- Some governments seek alternative ways to raise cash
- Emerging markets debt in focus at this week’s IMF World Bank meetings
- Lack of transparency will raise costs for borrowers, say investors
Finance
Frontier debt risks ‘going dark’ amid high costs and creative deals
LONDON/WASHINGTON, Oct 14 (Reuters) – The need for emerging economies to be more transparent about their debt is one issue uniting wealthy countries and multilateral lenders in a fractious, divided world where the international order and development finance face pressure.
The World Bank in June launched a call for “radical” debt transparency and the United States outlined transparency as a key goal for international financial institutions under President Donald Trump’s leadership.
Sign up here.
But in the past several years, the riskiest of those nations – so-called frontier market countries – have been taking on more private, complex and “creative” debt arrangements that inadvertently undercut the visibility of the terms of their debt.
“Everybody loves transparency…(but) whatever the confidentiality clauses say, we are seeing a lot less of the documentation of commercial bank and other private lending,” said Anna Gelpern, a law professor at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. who works on debt issues.
Collateralised lending to countries in strife that had dwindling options of raising funds causes particular issues, she added.
“That means that everything is going dark in terms of debt transparency.”
LIMITED ACCESS FOR BORROWERS
Countries from Panama and Colombia to Angola and Cameroon have sought to weather double-digit bond yields by seeking less conventional borrowing – from private placements to resource-backed loans or complex debt swaps requiring collateral.
While this is not on its own untoward, it means the terms of the debt – the cost, the collateral and even sometimes the tenure or amount – are not public.
This contrasts with international bond issuance where terms of the borrowing are published.
Some investors say the borrowing is a smart, sophisticated way to wait out times when bond markets might not be so easily accessible. But others warn this makes the total debt pile less transparent.
“With regards to collateralized borrowing, these kinds of hidden instruments, institutions like the IMF should be very worried about it, because they really then make the concept of preferred creditor very complicated,” said Reza Baqir, head of sovereign advisory at Alvarez & Marsal.
NET NEGATIVE, COST SAVING
The IMF estimated in a paper earlier this year that private lending to low-income countries outside international bonds as a percentage of their public and publicly guaranteed debt had risen to 10% by end-2023 from 6% at end-2010. Overall private lending – including international bond issuance – rose to 19% from 6%.
Victor Mourad of Citi said international bond issuance from Sub-Saharan African markets had been net negative – meaning governments raised less than they paid back – for the past three years.
Governments have sought cheaper funding sources – such as loans backed by development finance institutions such as the World Bank – and also more “creativity” via private placements and borrowing facilities in different currencies, though the alternatives they seek vary.
Nigeria has in the past secured oil-backed loans using crude oil cargoes as collateral. Angola opted for a $1 billion “total return swap” with JPMorgan, with privately placed bonds as collateral.
Aaron Grehan, co-head of emerging market debt with Aviva Investors, said Colombia and Panama had also avoided public debt markets, the former with dollar-bond buybacks and a total return swap, the latter with private placements.
Both had done well in these deals, he said, but will need to return to capital markets before too long due to the sheer amount they need. “You kick the can down the road,” he said.
When they return to public markets, investors will need to unpick their debt to try to determine what governments can sustainably borrow and repay.
“We have to do the homework and figure out if what is happening makes sense,” said Elina Theodorakopoulou, managing director and portfolio manager with Manulife Investment Management.
“If there is not enough transparency, that will be translated into the yield that you have to face if you were to access the market.”
Countries themselves say the deals have saved them money. Angola is still deciding on whether to extend its total return swap with JPMorgan, despite getting stung with a temporary $200 million margin call when oil prices slid.
“The cost of those financings is lower than the Eurobond,” said Dorivaldo Teixeira, general director of the public debt management unit at Angola’s finance ministry, while acknowledging the risks involved.
PUBLIC BORROWING, BUT HARDER TO ASSESS
At this week’s IMF and World Bank annual meetings in Washington, one of the issues the Global Sovereign Debt Roundtable will seek to tackle is the trouble of restructuring private debt.
That has snared Zambia and Ghana in default for longer than expected.
Sources said governments and advisors underestimated how hard it would be to unpick, determining who holds it, on what terms and whether there was collateral which can put one borrower ahead in the queue. This complicates debt reworks, in which all borrowers, ostensibly, must get equal treatment.
“It raises risks,” said Thys Louw, a portfolio manager with Ninety One. “Anything that’s marginally opaque adds complexity.”
