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Cities turn to financial innovation to reach climate neutrality by 2030

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Cities turn to financial innovation to reach climate neutrality by 2030

Aiming for climate neutrality while economic recovery is underway is a daunting challenge, as the transition to a net-zero emissions world requires unprecedented financial investments. Cities have a pivotal role, as they are responsible for 78% of the world’s energy consumption and produce over 60% of greenhouse gas emissions.

A new JRC study that looks at the financial strategy of 362 European cities identifies that the majority of them are still underprepared, lack essential knowledge and are struggling to mobilise funds to deal with climate action. Not surprisingly, economic barriers are the major obstacle identified by most of these cities in their quest to become climate neutral by 2030.

Despite these limitations, local governments are demonstrating remarkable creativity and ambition. They are exploring innovative financing mechanisms that complement conventional instruments such as public investment or EU funding.

The report draws insights from the self-assessment of 362 cities participating in The 100 Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities Mission. These cities are front running in the efforts to reach climate-neutrality.

Most cities have not estimate the total investment to become climate neutral

The estimates of the total investment needed to become climate neutral are very diverse among respondents, but most of them could not provide a figure for the overall cost of the transition to a net-zero emissions city.

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In fact, only a handful submitted detailed forecasts, while a staggering 72% (261 cities) provided not even a rough estimation. Moreover, over 60% of the cities (220) have not started or are just beginning to draw their climate actions plan. Only 31 of the respondents declared to have a pipeline of projects ready for investment.

Among those cities that could provide a number, the investment falls in the 0.1–10 billion € range. The authors of the study estimate that this would translate in an investment of 13.75 to 186.25 M€ each year per city from today until 2030.

The wide variations observed on the investment estimates could be explained by the different population, income levels, and estimation methodologies for each city.

Diverse funding sources but limited involvement of private resources

Cities aim to cover the estimated cost through a variety of sources, including regional, national and EU funding, alongside private financing and their own funds. However, reliance on public funding from national and EU sources remains high, while most cities expect to cover less than 20% using their own funds.

Experience in financing specific climate projects is limited for many local governments and only a few feel well equipped to tap capital markets. Nearly 41% of the cities have never assessed the potential of capital markets in providing climate funding and investment and have made no steps towards establishing an investor community.

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Additionally, co-financing with the private sector has not been fully developed yet, and few steps have been taken to establish an investor-ready pipeline of projects contributing to climate neutrality.

Cities: at the forefront of financial innovation

Remarkably, cities are turning to financial innovation in their search for solutions to the challenge of limited public funding and low involvement of private resources. Nearly 30% of the cities reported experience with diverse innovative financial instruments such as green bonds, energy performance contracting and crowdfunding schemes.

Through a learning-by-doing approach, they are creating blueprints and new business models, paving the way to a deep and long-lasting transformation, and fostering a dialogue and collaboration with key players.

Barriers and capacity building needs

While cities are open to new creative solutions, the study highlights significant gaps in administrative and technical knowledge that are hindering the development of fully fledge climate action plans.  Nearly half of the cities flagged the need for capacity building on climate finance.

As these 362 cities could serve as experimentation and innovation hubs to enable all European cities to follow suit by 2050, it is important to overcome the main barriers, rooted in current financial management, regulation, and institutional arrangements, to unlock access to financing at city level.

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Background

This paper forms part of a compendium of scientific publications on various aspects of climate neutrality at the urban level, based on the Cities Mission dataset.

These studies contribute to the goals of The 100 Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities Mission, seeking to deliver 100 climate-neutral and smart cities by 2030.

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Investors eye PCE, Costco shares under pressure: Yahoo Finance

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Investors eye PCE, Costco shares under pressure: Yahoo Finance

Wall Street is digesting this morning’s release of the latest Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) data, the Federal Reserve’s preferred measure of inflation. Meanwhile, Costco (COST) shares are under pressure following the wholesale retail giant’s latest quarterly results. Despite recent increases in membership fees, the company fell short of sales expectations. Yahoo Finance’s trending tickers include BlackBerry Limited (BB), SuperMicro Computer (SMCI), and Coinbase (COIN).

