Crypto
FBI probe reveals Turkey as key conduit for ISIS cryptocurrency funding – Nordic Monitor
Abdullah Bozkurt/Stockholm
The indictment of an American citizen, prosecuted for funding the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), has exposed how Turkey became a key conduit for illicit cryptocurrency transactions used to finance the jihadist group’s operations in Syria.
Mohammed Azharuddin Chhipa, a 35-year-old Virginia resident and naturalized US citizen originally from India, transferred over $188,000 to ISIS. The funds were used to help secure the release of ISIS fighters and their families in Syria, utilizing Turkish intermediaries and cryptocurrency.
In an affidavit submitted to U.S. Magistrate Judge Lindsey R. Vaala on May 4, 2023, FBI Special Agent Gary T. Marosy explained that funds sent to ISIS in Syria often followed this method through Turkish brokers. The money was transferred via cryptocurrency, a difficult-to-trace form of currency, to couriers in Turkey. These couriers would then convert the cryptocurrency into cash, which was secretly smuggled into Syria without leaving a trace.
Intercepted communications revealed that Chhipa’s contact in Syria advised him not to send money directly to Syria or elsewhere, but rather to route it through Turkey, where ISIS could safely collect the cash and redirect it to fund their operations in Syria.
Chhipa, an IT professional who has lived in the US since the age of four after his family emigrated from India, was flagged by the FBI in 2019. The law enforcement agency was alerted when a dozen social media accounts he managed began posting violent jihadist messages.
Affidavit submitted to U.S. Magistrate Judge Lindsey R. Vaala on May 4, 2023 by FBI Special Agent Gary T. Marosy:
Chhipa_affidavit_FBI
In a post dated March 18, 2019 he wrote: “The sword is a must. Jihad is a must. Nothing terrifies the enemies – the enemies of the Muslimin– nothing terrifies them like power, force and, weapons…Jihad is a brick and solid pillar of the Shari’ah…This din [religion] can not be established and firmly planted without jihad, ever.”
On the same day, in another post, Chhipa quoted Shaykh al-Allamah Humud Ibn Ulqa ash-Shu’aybi, a renowned radical Saudi cleric who was supportive of the Afghan Taliban and the September 11, 2001 attacks.
In a chat conversation on March 16, 2019 Chhipa said he would either end up in prison, engage in jihad by moving abroad or become a martyr by killing himself. In June 2019, during communications with a covert FBI-run social media account, Chhipa admitted his support for ISIS and expressed his desire to carry out an attack against what he referred to as infidels and hypocrites, hoping to die in the name of Allah.
Chhipa fled the country on August 2, 2019, believing he would be arrested following an FBI search warrant executed at his home. The US secured a blue notice through INTERPOL, requesting assistance in locating, identifying or obtaining information about him in connection with a criminal investigation. Chhipa was forced to return to the US before reaching Egypt, part of his planned multi-route escape through Mexico, Guatemala, Panama and Germany. He was detained near the Mexican-Guatemalan border and deported to the US by Mexican authorities on August 16, 2019.
The FBI uncovered a cache of evidence during the search, which included instructions for building a bomb, PDF copies of the ISIS publication Dabiq and photos depicting beheadings and armed ISIS fighters.
After returning to the US without facing charges, Chhipa believed he was in the clear and resumed his activities on behalf of ISIS. He frequently communicated with British ISIS women living in Syria who were funding ISIS fighters and assisting in the escape of their family members from the Al Hawl camp (also known as Al Hol).
The camp was established in 2016 to house Iraqis and Syrians fleeing ISIS-controlled areas. By March 2019 over 50,000 women and children had settled in a special section of the camp known as the annex, following the final defeat of ISIS by the US-led coalition. The annex is guarded by Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) fighters, who are reportedly open to bribes to allow ISIS family members to escape the camp.
The annex continues to serve as a stronghold for ISIS ideology, operating under strict Islamic sharia law similar to that of ISIS. The SDF is considered a terrorist organization by Turkey due to their alleged ties to the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), which is designated as a terrorist group by the US, the EU and Turkey.
Beginning in November 2019, Chhipa started depositing cash into his Apple Federal Credit Union bank account, converting the funds into cryptocurrency through service providers Coinbase and Binance, and sending them to Turkey.