Reporting by Libby George and Karin Strohecker, Additional reporting by Nell Mackenzie; Editing by Andrea Ricci
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
Continue Reading
Finance
4 Smart Ways to Use Your Tax Return for Financial Planning
(Image credit: Getty Images)
In my work helping people think through retirement planning decisions, I often see people focus heavily on preparing their tax return but spend very little time reviewing it afterward.
By the time tax season ends, most people treat the document like a receipt: They file it, save a copy somewhere and move on.
But your tax return can actually be one of the most useful financial planning reviews you receive each year.
Article continues below
From just $107.88 $24.99 for Kiplinger Personal Finance
Become a smarter, better informed investor. Subscribe from just $107.88 $24.99, plus get up to 4 Special Issues
CLICK FOR FREE ISSUE
Sign up for Kiplinger’s Free Newsletters
Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice on investing, taxes, retirement, personal finance and more – straight to your e-mail.
Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice – straight to your e-mail.
Inside that document is a snapshot of how your financial decisions played out. Taking a closer look can reveal planning opportunities that may affect future tax bills, retirement strategies and other long-term financial decisions.
Whether you’ve already filed your return or are preparing it now, here are four areas worth reviewing.
1. Did you take the standard deduction or itemize?
One of the first things your tax return will reveal is whether you claimed the standard deduction or itemized deductions.
For the 2025 tax year (returns filed during the 2026 tax season), the standard deduction is:
- Single/married filing separately filers: $15,750
- Married filing jointly: $31,500
- Head of household: $23,625
Taxpayers age 65 and older can also claim an additional deduction:
- Single/Head of household: $2,000
- Married filing jointly/separately: $1,600 per eligible spouse
Looking ahead, the 2026 standard deduction increases slightly for inflation:
- Single/Married filing separately: $16,100Married filing jointly: $32,200
- Head of household: $24,150
The additional age-65 deduction for 2026 also rises to $2,050 for single or head of household filers and $1,650 per eligible spouse for married couples filing jointly or separately.
In 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) also introduced a temporary additional deduction of up to $6,000 per eligible taxpayer age 65 or older, available through 2028. This deduction begins phasing out once modified adjusted gross income exceeds $75,000 for single filers or $150,000 for married couples filing jointly.
Another important change involves the state and local tax deduction (SALT). Taxpayers who itemize can now deduct up to $40,000 in state and local taxes under current law, although the benefit phases down at higher income levels.
What to review on your return: Look at whether your return used the standard deduction or itemized deductions. If you itemized, review Schedule A to see which categories contributed most to the deduction, such as:
- State and local taxes
- Mortgage interest
- Charitable contributions
- Medical expenses exceeding 7.5% of adjusted gross income
Why this matters: For several years, many households defaulted to the standard deduction because it was significantly larger than their itemized deductions. But with recent changes to the SALT deduction and the new senior deduction, itemizing may once again be relevant for some taxpayers.
Compare your itemized deductions with the standard deduction. If the numbers were relatively close, you may have opportunities to plan ahead.
For example, some taxpayers choose to bunch charitable contributions into a single year, coordinate the timing of property tax payments or track deductible medical expenses more closely so their deductions exceed the standard deduction threshold.
Your tax return shows which deduction strategy worked best this year and whether modest adjustments could change the outcome in future years.
2. Were any Roth conversions reported correctly?
If you converted funds from a traditional IRA or another pre-tax retirement account into a Roth account during the year, your tax return provides an opportunity to review how that decision affected your taxes.
A Roth conversion moves money from a pre-tax account into a Roth account, where future qualified withdrawals are generally tax free. The amount converted becomes ordinary taxable income in the year of the conversion.
What to review on your return: Start by confirming that the conversion was reported correctly.
You should typically see:
- Form 1099-R issued by the account custodian
- Form 8606, which tracks Roth conversions and after-tax IRA basis
- The converted amount included as income on Form 1040
Why this matters: Because Roth conversions are treated as ordinary income, they can affect several parts of your tax picture.
A larger conversion could:
- Push you into a higher marginal tax bracket
- Increase the portion of Social Security benefits that are taxable
- Affect eligibility for Affordable Care Act health insurance subsidies
- Increase future Medicare premiums through IRMAA (Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount)
Understanding how the conversion impacted your tax return helps determine whether the strategy worked as expected. Many retirees perform Roth conversions during lower-income years, often in the period between retirement and the start of Social Security or required minimum distributions.
