Florida
NASA images reveal “ghost forests” in Florida
NASA and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) satellite images have unveiled a concerning phenomenon in Florida: the emergence of “ghost forests” in the state’s mangrove ecosystems.
These watery graveyards of once-thriving trees are a product of mangrove forests’ increasing vulnerability to intensifying storms and environmental change.
Mangroves are vital to the Florida Everglades. Known for their picturesque, half-submerged roots that create natural tunnels for kayakers, these trees also serve essential ecological and environmental functions.
Mangroves stabilize coastlines, buffer against erosion, store carbon and provide critical shelter for marine life.
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Florida is estimated to have 600,000 acres of mangrove forests, though their distribution has changed in recent decades mostly as a consequence of human activity, according to the state’s Department of Environmental Protection.
Although mangroves are renowned for their resilience, including their ability to withstand flooding, the recent findings published in the journal Remote Sensing of Environment revealed that stronger and more frequent hurricanes are overwhelming this natural adaptability.
Using decades of Landsat satellite data spanning from 1999 to 2023, researchers identified troubling patterns in mangrove recovery following hurricanes. Unlike previous studies that typically focused on single events, this study paints a broader picture of how these forests respond to storms over time.
The team categorized mangrove conditions into four groups: healthy (unaffected by storms), disturbed (impacted by storms but recovered within a single growing season), recovering (requiring more than one season to recover) and declining (failing to recover and entering long-term decline).
The aftermath of recent hurricanes revealed a sharp rise in the number of declining mangroves. These forests, unable to recover, often transition into “ghost forests,” where dead trees haunt the once bustling coastline.
“Our monitoring has shown a significant increase in the area of mangroves that have lost their natural recovery capacity following recent hurricanes, such as Irma in 2017 and Ian in 2022,” Zhe Zhu, a co-author of the study and a former member of the USGS–NASA Landsat science team said in a statement.
The Landsat-based maps from the study showed clear contrasts between mangrove recovery after hurricanes Wilma (2005) and Irma (2017) in the southern Everglades National Park bordering the Gulf of Mexico.
Lauren Dauphin, using data from Yang, Xiucheng, et al. 2024/NASA Earth Observatory
While most mangroves recovered naturally after Wilma, a significant portion of mangroves impacted by Irma entered a long-term decline, turning into ghost forests.
“Comparing post-hurricane conditions in Florida revealed that the increased frequency and severity of disturbances are challenging mangrove resilience, potentially diminishing their ability to recover and sustain ecosystem functions,” the researchers wrote in the study.
A key innovation of this study was the use of a machine-learning algorithm to analyze satellite data, enabling continuous and detailed tracking of mangrove conditions. This approach provides an early warning system, helping land managers identify areas at risk before losses become irreversible.
“Our research aims to provide an early warning system for mangrove decline, helping to identify areas at risk before irreversible loss occurs,” Zhu said.
The researchers plan to refine their algorithm to better differentiate between the drivers of mangrove change, such as extreme weather, rising sea levels or human activity. They also aim to expand the study to monitor mangroves globally.
“By identifying whether changes are driven by extreme weather events, rising sea levels, or human activities, we can provide more targeted insights for conservation and management strategies in a rapidly changing environment,” Zhu said.
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Reference
Yang, X., Zhu, Z., Kroeger, K. D., Qiu, S., Covington, S., Conrad, J. R., & Zhu, Z. (2024). Tracking mangrove condition changes using dense Landsat time series. Remote Sensing of Environment, 315, 114461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114461
Florida
Video shows man attack Florida deputies in snake-and-gator-infested canal, sheriff says
Body camera video shows a man fighting with Florida deputies who were trying to rescue him from a snake-and-alligator-infested canal, authorities said.
The incident happened July 3 when Flagler County Sheriff’s Office deputies found a man lying on the ground shirtless in front of an elementary school.
The man, 47-year-old Ryan McMinn, who had been then subject of a previous welfare check, fled on foot, the sheriff’s office said.
A short time later, authorities received a call about a man trying to climb on the side of a house in Palm Coast.
Deputies responded and found McMinn near the canal behind the house and when he spotted the deputies, McMinn ran into the canal and started swimming, authorities said.
“What’s your name?” a deputy asks him in the bodycam footage, as McMinn is seen swimming backwards. “You getting tired?”
Officials said McMinn was ordered to get out of the water multiple times but refused, and when he started to show signs of exhaustion, two deputies went into the canal to pull him out.
The video released by the sheriff’s office on Monday shows the deputies wading into the water before a struggle ensues.
Authorities said McMinn tried to grab one deputy’s head to push it under the water, before he tried to grab the neck of the other deputy.
The deputies were able to get control of McMinn and get him safely to shore.
He was hospitalized before he was arrested and booked into jail on two counts of battery on a law enforcement officer.
“Battering a Deputy Sheriff will guarantee you the loss of your freedom and a trip to jail,” Flagler Sheriff Rick Staly said. “These deputies went into the water to rescue this guy, and he responded by fighting them. I commend our deputies for their willingness to get in a canal that usually have snakes and gators and pull this guy to safety before he drowned.”
Florida
Heat alerts expand across Florida as dangerous temperatures return
The Sunshine State closed out the first month of meteorological summer with a mixed-bag of temperatures, as daily thunderstorm activity helped to keep some communities cooler while others reported one of their hottest Junes on record.