The FBI’s analysis revealed that over $18,000 was sent to cryptocurrency wallets associated with ISIS women in Syria, $61,000 went to wallets located in Turkey, and more than $60,000 remains unaccounted for.
US Government’s Memorandum in Support of Pre-Trial Detention for Mohammed Azharuddin Chhipa, an ISIS Suspect:
US_attorney_motion_for _detention_ISIS-suspect
In a communication obtained by the FBI, an ISIS member advised Chhipa never to send money directly to her, but rather through Turkey. “Never sent directly to me it[’]s always sent to [T]urkey and then secretly sent to me with no tracks,” she wrote, prompting Chhipa to reply by saying that “I know how it works.”
The FBI used several covert accounts to communicate with Chhipa and his ISIS contact in Syria through what is known as FBI Controlled Persona (FBICP), which refers to accounts operated by undercover agents or confidential human sources. This communication was instrumental in deciphering the scheme Chhipa was running for ISIS.
In late April 2023 the FBI placed Chhipa under close surveillance, which he noticed, prompting him to attempt to flee the country for a second time. He received tips from an unidentified person with a German phone number on how to avoid detection. When he withdrew $8,000 in cash from his bank account, the FBI concluded that he was planning to escape.
Chhipa was arrested by the FBI on May 4, 2023 on an arrest warrant charging him with providing material support to ISIS, a crime that carries a potential penalty of up to 20 years in prison and possibly a lifetime of supervised release. He was detained pending trial on May 10, 2023.
During a May 2023 hearing, Assistant US Attorney Anthony Aminoff revealed that Chhipa had a relationship with Allison Fluke-Ekren, an American ISIS member from Kansas who is currently serving a 20-year sentence. Fluke-Ekren pleaded guilty in 2022 to organizing and leading Khatiba Nusaybah, a battalion where approximately 100 women and girls were trained in the use of automatic weapons, grenades and suicide belts. The two married through an online encounter, and Chhipa had been attempting to adopt Fluke-Ekren’s children.
Chhipa’s case underscores how the government of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan appears to tolerate ISIS activities in and through Turkey, rather than genuinely cracking down on the terrorist network. Official figures indicate that only about one in four ISIS detainees is arrested during arraignment in Turkish courts, effectively creating a revolving door policy for ISIS suspects.
Many ISIS suspects who were arrested are later released during trial hearings, and very few actually receive convictions and serve prison time. The Turkish government avoids disclosing how many ISIS members have been convicted, despite parliamentary inquiries from opposition parties.
For years, the Erdogan government turned a blind eye as ISIS moved fighters, funding and logistical supplies through Turkey. During 2015-2016, Turkish intelligence agency MIT reportedly contracted the ISIS network in Turkey to carry out a series of violent bombings to further a political agenda and help the Erdogan government maintain power amid increased terrorist threats during election cycles.
Crypto
1 Cryptocurrency to Buy While It’s Under $80,000
Key Points
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Investor pessimism toward the digital asset market has driven this top cryptocurrency 40% off its record high from last October.
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History reveals that fiat currencies often end in collapse, paving the way for this innovative monetary asset to find greater adoption across the global economy.
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Besides being electronic, scarcity and neutrality support this cryptocurrency’s value proposition.
It hasn’t been an enjoyable time if you have money tied up in cryptocurrencies. After the market’s valuation peaked at $4.4 trillion in October, we’ve witnessed a downward spiral that has resulted in that figure plummeting to $2.6 trillion today (as of April 17).
On the other hand, the S&P 500 index climbed 5% during the same time. It’s completely understandable if people want to forget about digital assets. They aren’t the easiest to hold; it’s hard to handle the volatility.
Will AI create the world’s first trillionaire? Our team just released a report on the one little-known company, called an “Indispensable Monopoly” providing the critical technology Nvidia and Intel both need. Continue »
However, a monster opportunity is staring investors in the face. Here’s the cryptocurrency to buy right now, especially since it trades under $80,000.
Image source: Getty Images.
It usually doesn’t end well for fiat currencies
It’s time to shine the spotlight on Bitcoin(CRYPTO: BTC), the world’s first and most valuable cryptocurrency, with a market cap of $1.5 trillion. Bitcoin is a decentralized monetary network that was built to allow anyone in the world to transfer value to anyone else anywhere in the world without the use of an intermediary. It was a technological breakthrough at the time. And it still is today.
