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Mississippi Choctaw dictionary project helps tribe preserve language

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Mississippi Choctaw dictionary project helps tribe preserve language


The United States government removed Jason Lewis’ ancestors from Choctaw tribal land twice. The family had left Mississippi more than 200 years ago, when the federal government forced most of the Choctaw Nation to relocate to Oklahoma after pressuring tribal leaders to sign the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek in a clearing in Mashulaville on Sept. 27, 1830.

Chief Pushamataha had spent years in negotiations with the government for compensation for the theft of Choctaw land. But when the chief died suddenly in 1824 during a lobbying trip to Washington, the government’s consistent pressure won. The tribe lost nearly all of its land and 90% of the state’s Choctaw population was forced to march west on the Trail of Tears, enduring food shortages, disease and death.

The government moved Lewis’ family again from their home in Oklahoma to California in the 1940s as a result of the federal relocation program.

Lewis’ father was the first in the family born in California.

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“I was born in Los Angeles, (but) I’ve always known that I’m Choctaw,” Lewis told the Mississippi Free Press on Nov. 3. “My dad, you know, always kept that part of my identity present, but his father was the last person in our family to speak the language. It wasn’t passed on to my dad.”

Lewis became interested in learning the language. At 21, he listened to recorded lessons in the language but still found it challenging to grasp it. In 2009, he decided to move to Mississippi.

“I knew that (this is) the only place where (the language) actually exists, spoken every day,” Lewis said. “I can go to the grocery store near here. I can go to a church. I can go to the government office, and somebody is going to be speaking the language there. That’s only possible in Mississippi. So that’s why I moved here, to start learning the language.”

Lewis now works in cultural content development with the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians’ Choctaw Tribal Language Program’s Department of Chahta Immi.

“Now I’m helping keep it alive for future generations, and it’s pretty cool,” Lewis said.

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Mississippi’s only federally recognized Indigenous tribe unveiled a new online language resource in early September. The Choctaw Dictionary Project “is a digital resource designed to support language learners of all levels and encourage more daily use of the Choctaw language, both in the workplace and at home.” The dictionary includes more than 5,000 words, but it goes beyond mere word lists and definitions. It also includes both recorded and translated stories and histories.

‘Over 200 years, a lot can happen’

Driving through the dense pine trees in the eastern region of the Magnolia State, or in the flat plains of the Mississippi Delta region, motorists encounter many signs they recognize are not common English. The state has many towns and counties whose names are derived from the Choctaw language, like Tupelo, Oktibbeha, Tougaloo and far more.

Many similar words can also be found in southeastern Oklahoma, where the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma resides today after relocating there on the Trail of Tears with those remaining behind forming the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. Printed language materials that exist today are now considered “old Choctaw” or Oklahoma dialect because the Choctaw ancestors who were forced to march on the Trail of Tears to Oklahoma brought the language of the time to the old Indian Territory.

Jason Lewis said that before this project, no one had documented the language of the descendants of the Mississippi Choctaw who resisted removal in the 1830s. During the removal, missionaries who were trying to record the language followed tribal members to Oklahoma. There, they published two or three dictionaries between 1850 and 1915, he said. However, that language varied from the traditional language spoken in the Magnolia State.

“The Oklahoma Choctaw have had a writing system since 1815. But basically, the Mississippi Choctaw (language) did not get written down, and it has evolved since 1830,” Lewis told the Mississippi Free Press on Nov. 3. “You know, over 200 years, a lot can happen. A lot can change. It’s very difficult for speakers today in Mississippi to find the words that they say represented in the dictionaries of the past.”

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Since 2019, the Tribal Language Program’s Department has been working to collect stories, develop a consistent set of symbols to represent sounds, and define a system for spelling the various tenses and meanings of similar words.

Choctaw Tribal Language Program Director DeLaura Saunders said preserving the language is important with the youngest members of the tribe not using or hearing the language daily.

“So part of our mission is to make sure that we provide language resources, provide this online dictionary, and provide story books or language recordings so that they (will) be able to hear and pronounce the sounds of the chapter language,” she said.

