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Readers’ questions answered: I am 79 years old. How should I invest?

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Readers’ questions answered: I am 79 years old. How should I invest?

Navigating our money lives can be messy.

The myriad decisions we make every day about good money habits, where to invest, and how to balance saving and paying down debt are no easy lift.

I regularly hear from readers asking for advice about their own situations and challenges.

The following is an edited sample of readers’ questions and my answers.

I am 79 years old. How should I invest?

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Retirees should typically hold at least five, if not 10, years’ worth of living expenses in a combination of cash and high-quality bonds. That will provide protection against needing to dip into your stock investments if things head south. The yields on bonds and cash may not be party-worthy right now, but they’re still respectable. In fact, many certificates of deposit and high-yield savings accounts are paying around 4.75%.

In general, you should aim for a more conservative mix of investments as you get older so you don’t have to get queasy when the stock market slips and slides. To roughly determine what percentage of your portfolio should be in stocks, subtract your age from 110. So, as a 79-year-old, you should have just under a third of your investments in stocks and the rest in bonds and cash.

I have two children (twins) who are 29 years old and neither is very savvy when it comes to managing money. My daughter is a good saver but my son, who is a doctor, cannot save a dime. They both acknowledge their lack of financial understanding. I was wondering if there are courses or books you would recommend.

You hit a pain point felt by many Americans, not just your children. American adults are woefully behind when it comes to financial literacy.

Most of us never were exposed to financial education growing up.

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Although it’s too late for your adult children to have had that grounding, this oversight is morphing in a positive direction for today’s students — 35 states now require high school students to take a course in personal finance to graduate, up from 23 in 2022, according to the Council for Economic Education.

Another book I applaud is Jonathan Clements’ “How to Think About Money.” “We want to seize control of our finances, so we have more control over our lives,” he writes. The goal, he notes, isn’t to get rich. “The goal is to have enough money to lead the life we want.”

Finally, Benjamin Graham’s classic, “The Intelligent Investor,” is still the “best book about investing,” according to Warren Buffett. The third edition is now out.

There are also a number of free online courses via platforms such as Coursera or edX. Some recent offerings include: Financial Planning for Young Adults, available from the University of Illinois, and Finance for Everyone: Smart Tools for Decision-Making, taught by University of Michigan professors.

Podcasts, too, are entertaining and educational. Right here on Yahoo Finance, there’s “Financial Freestyle” with Ross Mac. Others to check out: Jordan Grumet’s “Earn and Invest” and Morningstar’s “The Long View.”

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I am 73, single, retired from my public service work last year, receiving a pension. I have collected Social Security since age 70, and started taking out Required Minimum Distributions from my 457(b) and traditional IRA accounts this year. But I am still working part time with a different employer (no pension, no retirement plan), receiving a W-2.

Am I still qualified to put $8,000 pre-tax money into an IRA account for the year 2024? (The gross income from my part-time job is more than $8,000.) Is there an income limit for traditional IRA deductions in my situation?

Congrats on waiting until age 70 to turn on your Social Security checks. That means you will have the biggest possible amount moving forward compared to starting them back at your full retirement age.

By pushing back tapping your benefits from your IRA until age 70, you earned delayed retirement credits. Those came to roughly an 8% annual increase in your benefit for each year until you hit 70 when the credits stopped accruing.

Read more: What is the retirement age for Social Security, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals?

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Source: Social Security Administration

Now, as for those contributions, you sure can contribute. There is no age restriction on making regular contributions to traditional or Roth IRAs.

A traditional tax-deductible IRA, if you’re not covered by a retirement plan at work, has no income restrictions. If you expect to be in a lower tax bracket in the next few years, the immediate tax deduction and pushing back that tax bill makes sense. Although you’re already taking your RMDs, new contributions can whittle down your taxable income.

But if you’re already in a low tax bracket, I would consider a Roth IRA.

Contributions to a Roth IRA aren’t deductible. They’re made with after-tax dollars, so you don’t report the contributions on your tax return, but you can take money and any earnings out tax-free if you hold the account for at least five years.

How much you can set aside does depend on your total income. For tax year 2024, your modified adjusted gross income limit for single filers is $146,000 with a reduced amount up to $161,000. For 2025, the income limit for contributing is between $150,000 and $165,000.

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Since RMDs are never required in Roth IRAs, this is a great way to keep on saving.

For the 2024 tax year, the maximum contribution is $7,000, or $8,000 for those 50 or older who take advantage of the $1,000 catch-up contribution. That’s you. And you can contribute to a 2024 IRA until the April 15 tax filing deadline in 202 5 .

I need to purchase a car at the end of April 2025. I’m saving for a down payment between now and then so I can take out a lower loan amount. I’m also paying down my debt so my credit score increases, helping me with a better interest rate on my loan. I don’t seem to be making much progress on either. Which of the two do you recommend concentrating on more?