Reviewing how this year’s conversion showed up on your taxes can help you decide whether future conversions should be smaller, larger or spread across multiple years.
Note: Medicare IRMAA premiums are based on income from two years earlier. A large Roth conversion today could increase Medicare premiums later if income exceeds certain thresholds.
3. Did a retirement account rollover accidentally create taxes?
Another area worth reviewing involves retirement account rollovers.
Rollovers commonly occur when you change jobs, consolidate retirement accounts or retire. For example, you may have rolled over a 401(k) from a former employer into an IRA.
When handled properly as a direct rollover or trustee-to-trustee transfer, these rollovers generally should not create a taxable event. However, they will still appear on your tax return.
What to review on your return: Typically you will see:
- The total distribution amount reported on Form 1040
- The taxable amount listed as zero
- The word “ROLLOVER” next to the entry
If the taxable amount is greater than zero, it may indicate that the rollover was not completed correctly.
Why this matters: Rollovers can accidentally create taxable income if they are handled incorrectly.
This can occur when a rollover is done indirectly instead of directly. With an indirect rollover:
- The funds are first distributed to you
- You must redeposit them into another retirement account within 60 days
And if the distribution came from an employer retirement plan, the plan must generally withhold 20% for federal taxes when funds are paid directly to you, unless the distribution is sent directly to the receiving retirement account or the check is made payable to the receiving plan.
If the full distribution is not redeposited within the required timeframe, part of the distribution may become taxable.
Reviewing your tax return helps confirm that retirement account transfers were handled correctly and did not accidentally trigger taxable income.
Pro tip: Whenever possible, request a direct rollover or trustee-to-trustee transfer. This avoids mandatory withholding and eliminates the risk of missing the 60-day redeposit deadline.
4. Did you receive a tax refund or owe taxes at filing?
Your tax return also reveals how closely your tax withholding matched your actual tax liability.
As income sources change, especially during the transition to retirement, withholding may no longer align with the taxes you ultimately owe.
What to review on your return: Start by reviewing two outcomes:
- Did you receive a large tax refund?
- Did you owe more tax than expected when filing?
A large tax refund may indicate that too much tax was withheld during the year. While refunds can feel like a bonus, they often represent money that could have been available to save or invest throughout the year.
Meanwhile, owing a significant balance at filing time may indicate that withholding did not account for all sources of income.
Why this matters: The federal withholding system was primarily designed for W-2 wage income. But as people approach retirement, income often shifts toward sources such as:
- Portfolio withdrawals
- Pension income
- Roth conversions
- Social Security benefits
- Consulting or part-time income
These sources may not automatically withhold enough tax.
If your withholding did not match your tax liability, adjustments may help prevent surprises next year.
Possible adjustments include:
- Updating Form W-4 with your employer
- Submitting Form W-4P for pension, annuity or periodic IRA withdrawals
- Requesting withholding from Social Security using Form W-4V
- Making quarterly estimated tax payments
Your tax return acts as a feedback loop that helps refine your withholding strategy for the year ahead.
Keep in mind: The IRS generally avoids underpayment penalties if you paid at least 90% of your current-year tax liability or 100% of the previous year’s tax. For higher-income taxpayers the threshold increases to 110% of the prior year’s tax.
What to do after reviewing your return
Once you have reviewed these areas, consider writing down one or two adjustments that could improve next year’s tax outcome.
That might include planning charitable contributions differently, spacing Roth conversions across multiple years, adjusting withholding or ensuring future retirement account transfers are handled as direct rollovers.
None of these decisions need to be complicated on their own. But over time, small adjustments can make a meaningful difference in how much you pay in taxes and how efficiently your retirement income is structured.
Your tax return already contains the information. Taking time to review it with a planning mindset can help you use that information more effectively in the years ahead.
Related Content
This article was written by and presents the views of our contributing adviser, not the Kiplinger editorial staff. You can check adviser records with the SEC or with FINRA.
Finance
The CFO who turned Adobe’s finance department into an AI lab | Fortune
Finance chief Dan Durn is turning Adobe’s finance organization into an early proving ground for agentic AI—using autonomous software agents to forecast results, scan contracts, and even answer hundreds of thousands of emails.
The push mirrors Adobe’s broader strategy around agentic AI. For customers, the company lets them choose models, combine them with their own data and Adobe’s, and point agents at specific business outcomes.