‘The voice of the ancestors’

Mobile-Washington County Band of Choctaw Indians and American Indian Movement Alabama Treasurer Melissa Weaver said she is excited to see another resource that would help with the tribe’s project of establishing a school for Indigenous children of Alabama. She said it would include cultural exhibitions and lessons for those wanting to learn the languages of the tribes that lived in the southeastern region, including Choctaw.

“I’m excited that it will be available to our Choctaw students attending AIM School for Indigenous Children next fall,” Weaver said in a Sept. 24 statement.

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“Our Chahta Annopa (Choctaw Language) is a living tradition of who we are as a tribe, and with it, the voices of our ancestors,” Weaver continued. “Speaking Chahta is not just about communicating or conversing; it is a way of honoring our homelands and carrying forward the resilient Chahta legacy.”

The National Endowment for the Humanities awarded the MBCI a grant in 2020. The grant was a significant boost to the project. However, as the department was nearing completion of the dictionary, the Trump administration terminated the $17,000.

“We were unable to archive the interviews and transcriptions because that funding was canceled,” Jason Lewis said on Nov. 5. “Nor were we able to pay for the final website launch, which was supposed to include a voice search function, trained to recognize Choctaw. So, we are still seeking funds to archive the project outputs and pay for the completion of the website.”

He told the Mississippi Free Press that the tribe is working to raise $10,000 to apply as a cash match to a $20,000 grant from the Mississippi Humanities Council’s America 250 Mississippi Grants program, due on Feb. 1, 2026. Lewis said the Choctaw Tribal Language Program can accept donations at P.O. Box 6010, Choctaw, MS, 39350.

The tribe plans to continue to add words, interviews and stories to the resource as funding allows. The department is continuing to transcribe interview recordings, stories and add accumulated words.

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MBCI Tribal Chief Cyrus Ben highlighted the depth and importance of the Tribal Language Department’s work in recording the language.

“Our language is not just a means of communication; it is the living spirit of our identity, our stories, our traditions, and our connection to the land and ancestors,” he said in a Sept. 8 statement. “Preserving the tribal language is vital to preserving who we are as a people.”

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By TORSHETA JACKSON and ROGER D. AMOS/Mississippi Free Press Mississippi Free Press. This story was originally published by the Mississippi Free Press and distributed through a partnership with The Associated Press.

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Penn State adds Mississippi State punter transfer Nathan Tiyce

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Penn State adds Mississippi State punter transfer Nathan Tiyce


Penn State went from having no punters on its 2026 roster to having a pair in a matter of days. Incoming Navy All-American specialist Lucas Tenbrock arrived in Happy Valley to move in for the spring semester, and the Nittany Lions have also added a punter through the transfer portal. 

Former Mississippi State punter Nathan Tiyce visited Penn State on Friday, and BWI has learned that he will be joining the Nittany Lions for the spring. He’s enrolled at University Park and set to begin classes this week. 

The 6-foot-5, 230-pounder from Gerringong, Australia, was a 25-year-old freshman for the Bulldogs last season. A product of ProKick Australia, Tyice spent two years at Tocal College and five years working on a farm before coming to the United States last year. He played rugby for his local club, the Gerringong Lions, before suffering an injury. He then joined ProKick for a trial after discovering American Football and committed to Mississippi State just before Christmas in 2024. 

Tiyce was part of a battle for the starting job in Starkville in 2025, eventually losing the full-time gig to Ethan Pulliam. Pullium went on to average 46.76 yards per punt and earn a second-team All-American nod from The Sporting News. Tiyce was used in situational roles, mostly as a pooch punter. He punted 12 times for a 39-yard average with a long of 54. Of those 12, two went over 50 yards and seven ended up inside the 20-yard line. He had one touchback and five punts resulted in fair catches. 

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Penn State set for reset at punter in 2026

With Gabe Nwosu and Riley Thompson both exhausting their eligibility after the 2025 season, Penn State will need to add two punters ahead of next fall. Tenbrock flipped to the Nittany Lions from Iowa State after Matt Campbell made the switch. He’s the No. 5 punter nationally according to the Rivals Industry rankings.

Despite his age, Tiyce is in a similar situation to Thompson’s at Penn State. He is still sophomore-eligible with three years left to play. He and Tenbrock will compete through the spring and into the preseason. 