If you can put the brakes on buying a car for a bit longer, do it. I recommend focusing on slashing your debt. I’m not sure what kind of debt you’re whittling down, but if your interest rate is sky-high, you have to take control of that first.

Raising your credit score takes time, and adding new debt is not your best option if you can hold off on that big purchase.

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Read more: 10 tips to improve your credit score in 2025

To get the best loan for a car, you’ll probably need a sizable savings for a down payment, which can be as much as 20% for a new car. (Getty Creative)
To get the best loan for a car, you’ll probably need a sizable savings for a down payment, which can be as much as 20% for a new car. (Getty Creative) · Maskot via Getty Images

If you are paying off revolving credit card debt that keeps rolling over month to month, it’s daunting. The average credit card interest rate is over 20%. That’s pretty hard to get out from under without some real elbow grease. You need to pay much more than your minimum monthly amount to make a dent.

Your debt level is a big factor in your credit score calculation. The higher your credit score, the lower your annual percentage rate (APR) will be on your car loan. The average auto loan interest rate for new cars in the third quarter of 2024 was 6.6%, while the average used car loan interest rate was 11.7%, according to Experian’s State of the Automotive Finance Market report.

Folks with excellent scores — 800 and higher — can find rates as low as 5.25% for new car loans, but that can triple for borrowers with poor credit scores, according to Experian research.

There are a few schools of thought on how to pay down your current debt. With the so-called avalanche method, you pay off debt with the highest interest rate first. Other people opt for the snowball method, which involves focusing on smaller debts first. I am in the avalanche school, but whatever works best for you matters.

Other moves to kick up your score: If you know you’re going to buy a new car, for instance, don’t open new credit card accounts, or close accounts. You need to show that you know how to manage credit by paying balances on time. Never miss a payment or due date. All it takes is one late payment to smash your score and make lenders cautious.

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In addition to your credit score, other factors contribute to your interest rate, such as the lender and the length of the loan, which brings us back to saving up a bigger down payment.

I feel your frustration. To get the best car loan, you’ll probably need sizable savings for a down payment, which can be as much as 20% for a new car and closer to 10% for a used one. So saving up is critical, but in my experience, getting your debt under control and your credit score cleaned up has to come first.

Thanks to the readers who felt comfortable sending along your questions. Keep ’em coming.

Kerry Hannon is a Senior Columnist at Yahoo Finance. She is a career and retirement strategist, and the author of 14 books, including “In Control at 50+: How to Succeed in The New World of Work” and “Never Too Old To Get Rich.” Follow her on Bluesky.

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How Natura &Co Is Transforming Finance with Generative AI on SAP S/4HANA

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How Natura &Co Is Transforming Finance with Generative AI on SAP S/4HANA

For a company navigating one of the most consequential transformations in its history, financial clarity is not optional—it is essential. Natura &Co, the Brazilian personal care and cosmetics group behind iconic brands such as Natura and Avon, has long been committed to combining purpose-driven business with commercial performance. After a period of strategic portfolio reshaping, including the divestiture of its Aesop and The Body Shop holdings, the company is now sharpening its focus on profitability and operational excellence across Latin America and global markets.

At the center of that effort sits a deceptively complex challenge: understanding, in real time, which revenue and cost factors are driving or eroding gross margin across a highly diversified business. For years, answering that question meant manual reporting, delayed insights, and finance teams spending valuable time on data gathering rather than analysis.

That’s now changing, thanks to a co-innovation initiative developed together with SAP and Numen, a global SAP partner specializing in digital transformation and enterprise software implementation.

From manual reporting to proactive decision intelligence

An enterprise AI platform built for your business

The project’s goal was to replace a labor-intensive gross margin analysis process with a generative AI application embedded directly into Natura &Co’s financial workflows. Built on SAP Business AI Platform, SAP’s unified foundation integrating business technology, data, and AI capabilities, the application connects directly to data in SAP S/4HANA to provide finance teams with automated insights and narrative recommendations in real time, without the need for manual data pulls or offline reporting.

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The application enables users to explore revenue, cost, and margin drivers interactively, identifying at a glance which elements are protecting or eroding margin performance across markets and product lines. Crucially, human oversight remains central to the design: the AI application generates insights, while finance professionals retain full control over interpretation and decisions.

“The implementation of gross margin analysis using AI in SAP S/4HANA marked an inflection point in the analytical capability of our finance area,” said Rogério Dias Garcia, tech manager, ERP Latam, Natura &Co. “We overcame delays and raised the standard of insights by integrating margin analysis from SAP S/4HANA with a large language model connected via the SAP AI Core layer. This architecture allowed us to provide, in an agile, secure, and completely anonymous manner, a stratified and precise view of gross margin offenders and protectors—discriminating exactly which revenue or cost elements were driving market performance.”

