Finance
G20 Finance Ministers accelerate efforts on climate but need to go further and faster
The Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors of the G20 held their final meeting of the year on October 23–24, 2024, during the Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank Group. Their final meeting formed part of the run-up to COP29 in Baku – where governments will negotiate a New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on climate finance – and the G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro.
A suite of documents issued after the meeting included several notable developments, summarised below. This builds on E3G’s previous blog outlining multilateral development bank (MDB) outcomes from last week’s Annual Meetings. [The Finance Ministers’ Communiqué and its Annex are here, while the Ministerial Statement and Outcome Document from the Task Force for the Global Mobilization Against Climate Change (TF CLIMA), a collaboration between Finance and Climate Ministers, are here.]
International financial architecture (IFA) reform
The G20 Finance Ministers made substantial progress on reforming international financial architecture across the board, on topics ranging from multilateral development banks (MDBs) to the IMF to financial regulation. The Communiqué covers a wide range of climate-related topics, including recognising the macroeconomic and distributional challenges of the climate transition and proposing various forward actions.
MDB resources and strategies
The G20 Finance Ministers committed to reviewing MDB resources and strategies, and to measuring progress against a new MDBs Roadmap. The Communiqué tasks the IFA working group with establishing a monitoring and reporting process to ensure that progress is made.
The G20 Ministers called for deeper reforms to the Capital Adequacy Framework (CAF) and opened the door in principle to new capitalisation for MDBs. However, they stopped short of making concrete commitments for new financing and did not adopt the aim of tripling MDB lending by 2030, a recommendation previously made by the G20 Independent Expert Group. Taking that further step, together with improving lending terms, would significantly enhance trust in the G20 among developing countries.
Fiscal space and transition financing
Creating additional fiscal space to finance the transition to a low-carbon economy in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDEs) requires ongoing commitment from leaders with support from Finance Ministers. The Finance Ministers’ Communiqué includes actions to address debt vulnerabilities, which may make it difficult for countries to take on additional lending for investment in the climate transition and other development goals. Streamlining innovative debt solutions, such as debt-for-climate swaps or climate-resilient debt clauses, may be an option to help free up fiscal space for EMDEs.
The Communiqué also discussed fostering international tax cooperation, including dialogue on taxing ultra-high-net-worth individuals.
We can expect to see more on both themes in 2025, as early signals suggest that South Africa will prioritise them during its upcoming G20 Presidency.
Financial frameworks and transition planning
The overall message from TF CLIMA was that a financial framework which combines global financial stability with increased capital flows from developed to developing countries is feasible.
Building on this overall approach, the TF CLIMA Outcome Document and accompanying Ministerial Statement, together with the report of the Sustainable Finance Working Group, provide overarching principles for:
- Transition planning at the national level.
- Design of country platforms to co-ordinate investment in national transition plans.
- Private sector transition planning, building on the work of standards and frameworks created by ISSB, GFANZ, and TPT.
Looking ahead
The G20 Finance Ministers’ final publications for 2024, including the TF CLIMA outputs, demonstrate that climate change is increasingly viewed as a macroeconomic issue. It is also clear that Finance Ministers recognise this and are working to implement the tools at their disposal.
However, with negotiations on a New Collective Quantified Goal on finance in Baku planned in November alongside the G20 Leaders meeting in Rio, a critical question remains: will this momentum be rapid enough to enable agreement on a new finance goal in Baku this year and to provide a springboard for key reform steps to be agreed by Leaders as they tee up next year’s agenda? Ensuring that the G20’s answer is “yes” will be a key task for South Africa and Brazil as they work together during their upcoming G20 and COP30 Presidencies to take this agenda further and faster in 2025.
Finance
How Natura &Co Is Transforming Finance with Generative AI on SAP S/4HANA
For a company navigating one of the most consequential transformations in its history, financial clarity is not optional—it is essential. Natura &Co, the Brazilian personal care and cosmetics group behind iconic brands such as Natura and Avon, has long been committed to combining purpose-driven business with commercial performance. After a period of strategic portfolio reshaping, including the divestiture of its Aesop and The Body Shop holdings, the company is now sharpening its focus on profitability and operational excellence across Latin America and global markets.
At the center of that effort sits a deceptively complex challenge: understanding, in real time, which revenue and cost factors are driving or eroding gross margin across a highly diversified business. For years, answering that question meant manual reporting, delayed insights, and finance teams spending valuable time on data gathering rather than analysis.
That’s now changing, thanks to a co-innovation initiative developed together with SAP and Numen, a global SAP partner specializing in digital transformation and enterprise software implementation.
From manual reporting to proactive decision intelligence
The project’s goal was to replace a labor-intensive gross margin analysis process with a generative AI application embedded directly into Natura &Co’s financial workflows. Built on SAP Business AI Platform, SAP’s unified foundation integrating business technology, data, and AI capabilities, the application connects directly to data in SAP S/4HANA to provide finance teams with automated insights and narrative recommendations in real time, without the need for manual data pulls or offline reporting.
The application enables users to explore revenue, cost, and margin drivers interactively, identifying at a glance which elements are protecting or eroding margin performance across markets and product lines. Crucially, human oversight remains central to the design: the AI application generates insights, while finance professionals retain full control over interpretation and decisions.