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Arson suspect arrested after blaze at historic Mississippi synagogue

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Arson suspect arrested after blaze at historic Mississippi synagogue


A suspect has been taken into custody after a historic synagogue in Mississippi was badly damaged in a fire that authorities described on Sunday as an arson case.

According to officials, the blaze broke out shortly after 3am Saturday at Beth Israel Congregation in Jackson. No one was hurt in the fire.

Images from the scene revealed blackened debris in an administrative office and the synagogue’s library, where multiple Torah scrolls were either destroyed or damaged. Members and leadership of the synagogue have pledged to restore the building.

Jackson’s mayor, John Horhn, said a suspect was taken into custody after an investigation involving the FBI and the joint terrorism taskforce.

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“Acts of antisemitism, racism, and religious hatred are attacks on Jackson as a whole and will be treated as acts of terror against residents’ safety and freedom to worship,” Horhn said in a statement. He did not identify the suspect or say what charges might be filed.

Beth Israel Congregation is the largest synagogue in Mississippi and the only one located in Jackson. It was previously targeted in a 1967 Ku Klux Klan bombing linked to the congregation’s involvement in civil rights efforts, according to the website.

This photo provided by Beth Israel Congregation shows damage sustained during a fire on Saturday in Jackson, Mississippi. Photograph: AP

“We are thankful no one was injured, but this wasn’t random vandalism – it was a deliberate, targeted attack on the Jewish community,” Jonathan Greenblatt, CEO of the Anti-Defamation League, said in a statement.

Michele Schipper, CEO of the Institute of Southern Jewish Life and a former president of the congregation, told the Associated Press that the synagogue is still evaluating the extent of the damage and has received messages of support from other faith communities.

Schipper said one Torah that survived the Holocaust was protected behind glass and was not harmed by the fire. Five Torahs kept in the sanctuary are being checked for smoke damage, while two Torahs in the library, the area that suffered the most destruction, were destroyed.

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Soot coated the sanctuary’s floors, walls and ceiling, and the synagogue will need to replace carpeting and upholstered furnishings.

“We are devastated but ready to rebuild, and we are so appreciative of the outreach from the community,” said Schipper.

Jewish Federations of North America issued a statement describing the incident as an arson attack and saying the organization was “horrified and angered at the arson attack against Mississippi’s Jewish community”.

“The Jewish community is resilient and will not be intimidated. We will continue to work with law enforcement and our elected officials to ensure we can live our lives safely and Jewishly,” the organization added.



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This river cruise made the American Deep South feel all-inclusive

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This river cruise made the American Deep South feel all-inclusive


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  • The Viking Mississippi offers cruises along the Mississippi River, exploring cities like Natchez, Vicksburg, and Greenville.
  • Onboard experiences reflect the region’s culture with local music, cuisine, and historical lectures.
  • Fares are largely inclusive, covering meals, drinks, Wi-Fi, and at least one shore excursion per port.

During my first visit to Natchez, Mississippi, I covered nearly 200 years of history in a few hours.

A shore excursion on my nearly week-long cruise aboard Viking Mississippi took me from Magnolia Hall, an 1858 Greek Revival and Italianate mansion, to the Stratton Chapel Gallery – home to photographs of Natchez dating back to the mid-1800s – behind First Presbyterian Church. Our shuttle bus then stopped by the Proud to Take a Stand monument, honoring residents who were incarcerated following a Civil Rights demonstration, before dropping my tour group back at the bank of the Mississippi River – and I still had an entire afternoon to explore.

The tour was one of several complimentary excursions I took during my early December sailing. The ship, which is Viking’s only river vessel based in the U.S., offers an easy and almost entirely inclusive way for guests to see the American South. Here’s what to know.

Where does Viking Mississippi go?

My cruise – the eight-day Mississippi Delta Explorer itinerary – traveled from New Orleans and ended in Memphis, Tennessee (though I boarded late in St. Francisville, Louisiana). I spent my days exploring small cities along the way, both on my own and under the tutelage of knowledgeable guides at each stop.

