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How Alternative Financial Centers In Asia Fizzled Out

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How Alternative Financial Centers In Asia Fizzled Out

Not so long ago, when Hong Kong was struggling with the impact of civil unrest and strict Covid-19 controls, other cities in Asia sensed an opportunity to bolster their respective financial center credentials. Not Singapore, which is already an established Asian financial center – and has grown in recent years – but cites such as Tokyo and Taipei.

While some lofty announcements were made, and ambitious plans unveiled, the result has been underwhelming. No other cities in Asia have been able to seriously position themselves as international financial centers, or even regional ones.

This holds true for all sectors of financial services, including cryptocurrency, where once again it is a two-city contest in Asia between Hong Kong and Singapore.

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The Curious Case Of Tokyo

Tokyo has been the most ambitious of any Asian city in promoting itself as a financial center. In theory, the idea makes sense. Tokyo is undoubtedly the paramount financial center of Japan, the world’s No. 3 economy, while its stock market has performed extraordinarily well in the past few years. Foreign-direct investment in Japan is at a 15-year high.

Tokyo has enacted certain policies to boost its prospects as a financial center. These include simplified registration procedures for fund managers focusing on overseas investors, exemption in inheritance tax on overseas assets of foreigners under certain conditions, and an expansion of the scope of companies that can claim performance-based compensation paid to executives as a deductible expense.

However, the reality is that Tokyo is still subject to the Japanese tax system, which is high in comparison to Hong Kong and Singapore. Income taxes in Japan can reach a maximum 55%, compared to 16% in Hong Kong and 22% in Singapore.

”For Tokyo to become a hub of asset management business, I do strongly believe that we do need to change tax treatment for individual people,” Monex founder Oki Matsumoto told Bloomberg TV in a recent interview.

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Another issue is that English is not widely spoken in Japan, despite increasing government efforts to promote use of the language. Most international financial professionals want to work and live in an environment where English can be used regularly.

Taipei: Imagining Itself As A Financial Center

During the early days of the coronavirus pandemic, the financial policy community in Taiwan was deliberating over the potential for Taipei to become a financial center in Asia. While the Taiwanese government had mooted this idea in the past, this time it seemed like a real opportunity, given the challenges Hong Kong was facing as well as all the positive press Taiwan was getting for its then-stellar containment of Covid-19.

We were present for several of these brainstorming sessions with financial professionals and researchers at think tanks. It became evident quickly that while the Taiwanese government very much liked the idea of Taipei gaining prominence for something besides being a technology hub, it was not prepared to make changes to laws and regulations that would increase the city’s competitiveness as a financial center. High income tax relative to Hong Kong and Singapore was one issue (a maximum of 45%), but arguably more important were the restrictions on certain financial products and onerous requirements for setting up a company.

One idea that emerged from these discussions was trying to establish a financial research hub in Taipei as some hedge funds at the time were reducing headcount in Hong Kong and considering where to send their research teams. From a regulatory standpoint, financial research is not subject to the same tight controls as other aspects of the industry. Taipei is also much less expensive than Hong Kong in almost every respect.

Yet ultimately, the Taiwanese government decided to shelve its financial center idea and redouble its efforts in familiar territory: technology hardware, and especially semiconductors. Perhaps it was for the best: On May 13, the Taiwan Stock Exchange’s main board hit a new high of more than US$2 trillion, the gains driven by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co.’s (TSMC) strong sales performance.

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And Then There Were Two

The growth of the digital assets sector in Asia primarily in Hong Kong and Singapore illustrates how these two cities remain the region’s paramount financial hubs. Though some competition exists between the two cities, thus far, their efforts are mostly complementary. Singapore is more focused on cultivating a market for institutional investors, while Hong Kong would like to also serve retail investors (though it is discovering how difficult that will be).

To be sure, Japan has an abiding interest in digital assets, and continues to enact legislation broadly supportive of the sector. It has been a leader in adopting regulations for stablecoins and in February, its cabinet approved a bill that adds crypto to the list of assets Japanese investment funds and venture capital firms can acquire. However, the same tax issues are relevant for the cryptocurrency industry as other financial services segments.

