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Undergrad Sues Harvard IRC After Removal Over $170,000 ‘Financial Stress Test’ | News | The Harvard Crimson

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Undergrad Sues Harvard IRC After Removal Over 0,000 ‘Financial Stress Test’ | News | The Harvard Crimson

Theo J. Harper ’25 sued the Harvard International Relations Council after he was temporarily removed from the group in December for redirecting $170,000 to an unofficial bank account over two months as part of a secret financial stress test unbeknownst to the IRC’s top leadership.

Harper’s legal action against the IRC comes after the group hastily voted to temporarily remove him from the organization during a board meeting on Dec. 22, less than one month after he sent an interim report on the stress test to top IRC leadership.

The account of how Harper managed to redirect $170,000 of the IRC’s funds and the decision to suspend him from the group is based on internal documents and interviews with five people who were granted anonymity to speak candidly about private IRC matters.

The exercise, and Harper’s lawsuit over his subsequent temporary ouster, laid bare deep-rooted tensions among the IRC’s board of directors over the organization’s financial management and complaints about a lack of transparency from top leadership.

‘For Seven Weeks Money Flowed Out’

In an attempt to internally expose the IRC’s own financial security flaws, on Sept. 29 Harper began quietly redirecting money intended for the group’s Bank of America deposit account to a Choice Financial Bank account created for the purposes of the financial stress test.

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Harper conducted the stress test directly in response to a former president of the Harvard Undergraduate Foreign Policy Initiative transferring approximately $30,000 from the organization to a personal bank account, according to two people with knowledge of the IRC’s governance. (Harper was HUFPI’s senior director of finance from January 2023 to January 2024.)

Harper wrote that the methods used for conducting the stress test “were legal and within the duties” of his role as a member of an internal strategy committee within the IRC known as the Board of Strategy and Social Impact, according to the interim report authored by Harper about the stress test.

The IRC, however, partially disputed Harper’s account in an emailed statement on Tuesday.

“His actions were not authorized by the Board of Directors,” the IRC wrote in the statement. “There was an investigation conducted by a third party.”

Harper declined to comment for this article.

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Harper gained access to the chief auditor’s account for the IRC’s online accounting platform and subsequently opened a new account with Choice Financial Bank — which is based in South Dakota — that was officially verified through the IRC auditor account, according to a copy of the report obtained by The Crimson.

The report stated that a financial stress test “to determine potential methods of attack as well as to observe officers’ responses, would be a helpful learning experience to plug holes in our defences and discover unknown risks.”

Between Sept. 29 and Nov. 20, around $170,000 was deposited into the separate bank account created by Harper, after which the funds were transferred back to the official account and full control over the accounts was restored.

It is unclear exactly when the IRC managed to fully restore access to the external account created by Harper.

Yulin Li, an external accountant hired by the IRC, first warned the IRC’s treasurer, Michael G. Baxter ’24, and the group’s chief auditor, Matas Kudarauskas ’25, about the breach in financial security on Oct. 20, when he asked for “more information” about a new bank.

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Li followed up about the new bank two additional times on Oct. 26 and Oct. 31, before Kudarauskas told Li on Nov. 1 that the IRC had “found no record” of the new account.

The IRC is a student-run umbrella organization that oversees undergraduate groups like Harvard Model United Nations and Harvard National Model United Nations and boasts a budget of nearly $1 million. Harper’s report alleged substantial gaps in the group’s financial security. By Julian J. Giordano

The report’s conclusions offered a fierce indictment of the IRC’s financial officers over their slow response to Li’s increasingly panicked emails and an alleged lack of transparency with the IRC’s board of directors.

“The lack of urgency displayed by the Treasurer and Chief Auditor was extremely concerning,” the interim report stated. “For seven weeks money flowed out of the IRC and they did nothing.”

“It took a month of panicked warnings for our external auditor as well as others to help them make the change,” the report added.

The IRC’s board of directors was only informed about the financial vulnerability following an email from Harper, despite his recommendation in the stress test report that top leadership inform the full board, according to a person with knowledge of the situation.

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“The lack of transparency with BoD is extremely concerning,”the report stated. “BoD needs to be aware of what is happening so it can assist with decision-making and take appropriate action to protect the organisation’s interests.”

‘My Illegal Removal’

Harper alleged that he suffered emotional damages over his ouster and demanded compensation for being unable to participate in several upcoming Model United Nations conferences, according to a Feb. 10 email obtained by The Crimson.