During my free time in Natchez, I trekked up a hill and through town to Wishes Sweets & Eats, where I snagged one of the last snickerdoodles before perching on a bench along the Natchez Bluff Walking Trail to enjoy views of the river (and Louisiana across the water).

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The following day in Vicksburg, low water required the ship to stop at an alternate landing outside of town. The river’s fluctuating levels can impede cruise ships, but Viking Mississippi has a flat bottom that allows it to keep moving even when the river is shallow.

I hopped on a complimentary Viking coach for a roughly 20-minute ride to browse the shops on Washington Street. On a fairly sunny, 58-degree day, I grabbed a latte at Highway 61 Coffeehouse and browsed Lorelei Books, which had exposed brick and a large selection of regional titles, from Mark Twain’s “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” to “Rising Tide” by John M. Barry, which details the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927.

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The city is also home to the Vicksburg Civil War Museum and the Biedenharn Coca-Cola Museum (the soda was first bottled in Vicksburg in 1894), which guests can visit during their stop. After returning to the ship for lunch, I boarded another shuttle for an excursion to Vicksburg National Military Park, the site of a key battle during the Civil War, where a guide detailed the events via loudspeaker.

Before arriving in Memphis, we made one last stop in Greenville. There, singer-songwriter and Mississippi Music and Culture Ambassador Steve Azar shared his love of his hometown, hosting a banquet-style concert at E.E. Bass Cultural Arts Center. The event featured a catered lunch of crispy hush puppies, catfish, smoked chicken and more – with Mississippi Sherin Sauce on the table, while Azar and others told stories between songs. The building also housed a 1901 Armitage Herschell Carousel, which guests could ride after the show.

What is the ship like?

The 386-guest ship was purpose-built for the region, evident in its design. A mural at the forward stairs displays passages from “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,” for example, and the ceiling of the central Living Room mimics the frets on a guitar in a nod to the area’s musical heritage (married with the signature Scandinavian look of Viking’s other ships).

Fittingly, there was live music onboard. Memphis-based musician, Memphis Jones – an apt moniker – welcomed passengers to Tennessee with two nights of shows, featuring his take on hits from Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash and more. There was also a communal record player, allowing guests to spin records from artists such as Elvis Presley and Robert Pete Williams.

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There was plenty of other onboard programming, including trivia, cooking and cocktail demonstrations, and seminars related to the visited regions. A lecture on slavery and Mississippi’s efforts to secede from the Union was particularly impactful.

The cuisine also reflects the ship’s destination. On cruises that start out in New Orleans, guests can expect to see more French, Cajun and Creole fare, while barbecue is likely to be on offer as the vessel nears Memphis.

I enjoyed every meal I had onboard and developed a particular fondness for The Grill on Deck 5, an outdoor venue open for lunch and dinner with made-to-order steaks, seafood and more. I visited several times and the burger – juicy and well-seasoned – was the best one I’ve had in recent memory. The pumpkin praline cheesecake from the adjacent River Café was another highlight.

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Despite its relatively small size, the ship – which began sailing in 2022 – felt spacious with wide hallways and luxurious touches, such as complimentary espresso machines and heated bathroom floors in the cabins. The service felt pampering, too: When I arrived with a large suitcase, a crew member offered me a golf cart ride down a steep hill to board the ship. Another day, when guests returned to the vessel from an outing, the staff had mulled wine waiting for us.

How much do Viking Mississippi cruises cost?

Viking Mississippi’s available cruises – ranging from eight to 22 days long – currently start at $3,499 per person based on double occupancy, according to the cruise line’s website. The fares cover lodging; meals on board; drinks such as house wines, beer and soft drinks; at least one shore excursion in each port; Wi-Fi; entertainment and more.

I grew up in Middle Tennessee, just three hours from Memphis, but by the morning of disembarkation, I felt like I’d undergone a five-night history and culture immersion session – with comfortable beds and really good cocktails. I learned something new every day of the cruise, and found myself wondering why it took me so long to make the trip.

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The reporter on this story received access to this event from Viking. USA TODAY maintains editorial control of content.

Nathan Diller is a consumer travel reporter for USA TODAY based in Nashville. You can reach him at ndiller@usatoday.com.



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