In Hong Kong’s case, it will be imperative to follow developments affecting its legal system as its integrity is foundational for a thriving financial services sector. Three foreign judges have announced their departure from Hong Kong’s top court this month, which follows the passage of a new national security law in March.

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Car owned by Finance Ministry involved in suspected hit-and-run death

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Car owned by Finance Ministry involved in suspected hit-and-run death

A car owned by the Finance Ministry fatally hit a pedestrian on a road near the Diet building in Tokyo on Thursday before overturning while driving away from the site, police said.

The police arrested Nobuhide Nohata, 55, who drove the car, at the site, also near the prime minister’s office. He works for a company commissioned by the ministry, according to the police.

The 67-year-old pedestrian was confirmed dead after being taken to a hospital, said the police. He was struck by the car at around 5:40 p.m. while walking on a pedestrian crossing.

The vehicle continued to drive for several hundred meters before colliding with a car waiting at an intersection, they said. It then made a right turn and overturned, with part of its body resting on a sidewalk.

Photo taken on June 20, 2024, shows an overturned car near the parliament building in Tokyo. (Kyodo)

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“When I tried to turn right at the intersection, I was rear-ended,” a man who was driving the car that was hit said. “When I got out, I saw the vehicle overturned. I was left upset by what happened in a split second.”

 

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Beware finance bros: AI is coming for banking before any other kinds of jobs, Citigroup warns

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Beware finance bros: AI is coming for banking before any other kinds of jobs, Citigroup warns

Bad news for the one percent: According to a new exhaustive report from Citigroup, finance is on track to bear the brunt of AI-related displacement.

AI will “profoundly change money,” the 124-page report declares in its introductory paragraph. Sure, it creates “new opportunities for growth and innovation, often improving our overall quality of life,” Citigroup says. But it also “destroys” and creates plenty of “losers.” 

Wall Street bankers might just be chief among them. Nearly seven in 10 banking jobs (67%) have “higher potential” to be changed or even fully outsourced by AI, Citigroup wrote, drawing on data from Accenture and the World Economic Forum. That’s the highest share of any job they studied. Industries following just behind are insurance, software, and capital markets. (Perhaps to be expected, utilities and natural resources round out the bottom of the list.)

“Traditional AI adoption in financial services [is] widespread, shallow, and inconsequential,” Shameek Kundu, chief strategy officer and head of financial services at AI observability platform TruEra, wrote in the report.

The good news, however, is that AI implementation more broadly stands to hugely benefit banks and financial institutions. It may not even hurt total headcount, once requisite AI-related management hires are accounted for. 

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After all, AI is hardly sophisticated enough at this stage to operate independently. A “bot-powered world,” as Citigroup puts it, would still struggle with compliance, data security, and basic ethics, as “AI models are known to hallucinate and create information that does not exist.” Hardly a minor business risk. 

Indeed, AI could add $170 billion to the profit pool for the banking sector globally by 2028. And the banks know it, even if they’re hesitant to deploy the technology. Almost all (93%) of financial institution respondents to a recent Citi client survey said AI adoption would improve their profitability in the next five years—mainly because of its ability to automate rote tasks human workers are currently saddled with, like data entry and dreaded Excel files. 

Despite the measurable upside—which many other industries have long since embraced—Citigroup predicts financial services will be dragging its feet, slow on the AI uptake compared with other sectors. Citigroup chalks that up to the sector’s “highly regulated nature” and lack of globally agreed-upon rules. “Bankers may think that they lead the way,” Citigroup writes, “but many users are adopting technology faster than banks or big business,” a phenomenon it characterizes as “the crowds running ahead of the crown.”

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ESG round-up: Australia publishes sustainable finance roadmap

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ESG round-up: Australia publishes sustainable finance roadmap

The Australian government has published a sustainable finance roadmap, setting out timelines for a series of key policy pillars and regulatory moves. Among the topics covered are mandatory climate-related financial disclosures, taxonomy implementation and developing sustainable product labels.

