Finance

Opinion | How infrastructure borrowing can benefit Hong Kong for decades to come

Published

2 years ago

February 24, 2024

Opinion | How infrastructure borrowing can benefit Hong Kong for decades to come

Faced with a deficit of more than HK$100 billion (US$12.8 billion) this financial year, the Hong Kong government has proposed issuing bonds to finance large-scale infrastructure projects that could include the Northern Metropolis and land reclamation on Lantau Island.

This proposal makes sense. Hong Kong’s public debt to gross domestic product ratio is extremely low by international standards; the government therefore has the space and creditworthiness to borrow more – even though interest rates today are higher. There is also a strong economic case to rely on debt financing for infrastructure projects which incur costs today but generate benefits for the next few decades.

Nonetheless, there are concerns among some that such borrowing only deepens the government’s financial hole, burdens future generations, and masks the precarity of government finances. Rather than dismiss these concerns as invalid or ignorant, the government should engage seriously with them and, in so doing, build society’s trust in its ability to manage Hong Kong’s finances well. This is also an opportunity to educate the public on why borrowing for infrastructure is not only necessary, but may even be desirable in the current macroeconomic context.

A construction site for public housing on Hong Kong’s Lantau Island in 2020. Photo: Sam Tsang

Necessary and desirable

The first principle of public financial management that the Treasury should convey is that all deficits have to be financed eventually. In this, the government has to choose between three unpalatable options: raising taxes, cutting spending, or borrowing. Raising taxes – particularly the introduction of a Goods and Services Tax (GST) – is probably something that Hong Kong must do eventually.

But mainland China’s slow recovery, higher interest rates and a strong Hong Kong dollar (the result of the Hong Kong dollar’s peg to the US dollar) have contributed to the city’s current sluggish economic growth and in such an environment, authorities can ill afford to raise taxes that would reduce disposable incomes or consumer spending.

Cutting public spending in other areas is even less realistic than raising taxes. As long as growth remains weak (as is likely the case for 2024), the demand for publicly financed or subsidised services will increase. In the longer term, an ageing population will increase social spending as a share of GDP. While there is merit in reducing some health and welfare subsidies, the fact is that public provision of these services in Hong Kong is already very lean by the standards of developed economies. This also means the savings that can be squeezed in these areas are likely to be very small compared to the expenditure demands of an ageing society. Unless Hongkongers are willing to accept a significantly lower standard of health and welfare provision, there is little chance of public spending decreasing in the coming years.

An elderly man in a park at Cheung Sha Wan. In the longer term, an ageing population will increase social spending as a share of GDP, says academic Donald Low. Photo: Jelly Tse

That leaves increased public sector borrowing as the least bad option to finance Hong Kong’s infrastructure plans.

The second idea that the Treasury should convey is that borrowing is the more efficient and equitable way of financing infrastructure. It is more efficient because the benefits of infrastructure development accrue over many years – even decades – and so it makes sense to finance that development over a similar time frame. Just as households make costly capital purchases (such as a property) by taking a 30-year loan rather than pay for it entirely with cash, it is also more efficient for the government to finance infrastructure projects (which generate a stream of benefits over many years) using debt.

Debt financing is also more equitable because future generations are the major beneficiaries of these infrastructure projects. Future generations are likely to be richer than current generations, so it is only fair that future generations pay at least part of the costs. Meanwhile, paying for these projects with cash upfront represents a large subsidy from past and current generations of Hongkongers to future, richer generations. This is highly regressive. Unless one is extremely pessimistic about Hong Kong’s future – and believes that future Hongkongers would be poorer than today’s Hongkongers – debt financing is much fairer in terms of intergenerational equity.

An electronic ticker at the Exchange Square Complex, which houses the Hong Kong stock exchange, in January. The Hong Kong government should set up rules to ensure debt sustainability and build public trust. Photo: Bloomberg

A debt sustainability framework

While increased borrowing is a better way to finance infrastructure development, this does not mean the government should be allowed to borrow as much as it wants or to spend however it likes. To build public trust, the Treasury should put in place, and articulate, a set of principles to ensure debt sustainability. Such a framework would also assuage concerns that the Hong Kong government is becoming a less prudent or capable steward of public funds.