A collaborative architecture for scalable AI adoption

Natura &Co’s application derived from a prototype SAP partner Numen created in early 2024 at SAP’s global Hack2Build on business AI, leveraging the generative AI capabilities of SAP Business AI Platform. The solution was designed and developed through close collaboration between Natura &Co, Numen, and SAP. From the outset, the approach was to align AI adoption with concrete business priorities, ensuring the application would be scalable and production-ready rather than a standalone prototype.

Numen brought deep SAP implementation expertise to the project, combining knowledge of SAP S/4HANA architecture with hands-on experience in building solutions on SAP Business AI Platform. The technology stack—SAP S/4HANA, SAP AI Core, SAP Fiori, and SAP Business Technology Platform—provided the secure, integrated foundation needed to connect financial data with generative AI capabilities in an enterprise context.

“SAP enabled the transformation by providing the technological foundation and expert support,” said Carlos Aravechia, head of Data Design & Intelligence at Numen.

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The success of the project has validated a broader conviction at Natura &Co: that generative AI, embedded directly in ERP workflows, can fundamentally reposition finance from a transactional function to a strategic business partner.

A blueprint for other businesses

The Natura &Co project demonstrates a pattern that other organizations can replicate, particularly those running SAP S/4HANA. The combination of structured ERP data with the contextual reasoning capabilities of large language models creates a foundation for decision intelligence that goes well beyond traditional business intelligence tools.

The project was built within a six-month co-innovation sprint and went live in August 2025. It is currently in use across Natura &Co’s Equador operations.

Looking ahead, Natura &Co is already planning the next phase: integrating Joule Agents to further automate the extraction of standard analytical content and deepen the AI-driven optimization of financial processes.

“The success of this initiative validates the transformative potential of embedded AI within our ERP,” Dias Garcia noted. “We are now ready to move forward—deepening these insights and integrating the capability of Joule Agents to maximize the extraction of standard content and further optimize our business decisions.”

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For SAP customers evaluating how to move from AI experimentation to AI in production, the Natura &Co project offers a concrete, replicable model: start with a high-value, well-defined business process, embed AI directly into existing workflows, and build in human oversight from the start.


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Low-income Chinese girl aces gaokao, inspires live-streamers offering help

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Low-income Chinese girl aces gaokao, inspires live-streamers offering help

A girl from a disadvantaged rural family in central China topped this year’s gaokao, attracting numerous live-streamers eager to finance her education, which she declined.

The home of 18-year-old secondary school graduate Han Yaping in a Henan province village was recently bustling with live-streamers.

This attention came after Han achieved an impressive score of 699 out of 750 in the gaokao, China’s national college entrance exam.

She has received offers from China’s two leading universities, Tsinghua University and Peking University.

Han’s accomplishment is particularly remarkable given her family’s impoverished circumstances.

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Her mother suffers from ankylosing spondylitis, an inflammatory arthritis affecting the spine, preventing her from working. Her father, who earns a living through farming and odd jobs, serves as the family’s sole provider. Han also has a younger sister.

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UK financial regulator publishes landmark AI review

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UK financial regulator publishes landmark AI review

The UK’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) published a landmark review on Monday that proposes recommendations to regulate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the financial decisions made by consumers.

The review, titled the Mills Review, anticipates that both consumers and firms will start delegating “more financial decision-making to AI systems,” including for agreements, initiating transactions, and executing decisions “within agreed parameters.” One of the key findings of the review outlined that while AI can help bridge advice gaps and “support growth,” there remain risks “associated with fraud, cyber security, and consumer harm.” Conducting the review, Sheldon Mills highlighted that “AI can also amplify risks: bias, discrimination, exclusion, opaque decision-making (particularly when multiple AI models interact), misleading or hallucinatory advice and erosion of consumer trust.”

The review stated that presently, one in five adults in the UK are “already open to AI making decisions for them,” particularly when decisions feel “complex or high stakes.” It found that roughly 26 percent of the population “trust general-purpose tools such as ChatGPT, Claude or Gemini for financial advice” with little awareness that such platforms provide no “formal routes to recourse” or protections.

Overall, the Mills Review identified four areas that it anticipates will be impacted by AI in the financial sector: “the transformation of firms,” “new consumer journeys,” “a reshaped competition landscape,” and “amplified financial crime and cyber risk.” The FCA projected the shift in how consumers and firms consult AI to take place by 2030.

The Mills Review put forth seven “priority” recommendations to be considered by the FCA Board. It recommended that any transitions to autonomous AI models be monitored and that regulatory frameworks and perimeters be adapted and secured. The review called for the strengthening of “system-wide coordination and oversight,” the scaling up of the FCA’s AI Lab to enable it to support AI models and innovation for agentic finance, and an “AI-enabled agentic supervisory model” to be built and adopted.   Finally, it recommended that a trusted “public-interest AI-enabled financial capability service” be developed.

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The FCA announced, in the press release, that it will launch an AI “good and poor practice publication” in late 2026.

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