To understand the enormous importance of a completely novel monetary network to emerge, one that’s digital, immutable, and not controlled by anyone, it requires looking at the past. Fiat currencies, like the U.S. dollar, have a troubled history.
Since President Richard Nixon ended the convertibility of U.S. dollars to gold in 1971, the world economy has operated on government-backed, or fiat, currencies. The U.S. dollar has been the global reserve currency.
But the track record is impossible to ignore. Fiat currencies often end in collapse. Before the U.S. dollar’s current reign, it was the British Pound sterling. Over time, inflation decreases purchasing power, sometimes rapidly.
Is the writing on the wall for the U.S. dollar? Persistent fiscal deficits in the U.S., an ever-expanding debt burden that’s nearing $40 trillion, loss of public confidence and trust, and political instability are all clear signs that cracks in the system are forming.
While unsustainable things can go on for much longer than people anticipate, perhaps it’s only a matter of time before the U.S. dollar’s dominance comes to an end. And Bitcoin appears well-positioned to be a winner from this development.
The history lesson naturally leads to Bitcoin
After gaining more knowledge about the history of fiat currencies, investors will figure out the best ways to allocate capital to maintain and grow their purchasing power over the next decade. High-quality stocks, particularly in businesses that possess pricing power, present one idea. Real estate and commodities are also interesting if you have expertise in these areas.
Gold also comes to mind. It might not be a coincidence that the precious metal’s price doubled in the past two years. Those in charge of large pools of capital might be considering some of the variables that I just discussed, leading them to direct money toward an asset that has been viewed as a top store of value for millennia.
I believe, however, that Bitcoin is the best bet if you think there’s even a tiny chance that the U.S. dollar will collapse as its predecessors did.
Bitcoin is superior to gold, in my opinion. It’s purely digital, while also being divisible, allowing people to transact with it. It’s borderless and portable. And it’s finite, with a hard supply cap of 21 million units. It makes sense that a neutral monetary asset would succeed, or at least rise alongside, the U.S. dollar’s run. Individuals, corporations, financial institutions, and governments should gravitate toward the supreme cryptocurrency.
And that supports a much higher price a decade from now, with the upside even bigger on a longer time horizon. With Bitcoin trading 40% off its peak, at a price that’s under $80,000 right now, investors have the opportunity to buy what could end up being the dominant financial instrument in the economy one day.
Should you buy stock in Bitcoin right now?
Before you buy stock in Bitcoin, consider this:
The Motley Fool Stock Advisor analyst team just identified what they believe are the 10 best stocks for investors to buy now… and Bitcoin wasn’t one of them. The 10 stocks that made the cut could produce monster returns in the coming years.
Consider when Netflix made this list on December 17, 2004… if you invested $1,000 at the time of our recommendation, you’d have $524,786!* Or when Nvidia made this list on April 15, 2005… if you invested $1,000 at the time of our recommendation, you’d have $1,236,406!*
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Neil Patel has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Bitcoin. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
Crypto
Arthur Hayes Warns Bitcoin May Stall Until Liquidity Returns
Key Takeaways:
- Arthur Hayes ties bitcoin’s outlook to global liquidity, with upside dependent on policy-driven liquidity.
- Geopolitics create a bearish setup as war risk, deleveraging, and AI-driven stress weigh on markets.
- Liquidity injections could lift bitcoin once credit stress forces intervention.
Bitcoin Outlook Hinges on Liquidity
Arthur Hayes’ latest market note, titled “No Trade Zone,” signals that bitcoin’s outlook is increasingly tied to global liquidity conditions rather than traditional macro indicators. On April 15, the Bitmex co-founder and Maelstrom CIO outlined a cautious stance, citing geopolitical tensions and artificial intelligence-driven economic risks as key constraints. The essay presents BTC as vulnerable in the short term but positioned to respond to future monetary expansion.
Hayes centered his outlook on monetary conditions rather than conventional valuation models. He asked, “Do you believe the quantity or the price of money is more important when valuing bitcoin?” He then answered with a direct thesis:
“I believe the quantity of money determines the price of bitcoin, not its price.”
That view underpins his broader market framework, which expects bitcoin to struggle during periods of forced deleveraging, then strengthen when policymakers expand credit. He tied that dynamic to several geopolitical outcomes involving the Strait of Hormuz, as well as to a domestic economic slowdown driven by job losses among white-collar workers. In Hayes’ view, those pressures could hit credit quality, weigh on banks, and delay any durable crypto rally until authorities supply fresh liquidity to stabilize the system.
