyze where you’re leaking cash. You may have some extra one-time expenses that won’t be repeated or perhaps you met friends for drinks a few too many times. You should be able to pinpoint a few places where you can reduce your spending immediately and keep your budget in balance.

If the goal is to stay in this new city permanently, then you’ll need to find a way to pare back while still enjoying the social and cultural benefits your new home offers. Writing down every cent you spend will speed up that process and get you to the joy part faster!

—Ilyce

Classic Prudie

Recently, a local center focused on LGBT issues posted my dream job. I was not able to apply due to timing. My partner applied and got the job. I know she’ll be incredible at it. But I feel very envious knowing that my dream job exists and I missed out.

Anil Gupta, Sr VP & Co-Group Head-Financial Sector Ratings, ICRA, in conversation with ET Now on RBI proposal for tighter project finance rules. Gupta says “given the market reaction, there could be a case where maybe more clarification will emerge as to whether 5% provision requirement is on the entire under-construction portfolio of the lenders or not. Our reading is that it is only for the cases where the project is under construction and has sought a DCCO extension. If that clarification comes, it should not be really negative for the sector because it is only a positive from the balance sheet perspective of the lenders that you are taking care of the risk which has gone up because of DCCO extension. It should not be negative for the credit flow.

Seeing the implication of the RBI proposal for tighter project finance rules play out on the likes of an REC and PFC, gives us a sense of the negative implication for such
Anil Gupta: Basically, the regulation which has come out is harmonising the guidelines which were there for banks and NBFCs earlier. For example, today if a project defers its DCCO and that deferment is within a period of two years, the standard asset provisioning norm for a bank is 0.4% and for an NBFC it is 0.25%. Now what this circular is saying is that even if there is a deferment of DCCO within a period of two years, because there have been some deterioration in the project fundamentals, the standard asset provisioning should increase to 5%. So, this 5% provisioning requirement, which is specified with this circular, in our view is applicable only for the projects which are taking a DCCO extension and not for all the projects which are under construction. Now, if this deferment is beyond the two-year period, let us say for an infra project, the earlier guidelines required a provisioning to increase to 5%. The new guidelines which they are proposing says that if the deferment is beyond two years, then additional 2.5% over and above the 5%, which it is currently specifying, will kick in.

So, total provisioning requirement for cases or projects which are deferring DCCO by more than two years, will be 7.5%. While this is good from the strengthening of the balance sheets for the banks, because any project, let us say, which is undergoing a DCCO extension has undergone a change in the risk. So, the increased provisioning requirement, even if the DCCO extension is up to two years, is a positive thing and that is a good thing. Another positive which we are seeing in the circular is that as per our understanding, the 5% provisioning which was there in the earlier guidelines for the projects who have taken a DCCO extension beyond two years, now the current guidelines allow that reduction in the provisioning from 5% to 2.5% and to 1% if the project commences the COD and also repays the debt to the extent of 20%. So, that way, it will be positive if the project is able to demonstrate the repayment to the extent of 20% of the debt at the time of DCCO extension, then the lenders will be able to release the provision also from 5% to 1%. So that way, we believe that it is positive for the bank’s riskiness; if there is a DCCO extension, then you increase the provision that will also force the lenders as well as the borrowers to possibly fix up a DCCO which is more realistic and you do not take a leeway in terms of a DCCO extension which is available let us say up to two years without additional provision.

So, you will fix up a more realistic DCCOs, more mindful in terms of setting out a repayment schedule which will align with your cash flows so that you do not have to avail a DCCO extension even though the project is complete but is not generating good enough revenues to service the debt. Overall, it is a good thing from the balance sheet strengthening as well as provision release once the project is operational and repays the debt.

PFC and REC are well capitalised. Do you sense that it may not lead to any damage on their profits and losses because their balance sheet is well capitalised?
Anil Gupta: I will not comment on the stock specific things but in general, it is applicable only for the projects which are availing DCCO extension. So, one, that the DCCO portfolio for the banks will not be very high or the lenders will not be very high; we are not talking about entire under construction portfolio of the lenders, we are talking only on the portfolio which would have availed DCCO extension and we should be mindful of that in the last few years if we leave aside maybe the thermal power or the roads which have been a long gestation projects and are more prone to DCCO extension, the recent expansions have largely been in the renewable energy space or let us say projects which are less prone to maybe DCCO extension.

But lenders and the borrowers have to be mindful of setting up DCCO because in the current set of rules being proposed, DCCO deferment will kick in a higher provisioning requirement.Down the line, could this regulation lead to lower loan growth?
Anil Gupta: No. First given the market reaction, there could be a case where maybe more clarification can emerge as to whether 5% provision requirement is on the entire under-construction portfolio of the lenders because our reading is that it is only for the cases where the project is under construction and has sought a DCCO extension.

So, if that clarification comes, it should not be really negative for the sector because it is only a positive from the balance sheet perspective of the lenders that you are taking care of the risk which has gone up because of DCCO extension. So, per se, if that clarification comes, it should not be any negative for the credit flow for the sector.

Finance Secretary Madhu Kumar Marasini has urged the Asian Development Bank and other multilateral development banks to prioritise financing for coordinated, focused, and tangible climate actions that complement current initiatives while maximising infrastructure projects that also contribute positively to climate objectives.

Marasini said Nepal’s focus is on aligning financing with the country’s current projects, improving infrastructure, and addressing climate change in an integrated manner.

“With political stability, Nepal stands at a pivotal juncture in its pursuit of economic growth and prosperity,” he said while addressing the 57th annual meetings of board of governors of the Asian Development Bank held in Tbilisi of Georgia. “The Government of Nepal is dedicated to ensuring good governance, social justice, and economic prosperity.”

He also said that Nepal’s efforts are directed towards achieving sustainable development goals, with equal emphasis on climate action, social inclusion, and economic development.

“To achieve our goals of economic prosperity, graduation from LDC status, and meeting the Sustainable Development Goals, we face a significant funding gap that cannot be filled solely through public finance,” he said. “We need to address this sizeable financing gap by leveraging investments from private capital.”

The finance secretary informed the international community at the event about the third investment summit recently held in Kathmandu. He said the ADB can play a significant role in mobilising technical assistance and knowledge solutions to design attractive investment arrangements in sectors where Nepal has comparative advantage, such as tourism, hydropower, and information technology.

“Considering the huge financing needs and underlying fiscal challenges, I call upon the ADB and other development partners to substantially increase concessional resources,” Secretary Marasini said. “I believe Nepal’s home grown Green Resilient Inclusive Development (GRID) approach provides a partnership platform to all development partners to join hands in delivering development impact in necessary scale and speed.”

He also called for additional efforts for deeper economic integration to establish South Asia as an emerging region. “We now need to focus on enhancing connectivity, innovation, and digitalisation by leveraging our collective strength for the benefit of the entire region,” he added.