Key guests include:
9:05 a.m. ET : Tiffany Wilding, PIMCO Managing Director and Economist
9:30 a.m. ET Angelo Kourkafas, Edward Jones Senior Investment Strategist
10:15 a.m. ET Rich Lesser, BCG Global Chair
10:45 a.m. ET Stuart Kaiser, Citi Head of U.S. Equity Trading Strategy
11:30 a.m. ET Ed Hallen, Klaviyo Chief Product Officer & Co-Founder

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Biodiversity still a low consideration in international finance: Report

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Biodiversity still a low consideration in international finance: Report

Biodiversity-related projects have seen an increase in international funding in recent years, but remain a low priority compared to other development initiatives, according to a new report from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

The report found total official development finance (ODF) for such projects grew from $7.3 billion in 2015 to $15.4 billion in 2022. That’s still less than what the nearly 200 governments that signed the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) in December 2022 agreed would be needed to halt biodiversity loss: at least $20 billion annually by 2025, and $30 billion annually by 2030.

Government funding made up the bulk of the ODF for biodiversity-related projects in the OECD report, which is welcome news, Campaign for Nature (CfN), a U.S.-based advocacy group, said in a statement.

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“We welcome the increase in international biodiversity finance reported in 2022 but that good news is tempered by a range of concerns,” Mark Opel, finance lead at CfN, told Mongabay.

One concern, CfN notes, is that funding specifically for biodiversity as a principal objective declined from $4.6 billion in 2015 to $3.8 billion in 2022. CfN reviewed hundreds of projects from 2022, which formed the source for the OECD’s report, and found that many either had vague descriptions or focused on other policies like agriculture but were counted toward protecting or restoring nature.

“We need to see more emphasis on funding with a primary focus on biodiversity,” Opel said. “So-called ‘principal’ funding that has biodiversity as its primary goal continues to be down since its 2015 peak. Increases in this type of funding are essential to meet the goals of the GBF … These goals cannot be met through funding with biodiversity as only a ‘significant’ goal that mainstreams biodiversity into projects with other primary goals like humanitarian aid or agriculture.”

The report also found that funding for biodiversity-related activities represent just 2-7% of the total ODF portfolio.

“It is concerning that biodiversity considerations still represent a relatively low share of the total official development assistance,” Markus Knigge, executive director of Germany-based nonprofit foundation Blue Action Fund, told Mongabay. He added it was also problematic that most funding came via loans, which have to be repaid, rather than grants, which are often more appropriate for conservation finance.

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CfN says grants are preferable to loans because they don’t add to the debt burden of low-income recipient countries.

At the same time, development funding from major donors such as Germany, France, EU institutions, the U.S. and Japan have been cut in recent years.

“We have seen minimal announcements of new international biodiversity finance since [the GBF signing],” Opel said. “We estimate that only the equivalent of $162 million annually has been pledged since [then], which doesn’t come close to filling the $4.6 billion gap between the $15.4 billion in 2022 and the $20 billion commitment in 2025.”

Banner image: Javan lutung by Rhett A. Butler/Mongabay.

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30-year mortgage rate hits 2-year low

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30-year mortgage rate hits 2-year low

The average rate on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage was nearly unchanged this week but reached its lowest level in two years.

Thirty-year mortgage rates averaged 6.08% as of Thursday, down from 6.09% a week earlier, according to Freddie Mac data.

Average 15-year mortgage rates rose one basis point to 5.16%.

As mortgage rates hover around 6%, potential buyers are tiptoeing back into the market, and some homeowners who bought when interest rates topped 7% are weighing refinancing. Mortgage applications jumped to the highest level in more than two years last week, driven largely by refinancing volumes.

“Given the downward trajectory of rates, refinance activity continues to pick up, creating opportunities for many homeowners to trim their monthly mortgage payment,” Sam Khater, Freddie Mac’s chief economist, said in a statement. “Meanwhile, many looking to purchase a home are playing the waiting game to see if rates decrease further as additional economic data is released over the next several weeks.”

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Thirty-year mortgage rates have dropped more than a percentage point since May.

Read more: Mortgage and refinance rates today, September 26, 2024: Rates finally decrease

The Pending Home Sales Index, a measure of housing contract activity, rose 0.6% to 70.6 in August, improving slightly from July’s record-low reading, according to the National Association of Realtors. A level of 100 is equal to the amount of contract activity seen in 2001.

“Buyers are finally getting more comfortable with the rate,” said Selma Hepp, chief economist at real estate data provider CoreLogic. “I don’t think that’s going to mean a big boost for home sales this year given how low they’ve been so far, but still, it’s a little bit of improvement.”

Claire Boston is a senior reporter for Yahoo Finance covering housing, mortgages, and home insurance.

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