The first principle is that debt financing should be used only for infrastructure projects in which assets that can be valued are created. This is critical because debt financing creates liabilities for future generations of Hongkongers. Good financial management requires that these liabilities be matched with corresponding, long-term assets. This rule also means the government should borrow only for capital, not operating, expenditures.

Second, alongside the budget (that shows the government’s income and expenditure of the coming financial year), the Treasury should also present a debt sustainability report which shows the government’s outstanding liabilities and the estimated value of the assets. This need not be done for all the state’s assets and liabilities, only for those that result from its borrowing. The first two principles would address concerns that issuing debt boosts the government’s revenue for the year but masks (future) debt repayment obligations.

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Third, to the extent possible, the bonds the government issues should be linked to specific projects rather than be used for unspecified capital expenditure. While public funds are fungible (movable across various uses), this practice would require the government to make a strong case for the projects that it is borrowing for, and not rely only on its overall creditworthiness, to borrow at lower interest rates. This practice would also improve financial transparency and support the market’s scrutiny of the government’s development projects. Done well, this would establish Hong Kong as an issuer of high-quality government bonds, helping the city attract more capital through its bond market.

This principle does not mean the government would be barred from issuing bonds not linked to specific projects. But if it does so, it should have to explain why. Without this principle, governments always prefer more discretion over rules that constrain their flexibility or freedom of manoeuvre.

Finally, there should be a rule that sets a cap on the total stock of debt that the Hong Kong government owes, as well as a rule that limits (as a percentage of GDP) the amount of debt the government can issue in any one financial year. This would assure the public and financial markets that the government is still a disciplined steward of public funds.

Donald Low is Senior Lecturer and Professor of Practice, and Director of Leadership and Public Policy Executive Education, at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. He was formerly Director of Fiscal Policy at the Ministry of Finance in Singapore.

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Finance

Plano-Based Finance of America Announces $2.5B Partnership with Funds Managed by Blue Owl to Expand FOA’s Home Equity Lending

Published

10 hours ago

December 12, 2025

Press Room

Plano-Based Finance of America Announces .5B Partnership with Funds Managed by Blue Owl to Expand FOA’s Home Equity Lending

Graham Fleming, CEO of Finance of America [Composite image; source: Finance of America/DI Studio]

Finance of America Companies, a leading provider of home equity-based financing solutions for a modern retirement, and funds managed by Blue Owl Capital, a leading alternative asset manager, announced an enhanced $2.5 billion strategic partnership to accelerate product innovation and distribution for the nation’s fast-growing retirement demographic.

With more than 10,000 Americans entering retirement age every day, the market for home equity access continues to expand. FOA said its collaboration with New York City-based Blue Owl positions it to capture significant share in this rapidly evolving sector.

“This is a pivotal moment not just for Finance of America, but for the senior finance market as a whole,” Graham Fleming, CEO of Finance of America, said in a statement. “By aligning with Blue Owl, we are creating a platform of scale and innovation to better serve one of the fastest-growing demographics in the United States.”

The enhanced partnership includes, per FOA:

$2.5 billion commitment for new product innovation, providing scale and liquidity to support origination growth across multiple asset classes
$50 million equity investment in Finance of America, enhancing long-term alignment between the companies and supporting FOA’s continued growth initiatives
Joint innovation and product-development initiative focused on the continuous rollout of new, differentiated financial products tailored for people looking to maximize freedom, security, and opportunity throughout their retirement

This product expansion will complement FOA’s existing industry-leading reverse mortgage product suite while strengthening the company’s commitment to innovation and its role as a leader in delivering powerful financial solutions for retirees.

FOA said it continues to empower retirees with responsible, flexible access to capital to support aging in place, healthcare expenses, and lifestyle goals.

The partnership reinforces Finance of America’s mission to provide comprehensive, retirement-focused financial solutions, with the goal of expanding beyond reverse mortgages to become the nation’s leading, full-spectrum home equity lending platform, the company said.

“We believe Finance of America is uniquely positioned to redefine how financial products are delivered to retirees,” said David Aidi, senior managing director and co-head of Asset Based Finance at Blue Owl.

“This partnership provides the capital, the strategic alignment, and the innovation engine to build category-defining products at scale,” added Ray Chan, senior managing director and co-head of Asset Based Finance at Blue Owl.

