Finance
A Sophisticated Approach to Data Will Be Key to Open Finance’s Success
2
By Tom Bull, UK FinTech Growth Leader, EY
Unlocking the value of open finance will ultimately come down to how newly accessible data is used; for many banks, this will require a whole new approach.
Open banking is transforming financial systems internationally. Allowing consumers and businesses to share their bank-account data securely with other institutions and authorise direct account-to-account payments opens up a broad array of new products and services that will increase competition. More than 70 countries are now on a path to open banking, including the United States, which has traditionally taken a market-led approach to customer-data sharing.
Consumers are taking notice. In the United Kingdom, for example, more than one million people paid their self-assessment tax bills using open banking in the year to January 2024, up from 140,000 the previous year.1
Today, open finance represents an expansion of open banking’s capabilities, broadening the potential datasets beyond bank accounts to include a wider range of financial products, such as investments, pensions and mortgages, all personalised and often cheaper.
Consumer demand for products based on these new capabilities is strong. Research conducted by EY (Ernst & Young) and The Investing and Saving Alliance (TISA) found that 90 percent of consumers would be likely to use open finance-based dashboard applications that provide a consolidated view of their finances.2 The innovation is also relevant to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), providing support as they manage their cashflows and connect banking data to cloud accounting packages.
However, implementing and adapting to open banking and open finance is a huge task for banks. As customers gain greater control of their financial data and can share it more freely, banks need to ensure they continue to adhere to the same high security standards.
This is a profound shift for banks, which have traditionally built their systems solely to ensure customer data is protected without giving much consideration to interoperability. Maintaining high levels of protection while allowing data to be shared represents a major change in approach.
So, seizing the opportunities that open finance presents could be transformative for banks, and for those that can successfully navigate the risks, the upside is enormous. Inaction from banks will only serve to heighten competition from technology firms with presences in the financial-services space.
Building for the future
Taking advantage of open finance requires banks to fundamentally change their approaches to data. Today, operations across many banks are underpinned by legacy, closed-architecture systems that were never designed for easy integration with third parties.
Simply maintaining the status quo requires huge amounts of work. EY research indicates that financial institutions currently spend up to 65 percent3 of their information technology (IT) budgets on maintaining current systems rather than innovating and developing new propositions.
These legacy platforms and processes constrain agility, hindering banks’ ability to get products to market and stay ahead of evolving customer needs.
To set themselves up for success, banks need to invest in areas more typically associated with technology platforms. This includes prioritising areas that may be unfamiliar, such as:
- Application programming interface (API) channels that are fast, secure and reliable, making it easy to connect with other companies and share customer data (with permission). Speed is crucial here, as fast response times are critical for smooth user experiences, especially for products that aggregate data from many sources in one place.
- Great developer experience to encourage others to engage with the bank’s API. This requires building easy-to-use software development kits (SDKs), as well as providing documentation, tools and community support for developers.
- A commercial model underpinning the bank’s open banking strategy that recognises the needs of both the bank itself and the companies that hope to partner with it. This should be driven by a strong sales organisation that can actively promote the bank’s API to potential partners and drive usage.
As open finance gains momentum, banks and other financial institutions will be required to handle a far greater volume of data than ever before. By taking the necessary steps to improve their data infrastructures, they will be better positioned to succeed in the future.
Looking at data in new ways
Open finance creates a novel situation for banks, enabling them to become consumers of datasets to which they have never had access before. This presents opportunities to launch new product offerings and engage with customers in new ways, as long as they are able to access, utilise and exploit the new data fully.
Many of these opportunities revolve around new ways to gain a better understanding of existing customers by using new data sources to build more complete views of their overall financial pictures.
An enhanced data picture can also make it possible to offer a wider range of products to existing customers. For example, an estimated five million people in the UK are currently considered “thin-file”, meaning they have little or no credit history.4 For people in this group, accessing loans can be prohibitively expensive or even impossible, even if they earn a good wage and are financially responsible.
Open finance allows banks to view a wider array of data sources to assess creditworthiness—for example, transaction data to understand spending patterns and budgeting. This has the potential to open up access to credit to a much broader population.
Adaptation will be a three-step process
The possibilities offered by open finance are expansive and can be overwhelming. Banks need to be selective about the use cases and customer segments they target. With this in mind, adapting should be approached as a three-step process.