War Risk and Credit Stress Threaten Rally
That caution appears clearly in one of the essay’s most specific forecasts. “ Bitcoin might bounce a bit after the situation reverts to the pre-war status quo,” Hayes wrote. “However, the AI agentic deflation bomb still ticks below the surface. Until the Fed provides the liquidity needed to plug the black hole in banks’ balance sheets caused by consumer credit defaults, bitcoin will not meaningfully rise.” He further shared:
“That’s not to say it couldn’t spike to $80,000 to $90,000, but for me putting new units of fiat at risk requires an all-clear from the Fed.”
The statement shows that he still sees upside potential, but not before broader financial stress is addressed.
Hayes also warned that market stress could produce another sharp bitcoin selloff before any recovery takes hold. “As investors de-risk their portfolios because of higher volatility and lower prices, investors sell bitcoin to meet margin calls,” he described, adding: “Only when things get bad enough will bitcoin rise, as expectations of a bailout become the consensus.” In the most extreme scenario, even a liquidity-fueled rally may not last. As Hayes put it: “The rally in bitcoin, inspired by money printing, might be short-lived because the destruction of the Iranian state materially raises the prospect of WW3.” Taken together, the essay presents a conditional forecast: near-term volatility remains high, while any lasting upside still depends on crisis-era money creation.
Crypto
Chainalysis Details ‘Shadow Crypto Economy’ Exposure as Grinex Suspends Operations
Key Takeaways:
- Chainalysis flags Grinex swaps as inconsistent with typical law enforcement seizures.
- Tron-based conversions show illicit actors avoiding stablecoin issuer intervention.
- Grinex activity does not clearly align with patterns of a conventional external hack.
Grinex Shutdown Raises Questions About Crypto Laundering Tactics
Sanctions pressure continues to test the resilience of crypto networks tied to restricted financial activity. Blockchain intelligence firm Chainalysis on April 17 examined Grinex after the sanctioned exchange suspended operations. The review described the shutdown as a new stress point for infrastructure tied to sanctions evasion.
Grinex claimed a cyberattack cost about 1 billion rubles, or $13.7 million, and published the source and destination addresses involved. Chainalysis then assessed the transfers using on-chain data rather than relying on the exchange’s narrative. The analysis found that the stolen assets were mainly a fiat-backed stablecoin before being moved through a Tron-based decentralized exchange into TRX.
“In the case of the alleged Grinex hack, the stablecoin funds were quickly swapped for a non-freezable token, thereby avoiding the risk of having the stablecoins frozen by the issuer,” the blockchain analytics firm stated, adding:
“This frantic swapping from stablecoins to more decentralized tokens is a hallmark tactic of cybercriminals and illicit actors attempting to launder funds before a centralized freeze can be executed.”
Chainalysis argued that this behavior does not fit a typical Western law enforcement seizure because authorities can request freezes from centralized stablecoin issuers. The firm instead said the rapid conversion raises questions about whether the activity aligns with a conventional external hack.
Shadow Crypto Economy Shows Deep Interconnected Structure
Those conclusions rest on more than the attack claim alone. Chainalysis noted that the decentralized exchange used in the swap had previously served Garantex, the sanctioned predecessor to Grinex, as a liquidity source for hot wallets. That detail is notable because Chainalysis has already described Grinex as the direct successor to Garantex after international enforcement disrupted the earlier platform. The company also tied Grinex to A7A5, a ruble-backed token issued by sanctioned Kyrgyzstani company Old Vector.
According to the analysis, A7A5 was built for a narrow Russia-linked payments ecosystem aligned with cross-border settlement needs under sanctions pressure. Chainalysis added that the exfiltrated funds were still sitting in a single address at publication time, leaving a live trail for future forensic review.
The broader takeaway was less about one theft than about the financial system surrounding it. Chainalysis observed that the episode is the latest disruption inside a “shadow crypto economy.” That phrase captured the firm’s larger conclusion that Grinex, Garantex, A7A5, and related services formed an interlinked network designed to keep value moving despite sanctions. Chainalysis further disclosed that it labeled the relevant addresses in its products to help customers identify exposure as the funds move downstream. Even without final attribution, the firm made clear that Grinex’s suspension damages a key channel within that sanctioned ecosystem.
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