The contrasting observations across the state highlights just how localized Florida’s weather can be, with the sometimes cooler than average temperatures occurring just miles away from heat islands.
Clermont, in Central Florida, recorded its warmest June when compared to typical values, finishing about 4 degrees above average for the month. Meanwhile, Pensacola was the coolest major metro area across the state, ending the month approximately 2 degrees below average.
Cooler than average temperatures were largely found along the Panhandle, while Central and South Florida were home to the heat.
Regions that experienced frequent afternoon showers and thunderstorms generally recorded temperatures closer to seasonal averages, while locations that missed out on the rainfall often experienced temperatures that were well above average.
As a whole, warmer readings outweighed the cooler ones during the first month of meteorological summer, allowing the Sunshine State to experience one of its tenth warmest Junes on record.
The arrival of July has done little to change the pattern, with temperatures expected to get even warmer during the next few weeks.
Forecast models show another extended period of above-average temperatures developing this week as a ridge of high pressure builds across the Sunshine State.
The warmer conditions are expected along and north of the Interstate 4 corridor, where afternoon high temperatures are expected to climb into at least the upper 90s.
When combined with the humidity, the heat index could reach between 104 and 110 degrees through most of the state through the remaining days of the workweek and into the weekend.
The heat indices mean that NOAA’s HeatRisk will reach the Major category in many areas with some neighborhoods potentially reaching the Extreme category.
Residents and visitors spending time outdoors are encouraged to drink plenty of water, take frequent breaks in the air conditioning and avoid strenuous activity during the hottest parts of the day.
Forecast guidance suggests that some ridging will remain in place through at least the middle of next week, leading to several days of above normal heat.
Due to the abundance of seeking air, widespread shower and thunderstorm activity will be hard to come by.
Whether the current pattern persists through the remainder of the month remains uncertain, but the final week of July is climatologically the warmest period of the year, when average afternoon highs reach at least the low to mid-90s.
Florida
US appeals court strikes down key part of Florida law restricting campus race and gender discussions
A federal appeals panel struck down a significant chunk of Ron DeSantis’s so-called Stop Woke Act on Tuesday, delivering another rebuff to the Republican Florida governor’s efforts to stifle free speech in higher education.
In a scathing order, judges of the 11th circuit court of appeal said by a 2-1 majority that the higher education component of the law – which prevented college and university professors teaching or sharing thoughts on concepts of race and gender – breached the free expression rights guaranteed under the US constitution’s first amendment.
It accused the state of “puppeteering”: making the educators their mouthpieces by controlling what they can say or teach.
“Because the government pays the professors’ salaries, Florida says, their speech is the state’s speech,” Britt Grant, a Donald Trump-appointed judge who wrote the majority opinion, said. “Emphatically no.
“Florida’s salary-for-speech rule is a breathtaking assertion of power to ban unpopular ideas from public discourse in the very places the state’s own statutes recognize as centers of inquiry – classrooms where students are trusted to puzzle through ideas that are good and bad, easy and hard, ideally getting ever closer to the truth.”
It added: “The ideas Florida targets may well be noxious. Or maybe not. Either way, in this context the first amendment trusts students to figure it out for themselves.”
The ruling removes a flagship element of DeSantis’s second-term agenda aimed at perceived leftwing ideology on Florida’s state-run higher education campuses. Passed in 2022, the Stop Woke Act, formally branded the Individual Freedom Act, restricted how race and gender could be taught in schools and colleges, and discussed in the workplace.
Tuesday’s decision mirrors the same appeals court’s 2024 ruling blocking the workplace provision of the law on the grounds that the state was attempting, unconstitutionally, to recharacterize protected free speech as conduct it could ban.
It reinforces a district court’s November 2022 injunction against implementation of the law at Florida’s colleges and universities – and represents a considerable victory for civil rights and free speech advocacy groups that launched the legal action.
The lawsuit’s named plaintfill – LeRoy Pernell, a professor at Florida A&M University’s college of law – welcomed the ruling.
“We are thrilled the court has stopped the erasure of topics that have real implications for our students, allowing them to learn, discuss, and develop tools for combatting the complex issue of racism in our country without being gagged by those who would dictate that only state-approved thought may be promoted,” he said in a statement.
Jin Hee Lee, director of strategic initiatives at the Legal Defense Fund, said the Stop Woke Act was an “egregious” effort by the DeSantis administration to try to force the public higher education system in Florida to adopt the viewpoints of those in power.
“It is no coincidence that this state law aimed to censor the perspectives of Black people and LGBTQ+ people, the very same people who are currently under attack,” Lee said.
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“With this decision, the federal appeals court has made clear that Florida cannot actively erase their history of discrimination or their lived experiences without running afoul of our constitution.”
Carrie McNamara, staff attorney at the American Civil Liberties Union of Florida, also hailed the ruling as a victory for free speech.
“By upholding the district court’s ruling, the 11th circuit ensured that our system of higher education is guided by the principle of free speech, not government censorship,” she said.
“Our classrooms are meant to be rooms of curiosity, creativity, and learning. When we stifle this kind of critical thinking, we risk losing our education system as we know it.”
There was no immediate reaction to the ruling from the DeSantis administration or Florida’s unelected attorney general, James Uthmeier, the governor’s former chief of staff elevated by DeSantis in February 2025.
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