The first step is screening. A bank should take the time to understand the new capabilities on offer, not just through access to new data sources but also regarding its ability to trigger payments from within a customer’s account, bypassing traditional payment gateways and networks.
These capabilities and the new data sources available should then be screened for commercial-opportunity size, operational complexity and the priorities of the business unit, as well as the costs and technical complexity of deployment.
Having built a shortlist, the next step is to begin building out business cases and testing the propositions with customers to test demand and refine the offering.
The challenge during this phase is striking the right balance between protecting existing business lines against cannibalisation while simultaneously testing potentially transformative products. Pay-by-bank payments, for example, have the potential to cannibalise revenues from card payments, but banks must be willing to disrupt their own business models before someone else does.
As new products are developed and brought to market, the third step, customer education, will be key. People will not use financial products if they do not understand the benefits, so banks must enable customers to understand how these new capabilities can improve their financial lives.
Open finance should be seen as an opportunity for banks to engage more deeply with their customers and serve them in better ways. Harnessing it will require an evolution in approach but could unlock incredible growth for the banks that embrace it.
References
1Open Banking: “Adoption Analysis: Open Banking Penetration,” March 2024, UK Open Banking Impact Report.
2 The Investing and Saving Alliance (TISA): “TISA-EY Open Finance Report 2022.”
3 The Paypers: Open Finance Report 2023: “The Open Revolution: From Open Banking to Open Finance,”November 2023.
4 Experian: “How additional data sources can help to reduce the invisibles population,” April 2023.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Tom Bull is a financial-services Partner at EY, specialising in the financial-technology space. Tom heads up EY’s UK FinTech Growth team, supporting clients to innovate and expand their businesses. Tom joined EY more than 20 years ago and is a graduate of the University of Warwick.
Finance
Epstein waged a years-long quest to meet Putin and talk finance
Jeffrey Epstein was on a mission to meet with Vladimir Putin when an intriguing proposal dropped into his email.
The Russian president was ready to receive Epstein, according to an October 2014 message from a correspondent on a database of more than 3.5 million files belonging to the late convicted sex offender that have roiled global politics and business.
“I spoke t= Putin,” wrote the interlocutor, whose identity has been redacted by the US Department of Justice. “He would be very glad if you were to visit and explain=financial markets in the 21 st century. Digital currency. derivative= structured finance. I would set up the meeting when you are next in=Europe. I am sure you two will like each other.”
Hours later, Epstein forwarded the message with a request for advice to Kathy Ruemmler, who’s stepping down as Goldman Sachs Group Inc.’s general counsel after details of her association with the disgraced financier emerged in the files released by the Justice Department.
In his response, Epstein anticipated that her advice would be not to go “for the moment” and that was in fact the case. Ruemmler’s reply was brief: “Yes my answer is still the same,” she wrote. “Your fun i= denied.”
The caution at that point was understandable. Months earlier, Putin had sent Russian troops to annex Crimea from Ukraine, prompting wide-ranging US and European Union sanctions and sparking the geopolitical crisis that has since spiraled into the largest conflict in Europe since World War II.
Epstein’s fascination with Putin and Russia was undimmed, though, even as the documents paint a picture of a man who appeared largely clueless about who had genuine power and influence with the Kremlin leader. The files show a years-long effort to secure a one-on-one meeting with Putin, whose name appears about 1,000 times in the database.
The emails are quoted here as they appear in the DOJ release, including spelling and grammatical errors.
Ultimately, it seems, his quest was unsuccessful. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said Putin never met Epstein as far as he’s aware, and no evidence has emerged so far to show that they did.
Earlier that year, in January, Epstein pitched former Norwegian Prime Minister Thorbjorn Jagland as the politician apparently prepared to meet with Putin in Sochi. The Russian Black Sea resort was shortly to host the 2014 Winter Olympics, the most expensive in history as Putin lavished $50 billion to present the games as a showcase of his country’s post-Soviet restoration.
Sport wasn’t on Epstein’s mind. “you can explain to putin , that there should be a sopshiticated russian version of bitcoin,” he wrote. “it would be the most advanced financial instrument availbale on a global basis.”
