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Poetry Challenge Day 2: Learning a Poem's Rhythm

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Poetry Challenge Day 2: Learning a Poem's Rhythm

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If you’re joining us in memorizing Edna St. Vincent Millay’s “Recuerdo” this week, you probably already have the first two lines stuck in your head. (If you’re just discovering the Poetry Challenge, please check out yesterday’s introduction. It’s never too late to start!)

We were very tired, we were very merry 

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We had gone back and forth all night on the ferry. 

Ken Burns, filmmaker

Once you’ve got these, you’ve learned a third of the poem, since this repeating couplet functions as a mini-chorus at the start of each stanza.

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That refrain tells the story in a nutshell. But this poem is more than just a report on one night on the ferry. It recreates the voyage through a flurry of sensory details, embedded in strikingly stylized language.

Those features — the imagery and the sound; what your mind’s eye sees and your physical ears hear — are what make “Recuerdo” a poem, and paying attention to how they work can help us learn it.

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“Recuerdo” is a whole mood. Weary and buoyant, the poem captures how it felt to be on that boat. You can see the sky turning color as the morning air breezes up.

And the sky went wan, and the wind came cold, 

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Joy Harjo, poet

You can taste the fruits of the voyage.

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And you ate an apple, and I ate a pear, 

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Tia Williams, novelist

Strain your ears just a little, and you can make out the sounds of boats in the harbor.

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And the whistles kept blowing, and the dawn came soon. 

Kevin Kwan, novelist

These impressions — and the vividness of Millay’s language — can help anchor the poem in your mind. But the secret to fixing it in your memory is to learn its structure, to listen to the musical patterns of its language.

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Poetry is older than writing, and many of its features originated as aids to memory in an oral, pre-literate culture. It’s easier to find the word you’re looking for if you know it sounds like the other words around it. Rhyme, alliteration and rhythm are not only pleasing to the ear; they’re sticky.

Each line of “Recuerdo” is a poetic wave that breaks on the shore of a rhyme.

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It was bare and bright, and smelled like a stable 

But we looked into a fire, we leaned across a table, 

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Reginald Dwayne Betts, poet

Rhyme is just one of the ways poets use repeating sounds to make their work memorable. Alliteration is another, and the English language has a fondness for it that goes back to its earliest literature. In the part of the poem we just heard, clusters of consonants in the middle of the lines knot them together and help you hold on to them.

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It was bare and bright, and smelled like a stable 

But we looked into a fire, we leaned across a table, 

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Ayad Akhtar, playwright and novelist

The poem’s individual words and syllables bob like a string of harbor buoys. Every line is propelled by the cadence of stressed and unstressed syllables. Our ears hear four heavy beats.

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We were very tired, we were very merry 

We had gone back and forth all night on the ferry. 

Jennifer Egan, novelist

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This pattern of rhythm and sound — four-beat lines yoked in rhyming pairs — is a familiar one in English. You may have encountered it before you could read, depending on your exposure to Dr. Seuss:

Every Who down in Who-ville liked Christmas a lot

But the Grinch, who lived just north of Who-ville, did NOT!

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Dr. Seuss, “How the Grinch Stole Christmas!

Songwriters are fond of it, including Joni Mitchell:

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Rows and floes of angel hair

And ice cream castles in the air.

Joni Mitchell, “Both Sides Now

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If you paid attention in English class, you might know it from Andrew Marvell:

Had we but world enough and time

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This coyness, lady, were no crime.

Andrew Marvell, “To His Coy Mistress

As these examples suggest, there’s a lot of variation within the basic pattern — longer or shorter lines, snappy or languorous pacing, playful or wistful emotional effects. Every voice will find its own music. This isn’t math or science, it’s art.

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The variation is partly a matter of meter. This is the most technical part of poetry, with its own special jargon, but it’s also intuitive and physical — it lives in the bobbing of your head or tapping of your foot as you read.