“The implementation of gross margin analysis using AI in SAP S/4HANA marked an inflection point in the analytical capability of our finance area,” said Rogério Dias Garcia, tech manager, ERP Latam, Natura &Co. “We overcame delays and raised the standard of insights by integrating margin analysis from SAP S/4HANA with a large language model connected via the SAP AI Core layer. This architecture allowed us to provide, in an agile, secure, and completely anonymous manner, a stratified and precise view of gross margin offenders and protectors—discriminating exactly which revenue or cost elements were driving market performance.”
A collaborative architecture for scalable AI adoption
Natura &Co’s application derived from a prototype SAP partner Numen created in early 2024 at SAP’s global Hack2Build on business AI, leveraging the generative AI capabilities of SAP Business AI Platform. The solution was designed and developed through close collaboration between Natura &Co, Numen, and SAP. From the outset, the approach was to align AI adoption with concrete business priorities, ensuring the application would be scalable and production-ready rather than a standalone prototype.
Numen brought deep SAP implementation expertise to the project, combining knowledge of SAP S/4HANA architecture with hands-on experience in building solutions on SAP Business AI Platform. The technology stack—SAP S/4HANA, SAP AI Core, SAP Fiori, and SAP Business Technology Platform—provided the secure, integrated foundation needed to connect financial data with generative AI capabilities in an enterprise context.
“SAP enabled the transformation by providing the technological foundation and expert support,” said Carlos Aravechia, head of Data Design & Intelligence at Numen.
The success of the project has validated a broader conviction at Natura &Co: that generative AI, embedded directly in ERP workflows, can fundamentally reposition finance from a transactional function to a strategic business partner.
A blueprint for other businesses
The Natura &Co project demonstrates a pattern that other organizations can replicate, particularly those running SAP S/4HANA. The combination of structured ERP data with the contextual reasoning capabilities of large language models creates a foundation for decision intelligence that goes well beyond traditional business intelligence tools.
The project was built within a six-month co-innovation sprint and went live in August 2025. It is currently in use across Natura &Co’s Equador operations.
Looking ahead, Natura &Co is already planning the next phase: integrating Joule Agents to further automate the extraction of standard analytical content and deepen the AI-driven optimization of financial processes.
“The success of this initiative validates the transformative potential of embedded AI within our ERP,” Dias Garcia noted. “We are now ready to move forward—deepening these insights and integrating the capability of Joule Agents to maximize the extraction of standard content and further optimize our business decisions.”
For SAP customers evaluating how to move from AI experimentation to AI in production, the Natura &Co project offers a concrete, replicable model: start with a high-value, well-defined business process, embed AI directly into existing workflows, and build in human oversight from the start.
Finance
Low-income Chinese girl aces gaokao, inspires live-streamers offering help
A girl from a disadvantaged rural family in central China topped this year’s gaokao, attracting numerous live-streamers eager to finance her education, which she declined.
The home of 18-year-old secondary school graduate Han Yaping in a Henan province village was recently bustling with live-streamers.
This attention came after Han achieved an impressive score of 699 out of 750 in the gaokao, China’s national college entrance exam.
She has received offers from China’s two leading universities, Tsinghua University and Peking University.
Han’s accomplishment is particularly remarkable given her family’s impoverished circumstances.
Her mother suffers from ankylosing spondylitis, an inflammatory arthritis affecting the spine, preventing her from working. Her father, who earns a living through farming and odd jobs, serves as the family’s sole provider. Han also has a younger sister.
Finance
UK financial regulator publishes landmark AI review
The UK’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) published a landmark review on Monday that proposes recommendations to regulate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the financial decisions made by consumers.
The review, titled the Mills Review, anticipates that both consumers and firms will start delegating “more financial decision-making to AI systems,” including for agreements, initiating transactions, and executing decisions “within agreed parameters.” One of the key findings of the review outlined that while AI can help bridge advice gaps and “support growth,” there remain risks “associated with fraud, cyber security, and consumer harm.” Conducting the review, Sheldon Mills highlighted that “AI can also amplify risks: bias, discrimination, exclusion, opaque decision-making (particularly when multiple AI models interact), misleading or hallucinatory advice and erosion of consumer trust.”
The review stated that presently, one in five adults in the UK are “already open to AI making decisions for them,” particularly when decisions feel “complex or high stakes.” It found that roughly 26 percent of the population “trust general-purpose tools such as ChatGPT, Claude or Gemini for financial advice” with little awareness that such platforms provide no “formal routes to recourse” or protections.
Overall, the Mills Review identified four areas that it anticipates will be impacted by AI in the financial sector: “the transformation of firms,” “new consumer journeys,” “a reshaped competition landscape,” and “amplified financial crime and cyber risk.” The FCA projected the shift in how consumers and firms consult AI to take place by 2030.
The Mills Review put forth seven “priority” recommendations to be considered by the FCA Board. It recommended that any transitions to autonomous AI models be monitored and that regulatory frameworks and perimeters be adapted and secured. The review called for the strengthening of “system-wide coordination and oversight,” the scaling up of the FCA’s AI Lab to enable it to support AI models and innovation for agentic finance, and an “AI-enabled agentic supervisory model” to be built and adopted. Finally, it recommended that a trusted “public-interest AI-enabled financial capability service” be developed.
The FCA announced, in the press release, that it will launch an AI “good and poor practice publication” in late 2026.
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