Jagland was among the most prominent European politicians at the time as secretary general of the Council of Europe for a decade between October 2009 and September 2019. Jagland met Putin on May 20, 2013, according to the Kremlin’s website, and returned to Sochi in 2014 for the opening of the Olympics.
On May 8, 2013, Epstein asked Jagland to secure him an audience with the Russian leader. “I know you are going to meet putin on the 20th, He is desperate to engage western investment in his country,” the financier wrote. “I have his solution. He needs to securitize russian investment, that means the govt takes the first loss.”
Epstein went on: “I recoginize that there are human rights issues that are at the forefront of your trip howver, if it is helpful to you, I would be happy to meet with him sometime in June and explain the solution to his top prioirty, I think this would be good for your goals. exchange somehting he really wants. for someting you want.”
In a further exchange a few days later, Jagland told Epstein “all this is not easy for me to explain to Putin. You have to do it. My job is to get a meeting with him.”
Epstein replied that Putin “is in a unique position to do something grand, like sputnik did for the space race.” He added: “I would be happy to meet with him , but for a minimum of two to three hours, not shorter.”
Apparently, a counter-offer came from Moscow that failed to enthuse Epstein. On May 21, he claimed in a message to former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak that Putin had proposed a meeting during the annual St. Petersburg International Economic Forum the following month.
“I told him no,” Epstein wrote to Barak. “If he wants to meet he will need to set aside real time and privacy, lets see what happens.”
Days earlier, on May 9, referring to Putin, Epstein admitted to the Israeli politician that “I never met him.”
Two years later, in 2015, Barak wrote to thank Epstein for arranging his own participation at the St. Petersburg forum, where he said he held meetings with Bank of Russia Governor Elvira Nabiullina and Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov as well as the heads of the country’s two largest banks, Herman Gref of Sberbank and VTB Bank’s Andrey Kostin.
A spokesperson for Barak didn’t immediately offer comment.
As early as November 2010, Epstein was boasting to an unidentified correspondent that he had “a friend of Putin,s” who could help him secure a Russian visa, in response to an apparent party invitation.
Epstein noted on an application form for a year-long Russian visa in 2011 that he’d been issued with visas every year but one between 2002 and 2007, and had traveled to the country. It’s unclear from the files how many times he made use of the visas to visit Russia, though they indicate he made repeated plans to go there.
In April 2018, he received an email advising that his Russian visa was expiring and he’d need an official invitation letter to “renew for a 3 year business visa.” The visa was subsequently issued in June.
Epstein sent more emails to Jagland asking about meetings with Putin until June 2018. That last message, about a month before Putin held his first summit with US President Donald Trump in Helsinki, was the most concise.
“Would love to meet with Putin,” Epstein wrote.
Norwegian authorities started a corruption probe into Jagland this month over his links to Epstein.
Jagland is “fully cooperating with the police and has provided a detailed account of all relevant matters,” his lawyer, Anders Brosveet, said in a statement, declining to comment further. “He denies all charges against him.”
Trump’s election in 2016 gave Epstein more opportunity to cultivate Russian contacts, presenting himself as someone who could explain the political newcomer. This is what Epstein did during Trump’s first term, telling foreign officials how best to deal with the new president, according to one person who knew him at that time, asking not to be identified because the matter is sensitive.
One, apparently, was Vitaly Churkin, the Russian ambassador to the United Nations in New York until his death in February 2017. Epstein claimed to Jagland that he’d coached the late Churkin on how to talk to Trump, and suggested he tell Putin that Lavrov could also “get insight on talking to me.”
Writing in June 2018, Epstein said: “churkin was great . he understood trump after =ur conversations. it is not complex. he must=be seen to get something its that simple.”
According to the DOJ files, Epstein also had regular contact with Sergei Belyakov, a former deputy economy minister and a graduate of Russia’s FSB security service who was involved in organizing the St. Petersburg economic forum. In one 2015 email, Epstein described him as a “very good guy.”
Belyakov didn’t respond to a request for comment.
Epstein bragged about his own FSB connections in another 2015 message to an unknown contact that he’d accused of attempting to blackmail him.
“I felt it necessary to contact some friends in FSB, and I though did not give them your name,” Epstein wrote. “So i expect never ever to hear a threat from you again.”
–With assistance from Ott Ummelas and Dan Williams.
