Health
Not all fiber is created equal — doctors share which kinds truly support longevity
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Fiber is known to be a crucial part of a healthy diet, promoting fullness and gut health.
As trends like “fibermaxxing” make high-fiber eating more popular, understanding the best sources is increasingly important for individual health, according to nutritionists.
Longevity expert Peter Attia, a Stanford University physician based in Austin, Texas, spoke about how fiber aligns with a healthier lifestyle in a sneak peek of his newest “Ask Me Anything” episode of “The Peter Attia Drive” podcast.
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People who engage in a beneficial habit, such as eating a high-fiber diet, tend to do “many other healthy things,” according to the doctor.
“They might be exercising more, they’re much less likely to smoke, they’re probably getting more sleep,” he said. “You are very likely to be capturing other healthy habits when you’re trying to simply measure one thing.”
As trends like “fibermaxxing” make high-fiber eating more popular, understanding the best sources of fiber is increasingly important for individual health, according to nutritionists. (iStock)
For this reason, it can be difficult to “disentangle” fiber’s specific effects, Attia said, since people who eat more fiber also tend to consume other beneficial plant nutrients and make generally healthier lifestyle choices.
Different types of fiber
Different types of fiber are known to function differently in the body, according to Attia.
“There are lots of things that are classified as fiber, [and] a wide range of physical properties that a particular fiber might have, but these different properties produce different effects on the body,” he said.
“Some fibers provide primarily microbiome support because they’re actually fermented by gut microbiomes. Some fibers can improve blood sugar … and others simply bulk up stool.”
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Soluble fiber dissolves in water, while insoluble fiber does not — and each type plays a different role in digestion.
Insoluble fiber includes vegetables, the skin of fruits, whole grains and bran, according to Attia. It will remain “largely intact” as it moves through the digestive system, adding stool bulk, reducing constipation and supporting regular bowel movements.
Insoluble fibers are not fermented by gut bacteria, but they stimulate the gut lining to release water and mucus, which “dilutes toxins in the colon” and speeds up “intestinal transit,” the doctor said.
Vegetables typically contain more fiber than other options, according to the doctor. (iStock)
Most soluble, or viscous, fiber can absorb water and create a gel in the gut, which can lead to slower gastric emptying, reduce blood sugar spikes and potentially lower cholesterol levels, according to Attia.
Some examples of soluble fiber include pectin (found in fruits), beta-glucan (found in whole oats) and psyllium husk, which is a plant most often consumed as a supplement.
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Some soluble fibers belong to a subgroup called fermentable, or prebiotic, fibers. These fibers are broken down by gut bacteria to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) — compounds such as butyrate that help support gut health, regulate pH, improve metabolism and reduce inflammation, according to various studies.
“My mantra is ‘baby steps’ whenever I introduce fiber … a little at a time goes a long way.”
Fermentable fibers are found in foods like beans, pectin and inulin, as well as in prebiotic sources such as onions, garlic, asparagus and chicory root. They’re also present in certain resistant starches, including green bananas, legumes, and cooked, starchy foods like potatoes, rice and pasta.
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Resistant starches, while fermentable, are not soluble, Attia noted. They are categorized into several types:
- RS1: Found in whole grains, seeds and legumes
- RS2: Found in raw potato starch, unripe bananas and maize (corn) starch (commonly used in fiber supplements)
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In most diets, a mix of fiber types is consumed. Plant-based foods — especially those with skins, along with oats, beans and legumes — tend to be the richest sources, Attia shared.
Beans don’t contain any single comitant fiber, but are high in fiber overall, said Attia. (iStock)
Benefits of high-fiber diets
Some key benefits of a high-fiber diet include satiety and weight management, glycemic control, cardiovascular health and colorectal cancer prevention, Attia said.
Robin DeCicco, a certified holistic nutritionist in New York, shared with Fox News Digital in a previous interview that increasing fiber intake can be “quite beneficial.”
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“Everything from gastrointestinal health to cardiovascular health, weight management, prevention of diabetes and certain cancers, to feeling fuller throughout the day and minimizing cravings for sugars and starches, are all major benefits of fiber intake,” she said.
“Not all fibers do the same things, and they don’t all do them equally well,” the doctor said. (iStock)
As health is individualized, DeCicco warned that those with pre-existing gastrointestinal conditions could experience complications by introducing too much fiber at once.
“If your system is not used to fiber, and you start to overload, you can easily become bloated, get cramps and have constipation,” she said.
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It’s “easier on the stomach” to spread it out, since fiber can bulk up in the stomach and cause a back-up, according to DeCicco.
“This is why it’s especially important to incorporate fiber slowly,” she said. “My mantra is ‘baby steps’ whenever I introduce fiber to any client. A little at a time goes a long way toward long-term health.”
Health
Melissa Joan Hart dropped 20 pounds by cutting two things in her ‘longevity journey’
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Cutting two simple things from her diet helped Melissa Joan Hart shed nearly 20 pounds, she revealed in a recent interview.
The actress, best known for her roles in “Clarissa Explains It All” and “Sabrina the Teenage Witch,” lost about 18 pounds after cutting sugar and alcohol as part of what she described as a “longevity journey,” she told People earlier this month.