Internally, Durn, who is also in charge of technology, security and operations, has taken a similar approach to finance: pairing a rules-based, data-heavy function with AI, within a structure where finance, IT, and security report to one leader so pilots can move to production quickly. “Accuracy is non-negotiable,” he adds; that’s why Adobe is investing in structured data and governance so it can move fast without sacrificing precision, he says.
The rise of AI is rapidly reshaping corporate leadership, accelerating turnover and elevating executives who can deliver fast, tangible results. Even long-tenured leaders face increasing pressure from investors to move aggressively on AI. Recent leadership changes, including the announced retirement of Adobe CEO Shantanu Narayen, highlight how little patience markets now have for perceived hesitation. At the same time, Adobe reported that annualized revenue from its AI-first products more than tripled year over year in its first quarter of fiscal 2026, which ended Feb. 27. Across Fortune 500 companies, this dynamic is creating a new internal proving ground where executives are judged by how effectively, and how quickly, they deploy AI to drive growth, efficiency, and innovation.
Using AI in finance
Inside finance, Durn groups AI use into three buckets: forecasting, anomaly detection, and general productivity.
For forecasting, AI uncovers patterns and signals in data that would be difficult for humans to detect quickly, he explains. Anomaly-detection agents flag performance that’s unexpectedly strong or weak—“things that can get lost in the sea of data”—so finance can intervene faster, he says.
However, Durn says the best examples now sit in productivity, citing three use cases:
1. Extracting information from PDFs
One of the most developed use cases involves “containers” of information—collections of PDFs such as investor transcripts, quarterly reports, and analyst research. Finance teams use Adobe’s PDF Spaces to load documents into a shared digital workspace and use an agentic AI assistant to surface themes, insights, and messaging cues in minutes rather than hours.
A recent Forrester TEI study found Acrobat’s agentic AI Assistant increases efficiencies in document summarization and analysis by 45%. Durn says that matters because “the world’s information lives in PDF,” and AI that turns static content into insights that can be used.
2. Cutting contract review time in half
Adobe is also using agentic AI to overhaul contract reviews across finance and procurement functions including revenue assurance, contract operations, product fulfillment, and vendor management. Instead of finance professionals combing through every clause, an AI assistant scans thousands of contracts, highlights provisions relevant to each function, and flags non-standard terms.
The system has cut review time roughly in half, speeding individual reviews and allowing teams to query the entire contract repository—for example, identifying which contracts include auto-cancellation features or foreign-exchange adjustment windows, Durn says. Adobe built its first prototype by April 2024 and began onboarding teams in January 2025.
3. Automating “common” inboxes
A third area is the “common inboxes” that handle high-volume internal and external email—shared addresses for sales, treasury, finance, and supplier questions. Adobe deployed an agentic AI assistant that auto-tags, prioritizes, routes, and, when criteria are met, auto-responds to emails. Typical queries include supplier billing issues or standard credit-quality questions coming into the treasury from Salesforce.
“In 2025 alone, the system auto-responded to about 300,000 emails across 19 inboxes, saving more than 5,000 hours of manual work and freeing teams to focus on more complex issues,” he says. The tool took about six months to build; beta teams began using it around August 2024, with full rollout in January 2025.
The payoff, he stresses, isn’t headcount cuts but the ability to scale more efficiently as Adobe grows.
Grassroots ideas, decade-long build
Durn traces these finance use cases to Adobe’s long AI journey and a bottom-up idea pipeline. The company has invested in machine learning and AI for more than a decade, initially to understand customer usage patterns and embed intelligence into products—work that laid the groundwork for generative and agentic AI.
Many of the best applications come from “reaching down into the organization” and asking employees where AI could remove friction or make their jobs easier, he says. There are more ideas than capacity, so the team prioritizes those with the greatest impact.
When deciding whether to green-light AI investments, Durn focuses on organizational velocity—the ability of back-office functions to keep pace with faster product innovation. If finance doesn’t adopt AI, he argues, it risks becoming a “rate limiter of growth.”
The actual spend is modest, he adds; much of the work involves change management and process redesign layered onto Adobe’s technology.
Durn’s perspective on change management coincides with new research from McKinsey. To capture the full value of AI, organizations need to go beyond “a piecemeal approach and push for a double transformation—both technical and organizational—that includes reimagining how work gets done across functions and workflows,” according to the report. While 88% of organizations surveyed are now experimenting with AI, fewer than 20% report tangible bottom-line results,, the research finds.
How AI is changing his own job
For his own workflow, Durn relies on AI primarily for insight generation. Ahead of earnings, his team loads pre-earnings research reports, Adobe filings, and peer transcripts into an AI-powered workspace to surface themes and likely investor questions.