Founded in 1974, the IRC is a student-run umbrella organization that oversees undergraduate groups like Harvard Model United Nations, Harvard National Model United Nations, the Harvard International Review, and the Harvard Program for International Education. On its website, the IRC touts itself as a student-run nonprofit with an “annual budget of nearly one million dollars.”

In the Feb. 10 email, which Harper sent to IRC leadership and Associate Dean for Student Engagement Jason R. Meier, he requested $10,000 for emotional damages stemming from “my illegal removal” and an additional $5,500 for denial of involvement in HNMUN and HMUN Africa.

Harper was formerly a senior editor and director of digital media for the Harvard International Review and a committee director for Harvard Model UN and Harvard National Model UN.

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Harper alleged that his removal from the IRC was in breach of Massachusetts Law, pointing specifically to Massachusetts General Law Part 1 Title XXII Chapter 180 Section 18. The section states that corporations may not expel their members with less than a majority vote.

The IRC confirmed in a statement that its board voted to temporarily remove Harper as a member.

Harper’s small claims case against the IRC is for $7,000, the maximum amount for Massachusetts small claims.

The case, which was filed in Cambridge District Court on Feb. 19, is set to be heard on April 9.

In the email, Harper also wrote that all of his incurred legal fees will be charged to the IRC, per the organization’s by-laws.

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Harper additionally requested that the IRC and Dean of Students Office acknowledge his “illegal” removal and ensure full reinstatement.

The IRC wrote in their Tuesday statement that the investigation conducted by a third party into Harper’s behavior concluded on Monday. The group did not disclose any details about the conclusions of the investigation.

The group’s board of directors will “vote on the timeline to reinstate Harper as a general member in good standing” of the IRC by early March, according to the statement.

“The Board denies any liability to Harper relating to the allegations in his complaint,” the IRC wrote. “At all times, the HIRC cooperated with school officials and the DSO.”

A College spokesperson declined to comment on the lawsuit.

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—Staff writer Azusa M. Lippit can be reached at azusa.lippit@thecrimson.com. Follow her on X @azusalippit or on Threads @azusalippit.

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Solaris Names Steffen Jentsch to Lead Embedded Finance Platform | PYMNTS.com

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Solaris Names Steffen Jentsch to Lead Embedded Finance Platform | PYMNTS.com

Carsten Höltkemeyer, the firm’s CEO, stepped down at the end of 2025, the company said in its announcement last week. Steffen Jentsch, chief information officer and chief process officer for FinTech flatexDEGIRO AG, will take his place.

“Jentsch brings a proven track record in scaling digital financial platforms, along with deep expertise in regulatory transformation and digital banking solutions,” the announcement said.

Höltkemeyer is set to stay on in an advisory role. The announcement adds that Ansgar Finken, chief risk officer and head of its finance and technology area, is also stepping down, but will remain on in an advisory capacity.

Finken will be succeeded by Matthias Heinrich, former chief risk officer and member of flatexDEGIRO Bank AG’s executive board.

“I’m truly excited to join Solaris and lead the next chapter — one defined by durable growth built on regulatory strength and commercial execution,” Jentsch said.

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“Digital B2B2C platforms thrive when cutting-edge technology, cloud-native infrastructure, and strong compliance frameworks work seamlessly together. Solaris has been a first mover in embedded finance and has helped shape the market across Europe.”

The release notes that the leadership change follows SBI’s acquisition of a majority stake in Solaris as part of the 140 million euro ($164 million) Series G funding round last February.

The news follows a year in which embedded finance “moved from consumer convenience to business as usual,” as PYMNTS wrote last week.

During 2025, embedded payments, lending and B2B finance all demonstrated clear signs of maturity — especially when tied to specific verticals and workflows instead of being deployed as generic platforms. The most successful implementations were almost invisible, woven directly into the systems where users already worked, the report added.

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“The embedded finance revolution that transformed consumer payments is now reshaping B2 commerce — with far greater stakes,” Sandy Weil, chief revenue officer at Galileo, said in an interview with PYMNTS.

“In 2025, businesses are embedding working capital, virtual cards and automated workflows directly into their platforms, turning financial operations into growth engines.”

It was a year in which “buy, don’t build” became the overriding philosophy, the report added. Research by PYMNTS Intelligence in conjunction with Galileo and WEX spotlighted the way institutions prioritized speed and specialization over ownership, “outsourcing embedded capabilities rather than developing them internally.”

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3 stocks to watch in 2026

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3 stocks to watch in 2026
Looking to add some new stocks to your portfolio? Gibbens Capital president and chief investment officer Mark Gibbens has three suggestions. Find out what they are in the video above. To watch more expert insights and analysis on the latest market action, check out more Market Domination.
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