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Finance

Bérangère Michel announced as BBC Group Chief Financial Officer

Published

22 hours ago

December 12, 2025

Press Room

Bérangère Michel announced as BBC Group Chief Financial Officer

The BBC has announced that Bérangère Michel has been appointed to the role of Group Chief Financial Officer.

Bérangère brings extensive experience from her 16-year career at the John Lewis Partnership, where she held senior roles including Chief Financial Officer, Customer Service Executive Director, Operations Director and Finance & Strategy Director.

Prior to joining the John Lewis Partnership, Bérangère spent 11 years at the Royal Mail Group in a number of finance, change and strategy roles, including as Finance Director of the property division.

In an expanded role as BBC Group Chief Financial Officer, Bérangère will be responsible for the overall BBC Group financial strategy, with a remit across BBC Public Service, BBC Studios and the BBC’s commercial subsidiaries. She will play a leadership role and will sit on both the Executive Committee and, for the first time, the Board.

This position will strengthen the BBC’s financial leadership, support its transformation, and make the best use of the licence fee and commercial opportunities. Bérangère will report to the Director-General and will take up the role in early January.

Director-General Tim Davie says: “Bérangère brings a wealth of experience from her time at the John Lewis Partnership and will play a critical role in shaping our new financial strategy. I’m pleased to welcome her to the BBC, and to both the Executive Committee and Board.

“Bérangère’s appointment to this expanded role comes at an important time for the BBC, as we look ahead to Charter renewal and continue to accelerate our transformation to deliver outstanding value for our audiences.”

BBC Chair Samir Shah says: “The role of Group Chief Financial Officer will be hugely important as we build a BBC for the future, and I look forward to welcoming Bérangère to the Board.”

Bérangère Michel says: “I am delighted to be joining the BBC, an institution whose purpose and mission I have always admired. It’s a privilege to be part of shaping its exciting future at such a crucial moment and I cannot wait to get started.”

BBC Press Office

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Finance

ATI Promotes Longtime Leader to CFO and SVP of Finance

Published

1 day ago

December 11, 2025

Press Room

ATI Promotes Longtime Leader to CFO and SVP of Finance

Rob Foster, incoming CFO of ATI Inc., effective Jan. 1, 2026 [Photo: ATI}

ATI Inc., a Dallas-based manufacturer of high-performance materials for the aerospace and defense industries, announced that James Robert “Rob” Foster will be promoted to senior vice president of finance and chief financial officer, effective January 1, 2026.

Foster succeeds Don Newman, who will serve as strategic advisor to the CEO beginning January 1. As previously announced, Newman will retire on March 1, 2026, and serve in an advisory capacity in that time to allow for a smooth transition.

“Rob is a proven P&L leader with enterprise-wide experience in the areas that matter most to ATI’s continued growth,” Kim Fields, president and CEO, said in a statement. “He brings deep expertise not only in finance but also as an operational leader. Rob played a pivotal role in the successful Specialty Rolled Products transformation, consistently helping ATI to deliver strong returns and shareholder value. I look forward to partnering with him as we enter our next phase of profitable growth.”

Foster, a longtime ATI leader, brings both operational expertise and financial discipline to the CFO role, the company said. He most recently served as president of ATI’s specialty alloys & components business, where he improved efficiency, grew capacity, and advanced the company’s role as a global leader in exotic alloys. Foster previously served as vice president of Finance, Supply Chain, and Capital Projects, overseeing ATI’s global finance organization, capital deployment processes, and enterprise supply chain performance. Earlier in his career, he led Finance for both ATI operating segments and the Forged Products business.

“I’m honored to become ATI’s next CFO,” said Foster. “ATI is well-positioned with a strong balance sheet, focused strategy, and significant opportunities ahead. I look forward to working with our team to drive disciplined investment, operational excellence, and long-term value creation for our shareholders.”

Newman added, “Rob is an exceptional leader who understands ATI’s strategy, operations, and financial drivers. He has delivered transformative results across the organization. I look forward to supporting a seamless transition as we pursue this next step in our succession planning.”

Before joining ATI in 2012, Foster held senior finance roles at API Technologies Corp. and Spectrum Control Inc., where he led ERP implementations, acquisition integrations, and internal control enhancements. He began his career as an auditor at Ernst & Young (EY).

ATI produces high-performance materials and solutions for the global aerospace and defense markets, and critical applications in electronics, medical, and specialty energy.