A foot, as it happens, is what a unit of meter is called, and while most English poems (including “Recuerdo”) have varying feet, many have one that dominates, keeping time like a bass drum. In this poem, Millay often places her strong beats after two unstressed syllables: da-da-DUM. But like any good poet, she achieves both consistency and variety. In some lines, the syllables land like hammer blows:

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And the sky went wan, and the wind came cold, 

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V. E. Schwab, novelist

In others they spatter like raindrops:

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We hailed, Good morrow, mother! to a shawlcovered head, 

Jenna Bush Hager, TV host and noted book lover

Words are more than sounds and syllables. They communicate emotion and meaning. The words in “Recuerdo” form a bouquet of arresting images and sensations, an experience that will be different for each reader. And even though, for the purposes of memorization, we have pulled apart some of the components of the poem, you can’t really separate sound from sense, or feeling from structure. They all happen at the same time, and work together to create something that resists summary. The poem is its own explanation.

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What does a bucketful of gold look like to you? What face do you see when the shawl-covered head turns to acknowledge your greeting? As you answer these questions, you take possession of the poem. It becomes part of you.

Today’s game will help with that process. See how many of its words you already have!

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Your task for today: Practice the rhythm.

Question 1/3

Fill in the missing words.

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It was bare and bright, and smelled like a stable 

But we looked into a fire, we leaned across a table, 

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Tap a word above to fill in the highlighted blank. Need help? Click “See Full Poem
& Readings” at the top of the page.

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Edited by Gregory Cowles, Alicia DeSantis, Nick Donofrio and Joumana Khatib. Additional editing by
Emily Eakin, Tina Jordan, Laura Thompson and Emma Lumeij. Design and development by Umi Syam and
Eden Weingart. Additional design by Victoria Pandeirada. Video production by Caroline Kim.
Additional video production by McKinnon de Kuyper. Photo editing by Erica Ackerberg. Illustration
art direction by Tala Safie.

Illustrations by Hannah Robinson.

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Audio of “Recuerdo” from “Edna St. Vincent Millay in Readings From Her Poems” (1941, RCA); accompanying
photograph from Associated Press.

Culture

Judith Barnard, of Best-Selling ‘Judith Michael’ Fame, Dies at 94

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Judith Barnard, of Best-Selling ‘Judith Michael’ Fame, Dies at 94

Judith Barnard, a freelance writer who stumbled on a second career as a best-selling author at 50, when she teamed with her husband, Michael Fain, a onetime aerospace engineer, to publish a potboiler novel under the pen name Judith Michael, died on May 6 in Chicago. She was 94.

Her death, at a hospital near her home, was caused by heart failure, her daughter, Cynthia Barnard, said.

Combining their first names to create the pseudonym Judith Michael, the couple published 11 commercially successful novels over the years, starting with “Deceptions,” an out-of-nowhere hit, in 1982.

Equal parts romance and thriller, “Deceptions” concerned identical twin sisters — Sabrina, a globe-trotting socialite living in London, and Stephanie, a suburban Illinois housewife — whose fleeting experiment with swapping lives proved to be less fleeting than expected.

Entertaining, yes. A Kirkus review called it “a strenuously inventive, big-budget” romance.

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High literature? Not so much. The same review described the book as “glossily seamless nonsense” but noted its potential as fodder for a TV movie — an observation that proved prescient when NBC adapted it in 1985 as a two-part mini-series with Stefanie Powers, of “Hart to Hart” fame, playing the twins.

Then again, their plan had never been to give Thomas Pynchon a run for his money.

Ms. Barnard had already taken a stab at a literary career, publishing her first novel, “The Past and Present of Solomon Sorge,” in 1967. An introspective tale about a Midwestern university professor whose wife of 30 years abruptly abandons him, the book sold only a few thousand copies, leading Ms. Barnard to turn to freelance work on educational films and textbooks, as well as writing articles for Chicago magazines and newspapers.

Her literary horizons expanded after she married Mr. Fain, her second husband, in 1979. “We were looking for something we could do together,” she recalled in a 1991 interview with The Chicago Tribune. “Michael had written technical articles and liked the process but hadn’t found a field he was happy in.”

They began by writing articles about marriage and family for newspapers and magazines, including Good Housekeeping and Redbook. “We had such a good time working together that one day Michael said, ‘Enough of this! Why don’t we write a book?’” Ms. Barnard recalled in a 1999 interview with The Ledger of Lakeland, Fla.