Kristy Graham, CEO of the Australian Sustainable Finance Institute, said the roadmap provided “welcome clarity” and praised the mentions of nature and climate adaptation in the roadmap.

Aegon UK is set to switch 74 percent of the £12 billion ($15 billion; €14 billion) largest default fund of its workplace pension offering into decarbonising mandates. The allocations, which will be managed by BlackRock, cover passive equity and debt investments, with the switch set to be made by the end of this year. The funds have an initial reduction in emissions intensity against their benchmark followed by 7 percent year-on-year reductions, and are set to also have a 20 percent improvement in taxonomy-aligned green revenues.

The fund will also begin investing in private assets, with allocations to private debt and alternative fixed income to be managed Aegon’s asset management wing. Infrastructure, private equity and forestry assets will be managed by JPMorgan Asset Management. Lorna Blyth, head of investment propositions at Aegon, said the move would “significantly support” the firm’s desire to put £500 million into climate solutions by 2026.

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Dutch pension funds have cut their investments in fossil fuel producers by just over two-thirds since the Paris Agreement, according to new analysis by a coalition of Dutch NGOs. The group looked at seven of the largest funds, which together manage around 70 percent of Dutch pension assets, and found that holdings in fossil companies had fallen from €15.5 billion in 2017 to €5.0 billion in 2023. PME, the pension scheme for the mechanical and electrical engineering sector, and civil service pension scheme ABP have seen the largest contraction in holdings, ditching 92 percent and 81 percent respectively.

The UK’s Financial Conduct Authority has one active enforcement case against a company on climate grounds, according to a freedom of information request filed by legal group ClientEarth. Documents shared with lawmakers this year show that the issues in the case “had been a matter of supervisory focus with the firm for more than two years” before the investigation was opened.

Commerzbank has described proposals put forward by the EU’s financial regulators to reform SFDR as “promising” but said there were some aspects that could be developed further. A note from the bank’s head of ESG research, Stephan Kippe, said the product category proposals should address the main shortcomings of the current framework. He added that there should be a separate impact category, and designing a framework for transition criteria “could prove challenging”.

Planet Tracker has accused the plastic industry of engaging in greenwashing due to its promotion of recycling as the “silver bullet” to the plastic pollution crisis, in a new report. “The plastic industry’s tactics have successfully shifted focus away from upstream measures, such as limiting production and adopting alternative materials,” said John Willis, director of research at Planet Tracker. “By promoting the illusion of recyclability, the industry has effectively passed the financial burden of waste treatment onto local municipalities and waste-pickers, often the financially weakest link in the plastic supply chain.” In May, Responsible Investor spoke to investors who are ramping up engagement with companies on the issue.

Crédit Agricole’s wealth management arm Indosuez has launched an Article 9 green bond fund. The fund, a 2028 fixed maturity fund, invests in around 60 ICMA-aligned green bonds across a broad sector and geographical range.

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The Society of Pension Professionals has published a practical guide for UK trustees to engage with their asset managers on ESG. The guide aims to provide an outline of various disclosure requirements, ESG obligations for managers, and information that trustees need from them. Sophia Singleton, the society’s president, said there was “still some uncertainty” around the topic and that the guide aimed to raise awareness and understanding.

The number of companies disclosing a transition plan that they regard as 1.5C-aligned has increased 44 percent since 2022, according to CDP, the environmental data disclosure nonprofit. One-quarter of companies (5,906) that disclosure to CDP report having climate transition plans in place last year. But just 1 percent of firms report against all 21 climate transition plan indicators in CDP’s questionnaire. 

The Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) has published revised guidance on how central banks should disclose climate-related information. The updates to the guidance, first issued in 2021, introduce two tiers for disclosure: “baseline”, for foundational information that supervisors should disclose; and “building blocks”, for more “advanced pieces of information that central banks ‘are encouraged to’ disclose”. Building block KPIs tabled by the NGFS include forward-looking metrics for physical and transition risks, and their external communications strategy for raising awareness on climate risks.

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