Scripts and Q&A preparation are then run through models with guardrails to test whether messaging addresses those themes and to ask, “If I were an investor, what are my key takeaways?”
He sees it as a useful check on clarity and consistency—using AI to validate instincts and sharpen how Adobe communicates with the market.
Finance
UST Finance Students Compete on Global Stage in CFA Research Challenge
A select team of students from the University of St. Thomas’ Cameron School of Business has officially launched its bid for the FY 2025–2026 Texas Region CFA (Certified Financial Analyst) Institute Research Challenge, a prestigious competition often referred to as the “Investment Olympics” for university students.
The CFA Institute Research Challenge is an annual competition that provides university students with hands-on mentoring and intensive training in financial analysis. The competition tests students’ analytical, valuation, report writing and presentation skills, challenging them to take on the role of real-world research analysts. The 2025–2026 cycle involves more than 6,000 students from more than1,000 universities worldwide.
Representing UST, the team is comprised of Team Captain Chih Jung Ting, MSF; Vice-Captain Daria Kostyukova, BBA/MSF; Reginald Paolo Laudato, BBA/MSF; Simon Wong, BBA in Finance; and Anjali Sebastian, BBA in Finance.
The team of five students has been selected to conduct an exhaustive equity analysis of a target company, competing against top-tier universities from around the Texas area.
“Taking part in the CFA Research Challenge has been the most intense and rewarding experience of my academic career,” said Chih Jung Ting, team captain. “We aren’t just reading case studies anymore—we are digging into real balance sheets, forecasting real economic shifts, and learning how to defend our ideas under pressure. It’s given us a true taste of what it means to be an analyst.”
The team is supported by Department Chair of Economics and Finance Dr. Joe Ueng, CFA, and faculty advisor Dr. Dan Hu. Assisting the team was industry mentor Matt Caire, CFA, CFP®, CMT from Vaughan Nelson, a seasoned professional who provides guidance on the intricacies of equity research.
“Our participation in the CFA Research Challenge is a testament to the caliber of our students and the strength of our curriculum,” said Dr. Ueng. “By applying advanced financial theory to a live market scenario, our students demonstrate that they are not just learners, but emerging professionals ready to contribute to the global financial community. We are incredibly proud of their dedication to academic excellence.”
Dr. Sidika Gülfem Bayram, the Cullen Foundation Endowed Chair of Finance and UST associate professor of Finance said participating in the CFA Research Challenge this year creates a pivotal moment for UST students.
“I’m impressed to see our students apply their curriculum knowledge to meet the depth and vast nature of the analysis required in such a fierce competition,” Dr. Bayram said. “I’m so proud of the effort the students put into the challenge.”
This year, the team has been tasked with analyzing Green Brick Partners, a publicly traded company in the consumer cyclical sector. During the past several months, the students have dedicated more than 150 hours to conducting a deep-dive analysis of the company’s business model and industry position, interviewing company management and financial experts, building complex financial models to determine the stock’s intrinsic value, and compiling an “Initiation of Coverage” report with a buy, sell or hold recommendation.
“Participating in the CFA Research Challenge allows our students to bridge the gap between classroom theory and the fast-paced world of investment management,” said Dr. Hu. “It demands a level of rigor and professional ethics that prepares them for the highest levels of the finance industry.”
The team will presented its findings and defended its recommendation before a panel of judges from leading investment firms at the CFA Society local final in late February. Winners of the local competition will advance to the subregional and regional rounds, with the goal of reaching the global finals in May 2026.
';
-
Detroit, MI4 days agoDrummer Brian Pastoria, longtime Detroit music advocate, dies at 68
-
Oklahoma1 week agoFamily rallies around Oklahoma father after head-on crash
-
Nebraska1 week agoWildfire forces immediate evacuation order for Farnam residents
-
Georgia7 days agoHow ICE plans for a detention warehouse pushed a Georgia town to fight back | CNN Politics
-
Alaska1 week agoPolice looking for man considered ‘armed and dangerous’
-
Science1 week agoFederal EPA moves to roll back recent limits on ethylene oxide, a carcinogen
-
Movie Reviews4 days ago‘Youth’ Twitter review: Ken Karunaas impresses audiences; Suraj Venjaramoodu adds charm; music wins praise | – The Times of India
-
World1 week agoThousands march worldwide in solidarity with Palestine, Iran on al-Quds Day