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“Deceptions” concerned identical twin sisters whose fleeting experiment with swapping lives proved to be less fleeting than they expected.Credit…Simon & Schuster

With “Deceptions,” they discovered a winning formula that they employed with many of their following books — what they called universal fantasies, about ordinary, if strong-willed, people who, by a stroke of fate, escape a quotidian existence to taste a life of wealth and adventure, only to face unforeseen challenges along the way.

In “Possessions” (1984), for example, a Vancouver mother of two, whose shady businessman of a husband vanishes, begins a glamorous new life as a jewelry designer in San Francisco, only to fall in with the wealthy family that he had concealed from her.

Similarly, in “Pot of Gold” (1993), a Connecticut housewife must learn for herself whether more money really does mean more problems after she wins a $60 million lottery.

Like their characters, Ms. Barnard and Mr. Fain found their lives transformed by unexpected success. As novel after novel climbed the best-seller lists, they traveled the world to research their books and divided their time between a spacious 16th-floor apartment overlooking Lincoln Park in Chicago and a second home in Aspen, Colo.

The couple’s 1993 novel told the story of a Connecticut housewife who wins a $60 million lottery.Credit…Poseidon

Also like their characters, they learned that success can be complicated — in their case, because it required juggling the usual pressures of marriage with the inevitable Lennon-McCartney-style tug of war that comes with creative collaboration.

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As Ms. Barnard told The Ledger, “It’s very difficult to have a working relationship with this person who you think has done really dumb things that day and is going to be in your bed.”

Judith Goldman was born on Feb. 17, 1932, in Denver, the elder of two children of Samuel Goldman, who owned a shoe store, and Ruth (Eisenstat) Goldman.

After her parents divorced when she was a child, her mother married Harry Barnard, a prominent historian and biographer, and moved with her children to Chicago.

The family temporarily relocated to Ohio when she was in high school, and she graduated from Fremont Ross High School in 1949. She earned a bachelor’s degree in English from the Ohio State University in 1953. The same year, she married Jerre Papier, an electrical engineer. They divorced in 1970.

She met Mr. Fain by chance at a hospital, where both were visiting his ailing mother, a friend of Ms. Barnard’s. “Bittersweet times, as Michael’s mother was dying and we were falling in love,” she told The Ledger.

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Once the couple decided to bet on a publishing career, there was no turning back. “We burned all our bridges, both quit our jobs, lived on our savings for one year,” Ms. Barnard said in a 1997 interview with The Oklahoman newspaper of Oklahoma City.

The couple’s 1984 novel focused on a Vancouver mother of two who reinvents herself after her husband, a shady businessman with a hidden past, vanishes.Credit…Simon & Schuster

“We didn’t know how hard it would be,” she added. “We just thought it would be wonderful to work together. And it was, after a while.”

In addition to her daughter, Ms. Barnard is survived by Mr. Fain; her son, Andrew Sharpe; five grandchildren; and a brother, David Barnard.

It helped that the couple adhered to a strict division of labor. After what could be months of plotting and laying down a basic outline together, Ms. Barnard then did the writing, while Mr. Fain served as the editor.

“He’s a superb one,” she said in a 1988 interview with The Houston Chronicle. “And sometimes a harsh critic.”

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Each book might require five or six drafts, with endless fiddling. When the inevitable disagreements arose, Mr. Fain, an amateur photographer, would disappear into his darkroom to cool off, he told The Ledger, while Ms. Barnard headed to the kitchen to “knead bread and take out her aggressions.”

Then again, their shared career also proved a marital blessing.

As Ms. Barnard once put it, “It probably kept us married because we always had a book to finish.”

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Closed-Door Romance Books That Will Make You Swoon

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Closed-Door Romance Books That Will Make You Swoon

As a lifelong fan of romantic comedies, my list of favorite “sweet” romances is extensive.

Not because I have a spice aversion — but because the rom-coms I love most, with that classic cinematic vibe, often come with fewer peppers on the spice scale.

Some people refer to these books as “closed door.” I prefer to think of them as “in the hall” romances (though that admittedly doesn’t roll off the tongue quite the same way). The reader is there for all the swoon, the burn and the banter — but when things head to the bedroom, the reader remains out in the hallway. With less focus on what happens inside the boudoir, all that juicy heightened tension and yearning really shine. Here are a few of my favorites.