Finance
Urgent superannuation warning for thousands as Aussie loses $165,000: ‘I just clicked’
Thousands of Australians are still likely in the dark about losing hundreds of thousands of dollars in their retirement savings. Authorities are still waiting for victims to come forward after more than a $1 billion was quietly lost from superannuation funds of workers across the country.
Social media ads and aggressive sales tactics were used to lure in regular working Australians. That was the case for Queensland woman Claire* who was encouraged to move her superannuation into a new fund and ultimately lost $165,000 when she later learned it had disappeared.
Claire only realised something was wrong when she received a strange email from “equity trustees” which in the moment didn’t mean anything to her at all.
“I was just lucky that I clicked on it,” she told Yahoo Finance.
RELATED
Claire, who works in education, admits she isn’t a sophisticated investor. She paid almost no attention to her superannuation but came across an ad while “doomscrolling” Facebook that caught her eye.
“It was along the lines of nine out of 10 super funds are underperforming. Is your’s one of them?” she recalled. “It wasn’t dodgy looking.”
She clicked to find out if her super fund was on the list.
“To get the article you had to put your name and your phone number and your email in, or something like that.”
However when she did, she didn’t get an article. Instead she got a call from a business on the Gold Coast.
Claire was urged to send through her latest superannuation statement, which she did, and that’s when the “constant” calls started.
Despite her reservations and skepticisms – and repeatedly declining their overtures – the pushy tactics from financial advisors on the other end of the line eventually wore her down and she was convinced to move her superannuation from industry fund QSuper to a fund she couldn’t actually find anything about on Google, called NQ Super.
“They essentially had an answer for everything and made it sound safe as houses, and if I didn’t do this I’m an absolute idiot… They sort of played on my naivety and my lack of knowledge of the super system,” she said.
In her late 30s, Claire was promised much higher returns by the time she retired if she switched.
In a subsequent statement of advice put together by an advisory firm called Venture Egg, and seen by Yahoo Finance, she was told the money would be put into mostly standard investments such as the Betashares Nasdaq ETF and Vanguard ETF funds for Australian and international stocks – common, low risk products that track broad sections of the stock market.
Finance
Citi’s new CFO is the latest sign the ‘operator’ era has arrived | Fortune
Good morning. The “traditional” large‑bank CFO path runs through corporate finance, controllership, and treasury with deep technical accounting credentials. But Citi’s newly appointed CFO, Gonzalo Luchetti, did not take that route. He instead brings what companies now increasingly want in a CFO: an enterprise operator and strategic partner.
Next month, after Citi files its 2025 year-end results, Luchetti will succeed longtime CFO Mark Mason, who will become executive vice chair and senior executive advisor to chair and CEO Jane Fraser. Mason plans to pursue leadership opportunities outside Citi by the end of 2026. His tenure at Citi also encompassed operational experience. According to people familiar with the matter, Mason’s long-term ambition is to become a CEO.
Luchetti has led U.S. Personal Banking since 2021 and joined Citi in 2006. At the recent 2026 Bank of America Securities Financial Services Conference, he discussed his career and global experience.
“I’ve worked in Latin America, in the U.S., in EMEA, in Asia Pacific,” said Luchetti, who described his background as Argentine American. “I lived for six years in Singapore, overseeing 18 markets in the retail bank and the broader consumer franchise. I saw digital develop in different countries and models and applied much of that in the last five years as head of U.S. Personal Banking.”
He has worked across businesses and functions, and at the local, regional, and global levels—starting in the private bank, then moving into wealth and the affluent franchise, and later overseeing the retail bank, unsecured credit cards, and secured mortgages.
“I think he is well equipped and armed to come in as our newly appointed CFO and continue the momentum,” Mason said on a media call last month. Citi (No. 21 on the Fortune 500) reported a profitable fourth quarter to close 2025.
Luchetti’s blend of operating experience, consulting, strategy, P&L leadership, and business‑unit CFO work reflects what many companies now look for in finance chiefs.
What boards want in CFOs now
The CFO role continues to evolve. Boards are seeking CFO candidates with demonstrated leadership beyond finance—particularly “operators” with enterprise-wide influence, according to Russell Reynolds Associates’ research.