“I just wanted to feel better. It had nothing to do with losing weight,” Hart, 49, said at Aerosmith frontman Steven Tyler’s Grammy viewing party Feb. 1 in Los Angeles.
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“I really didn’t think I could lose weight anymore, being in midlife and perimenopause.”
Hart shared details of her weight loss while attending Steven Tyler’s Grammy viewing party. (Robin L Marshall/Getty Images)
Weight gain during perimenopause and menopause is common, according to the Mayo Clinic, as hormonal changes, aging and lifestyle factors slow metabolism and shift fat toward the belly. But staying active, maintaining a healthy diet, limiting added sugars and alcohol and prioritizing sleep can help minimize weight gain in midlife, experts say.
Hart said her main focus was on improving how she felt, and it has worked.
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“I actually feel stronger and better than I have in a really long time,” she said.
Melissa Joan Hart says cutting sugar and alcohol helped her lose nearly 20 pounds. (Araya Doheny/Getty Images for Janie’s Fund)
Hart said it began by working out more intensely and paying closer attention to her lifestyle. In the process, she discovered intermittent fasting and decided to eliminate sugar and alcohol.
She added that giving up alcohol was an easy decision.
“I just don’t even enjoy drinking. So why bother?” Hart said. “So, I cut these things out of my life, and I started to feel better. And in doing that, I lost a lot of weight and kind of feel great.”
Cutting back on added sugar and alcohol can reduce excess calorie intake and lower the risk of weight gain, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, liver damage and certain cancers, while supporting better overall metabolic health, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The actress said she began working out more intensely and paying closer attention to her lifestyle. (Chad Salvador/Variety via Getty Images)
Hart also shared that staying hydrated has been a challenge for her over the years, joking that her husband, musician Mark Wilkerson, notices her dislike for drinking water.
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“My husband says when I drink a glass of water, I make a face like it’s the most disgusting thing on earth,” she said. “I’m sipping on it, like, ‘Eww.’”
Hart, seen above in St. Lucia in 2024, said she “just wanted to feel better.” (John Parra/Getty Images for Sandals Resorts)
Instead, the mom of three said she often reaches for club soda with lime or tea.
“I’ll do hot tea, cold tea, green tea, peppermint tea — any kind of tea,” she said.
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Hart, who turns 50 in April, joins other celebrities who have recently credited cutting alcohol and other lifestyle changes for improved health and weight loss, according to reports.
More celebrities say they are cutting back on alcohol and sugar. (iStock)
Last year, Russell Crowe said cutting back on alcohol played a major role in his 57-pound transformation, and “Queer Eye” star Jonathan Van Ness has also spoken out about cutting down on booze and focusing on overall health.
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Country singer Jelly Roll has credited long-term wellness and mental health support for his dramatic weight loss, while Matt Damon recently said cutting certain foods, including gluten, helped him slim down for film roles.
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Health
Archaeologists uncover evidence of early brain surgery on 9th-century man
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Archaeologists have unearthed evidence of what may be the world’s first surgery: a Viking-age human skull with a portion removed.
The remains, belonging to a man between 17 and 24 years old, feature an oval hole roughly 3 centimeters in diameter. Experts believe the man lived during the ninth century, according to reporting by SWNS.
The man likely underwent trepanation, an ancient surgical procedure where a hole is bored into a living person’s skull to treat conditions like migraines or seizures.
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University of Cambridge students discovered the remains last year during a training dig at the Wandlebury Iron Age hill fort.
The discovery is notable not just for the surgery, but for the man’s physical stature. Standing 6 feet, 5 inches tall, he towered over the average male of the era, who typically stood 5 feet, 6 inches, per SWNS.
The mass grave was discovered at the Iron Age hill fort in Wandlebury. (Cambridge Archaeological Unit/Da / SWNS)
“The individual may have had a tumor that affected their pituitary gland and caused an excess of growth hormones,” said Dr. Trish Biers, curator of the Duckworth Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, in the report.
“We can see this in the unique characteristics in the long shafts of their limb bones and elsewhere on the skeleton.”
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Biers noted that such a condition would have increased intracranial pressure and caused severe headaches. The trepanation was likely an attempt to alleviate that pain, a goal that is “not uncommon with head trauma today.”
A skull was discovered with a hole in it at the Iron Age hill fort in Wandlebury. (Cambridge Archaeological Unit/Da / SWNS)
A puzzling burial site
The burial site itself presented a grim mystery. The mass grave contained a mix of complete and dismembered bodies, including a cluster of skulls and what researchers described as a “stack of legs.”
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Four complete skeletons were unearthed, some in positions suggesting that they had been tied up.
Four complete skeletons were unearthed, some in positions suggesting that they had been tied up. (Cambridge Archaeological Unit/Da / SWNS)
Most appeared to be young men thrown into the pit without care, leading archaeologists to suspect that the site marks the aftermath of a skirmish, battle or mass execution.
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“Those buried could have been recipients of corporal punishment, and that may be connected to Wandlebury as a sacred or well-known meeting place,” Oscar Aldred of the Cambridge Archaeological Unit told SWNS.
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“It may be that some of the disarticulated body parts had previously been displayed as trophies and were then gathered up and interred with the executed or otherwise slaughtered individuals.”
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