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Book Review: ‘Seek the Traitor’s Son,’ by Veronica Roth

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Book Review: ‘Seek the Traitor’s Son,’ by Veronica Roth

SEEK THE TRAITOR’S SON, by Veronica Roth


I read Veronica Roth’s new novel for adults, “Seek the Traitor’s Son,” over one weekend and had a hard time putting it down, and not just because I was procrastinating on my house chores.

There’s much about the novel one would expect from Roth, the author of the Divergent series, one of the hottest dystopian young adult series of the 2010s. Thematically, the novels are similar. Like “Divergent,” this new book is also set in an alternate, dystopian version of our world; it is also packed with vivid, present-tense prose full of capitalized labels to let you know that something different is going on; and it also centers on a classic “Chosen One” who is burdened by the mantle of savior she carries.

These are classic tropes, but I, like many other genre fiction fans, enjoy that familiarity. Still, I’m always hoping for a subversion, a tornado twist that sucks me into imagination land.

In “Seek the Traitor’s Son,” our Chosen One is Elegy Ahn, the spare heir of the most powerful woman in Cedre. Elegy likes her life, even if it’s filled with danger. See, some time ago, a virus took over the world. The contagion is strange: Everyone who is infected dies, but 50 percent of the people who die come back to life with mysterious cognitive gifts.

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After the outbreak, Earth split into two factions: The dominant Talusar, who worship the Fever, believe it is a divine gift, willingly infect themselves with it and consider anyone who does not submit to it a blasphemer; and Cedre, a small country made up of everyone who rejects the virus and the dogma around it. They are, naturally, at war.

Early in the book, Elegy, solidly on the Cedre side, and Rava Vidar, a brutal Talusar general, are summoned by an order of prophets who tell them: One of you will lead your people to victory over the other, and one of the deciding factors involves an unnamed man whom Elegy is prophesied to fall in love with.

Elegy doesn’t want this. But the prophecy spurs the Talusar into action, and so her mother assigns her a Talusaran refugee as a knight and forces her into the fray as the Hope of Cedre.

If that seems like a lot of setup, don’t worry. That’s just the first few chapters. Besides, if you know those dystopian novel tropes, you’ll get the hang of it. Roth gets through the world exposition quickly, and after a rather jarring time skip, the plot takes off, effectively and entertainingly driving readers to the novel’s exhilarating end.

The strength of “Seek the Traitor’s Son” is Roth’s character work. Elegy is a dynamic heroine. She has a lot to lose, and she leads with love, which is reflected in the intense grief she feels for the people she’s lost in the war and the life the prophecy took from her. It’s love that makes her stop running from her destiny and do what she thinks is right to save the people she has left.

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Many authors isolate their characters to back them into bad decisions, so it’s refreshing that Roth has given Elegy a community to support her. Her sister Hela in particular is a treat. She’s refreshingly grounded, and often gives a much needed reprieve from the melodrama of the other characters’ lives. (She has an important subplot that has to do with a glowing alien plant, but the real reason you should pay attention to her is that she’s funny, loves her sister so much, has cool friends and listens to gay romance novels.) Hela and Elegy’s unwavering loyalty to each other casts a positive illumination on both characters.

My favorite character is Theren, Elegy’s knight, who is kind and empathetic to everyone but himself. As the obvious romantic lead, his character most diverges from genre standard because of the nuanced depiction of his trauma. He has been so broken by his experiences that he thinks what he can do with his body is all he can offer, and it’s worth nothing to him.

But like I said, I need subversion, and for all the creative world-building, I didn’t quite get it. The most distinct part of the novel was the setting and structure of alternate Earth, as well as the subcultures born from that setting. But after ripping through the novel, I found that those details didn’t provide nourishment for thought, and the general handwaviness of the technology and history of Earth was distractingly easy to nitpick.

I am a greedy reader, so I want my books to have everything: romance, action, an intellectual theme, novel ideas about the future, and character development. “Seek the Traitor’s Son” comes close. The novel is the first in a series, and I’m willing to hold my reservations until I read the next book. Elegy and Theren are worth it.


SEEK THE TRAITOR’S SON | By Veronica Roth | Tor | 416 pp. | $29

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