Ten years ago, boards focused on controller backgrounds, deep accounting expertise, strong audit committee relationships, and FP&A rigor, Shawn Cole, president and founding partner of executive search firm Cowen Partners, recently told me. Now, he said, boards want CFOs who can lead technology transformation, manage geopolitical supply chain complexity, defend against activists, and navigate volatile capital markets—creating intense competition for a small pool of sitting CFOs with that modern skill set.
At the BofA conference, Luchetti highlighted mid-single digit growth in high-returning areas, like for Services and Wealth deposits and Cards and Wealth loans. Net interest income, excluding Markets, will be up 5%–6% in 2026. “We’ll talk about this at length at Investor Day,” Luchetti said. “Very clearly for us, the biggest objective this year is to deliver what we committed to, which is the 10% to 11% RoTCE [Return on Tangible Common Equity].”
His top priorities as he enters the role are twofold: “Number one, drive consistent, higher returns; and two, pursue excellence in execution.” He said it starts with durability: strong risk and control practices, a solid balance sheet, and ample liquidity, so performance is sustainable over time. In U.S. Personal Banking, that foundation helped Citi deliver 13 straight quarters of positive operating leverage and move returns from 5.5% RoTCE in 2024 to the mid‑teens in the back half of the year, Luchetti noted.
As CFO, he said, he will focus on clear accountability and execution—doing what Citi says it will do, acting early on risks, and maintaining urgency—combined with a “beginner’s mindset” to keep pushing for higher, sustainable returns.
In elevating Luchetti, Citi is effectively betting that the next era of value creation will be led by operator-CFOs.
Sheryl Estrada
sheryl.estrada@fortune.com
Leaderboard
Brian Piper was named EVP and CFO of Sana Biotechnology, Inc. (NASDAQ: SANA). Piper brings more than 25 years of experience. He was previously CFO of Scorpion Therapeutics until its acquisition by Eli Lilly in 2025, and thereafter served as CFO of Antares Therapeutics following its spin-off from Scorpion. Before that, he was CFO of Prelude Therapeutics, a publicly traded biotech company. Earlier in his career, he served as CFO of Aevi Genomic Medicine and spent 13 years at Shire Pharmaceuticals.
Vic Pierni was appointed CFO of Xsolis, a healthcare technology company. He brings more than 25 years of experience. Most recently, he served as CFO of Uniguest, a global digital technologies SaaS provider. Previously, he was CFO of Loftware, an enterprise supply chain SaaS company. Earlier in his career, Pierni held CFO and senior executive roles at Global Capacity and Verivo Software.
Big Deal
KPMG’s recently released Q4 2025 Credit Markets Update finds leveraged finance ended 2025 strongly, creating a borrower‑friendly start to 2026 but with clear medium‑term risks.
New‑issue leveraged loan volume reached about $709 billion in 2025, up from roughly $661 billion in 2024, the second‑highest level since 2021, while high‑yield issuance rose about 16% to more than $330 billion, driven largely by refinancing and a more dovish stance by the Federal Reserve. Refinancing still accounted for 44% of activity, but new‑money LBO and M&A deals led overall volume as the long‑anticipated M&A rebound emerged.
KPMG expects tight spreads, declining base rates, and an issuer‑friendly backdrop to keep capital costs low and support deal flow into early 2026, though data-dependent monetary policy means negative surprises in jobs or inflation could curb further easing.
Going deeper
“Airbnb CEO says AI is ‘the best thing that ever happened to’ his company—he warns other founders: ‘If you don’t disrupt yourself, someone else will’” is a Fortune article by Emma Burleigh.
Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky says AI has been instrumental to the success of his $73.5 billion short-term rental company. Now, the billionaire founder is telling other business leaders that the tech isn’t just a plus, it’s a necessity. Read more here.
Overheard
“It’s the biggest transformation opportunity in retail. That was really appealing to me.”
—Hillary Super, CEO of Victoria’s Secret & Co., told Fortune in an interview. The company brought her on in fall 2024, after its various rebrands were widely dismissed and sales were falling. She had previously served as global CEO of Anthropologie and, more recently, as CEO of rival lingerie brand Savage X Fenty. When she joined Victoria’s Secret, Super said she was “keenly aware of what the perceptions of the brand were, positive and negative,” but was ready to take on a challenge.
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