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NASA astronauts return to Earth after 9 months: How space changes the body

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NASA astronauts return to Earth after 9 months: How space changes the body

Nine months in space can permanently alter the body, leaving astronauts Sunita Williams and Barry Wilmore with possible long-term health effects.

It was a mission that lasted far longer than planned.

United States astronauts Sunita “Suni” Williams and Barry “Butch” Wilmore went to space on board the Boeing Starliner Calypso on June 5, 2024. They were meant to spend eight days on the International Space Station (ISS).

But as the spacecraft was approaching the station, its thrusters malfunctioned, and NASA ordered the astronauts to remain on the ISS while figuring out how to bring them back.

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That lasted nine months, or 288 days, making Williams and Wilmore two of the longest-serving NASA astronauts in space on a single mission.

Who has spent the longest time in space?

The ISS orbits at an altitude of 354km (220 miles), while the average distance to Mars from Earth is a staggering 225 million kilometres (140 million miles).

Astronaut Frank Rubio holds the record for NASA’s longest space mission, spending more than a year on the ISS.

The overall record for a single spaceflight belongs to Russian Valeri Polyakov, who spent 437 days on board the Mir space station.

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When did the SpaceX Crew-9 mission return to Earth?

The SpaceX Dragon spacecraft that carried Williams and Wilmore to Earth splashed down at about 5.57pm local time (21:57 GMT) off the coast of Florida, after undocking from the ISS at 05:05 GMT.

On board with Wilmore and Williams was Russia’s Roscosmos astronaut Aleksandr Gorbunov.

NASA provided live coverage of the lead-up to the splashdown.

INTERACTIVE NASA ASTRONAUTS HEAD BACK TO EARTH - MARCH 18 2025

Now back on land, the crew will have to adjust to being back on Earth, both physically and mentally.

How does living in space harm the body?

Spending months in microgravity is brutal on the body. Without the Earth’s gravitational pull, muscles shrink, bones weaken and bodily fluids shift.

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Astronauts lose muscle mass rapidly because they do not use their legs to support their weight. Their bones become fragile and they lose 1 percent of their bone mass per month – equivalent to an entire year of ageing on Earth.

Radiation is another major concern. Although the ISS is shielded by Earth’s magnetosphere, astronauts on missions lasting six months or longer receive more than 10 times the radiation than what is naturally occurring on Earth. Prolonged exposure is linked to higher cancer risks and potential cognitive decline.

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  • Body mass and fluids: Astronauts lose about 20 percent of their body fluids and about 5 percent of their body mass while in space.
  • Muscle: Microgravity causes muscle atrophy, but exercise for two hours a day, six days a week and supplements can reduce muscle loss.
  • Skin: Skin thins, tears easily and heals more slowly in space.
  • Eyes: Microgravity impairs vision while radiation increases cataract risk.
  • DNA: Most genes reset after returning to Earth, but about 7 percent remain disrupted.
  • Psychosomatics and cognition: Radiation may cause brain damage and the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. Space disrupts orientation, causing motion sickness.
  • Cardiovascular system: Blood circulation slows down and production of red blood cells decreases. Cardiac arrhythmia is common.
  • Immune system: The immune system weakens. Radiation exposure from six months in space equates to 10 times the annual exposure on Earth.
  • Bones: Skeletal deformation and bone loss are likely with 1 percent of bone mass lost every month. Astronauts become taller because their spines expand while in orbit.

How does the body recover back on Earth?

Returning to Earth does not immediately undo months of strain on astronauts’ bodies. As their bodies readjust to gravity, they experience balance issues, dizziness and weakened cardiovascular function.

Even months after landing, not everything recovers. They face long-term health risks, including cancer, nerve damage and degenerative diseases.

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  • Arrival from space: The spine returns to normal size. Flatulence is no longer an issue, and blood pressure normalises.
  • One week later: Motion sickness, disorientation and balance issues disappear. Sleep returns to normal.
  • Two weeks later: The immune system recovers, and the body fluids lost are regained. The production of red blood cells returns to normal.
  • One month later: Muscle reformation is almost complete and near pre-flight levels.
  • Three months later: Skin redevelopment is complete. Body mass returns to Earth levels, and problems with eyesight no longer exist.
  • Six months later: The risk of bone fractures remains as well as an increased risk of cancer. Ninety-three percent of genes return to normal, but 7 percent remain disrupted.

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World leaders split over military action as US-Israel strike Iran in coordinated operation

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World leaders split over military action as US-Israel strike Iran in coordinated operation

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World leaders reacted swiftly Saturday after the United States and Israel launched strikes on Iran, exposing a deep divide between governments backing the attack on Iran and those warning the attacks risk a wider regional war.

In a joint statement, Canada’s Prime Minister Mark Carney and Foreign Minister Anita Anand voiced firm support saying, “Canada supports the United States acting to prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon and to prevent its regime from further threatening international peace and security.” The statement described Iran as “the principal source of instability and terror throughout the Middle East” and stressed it “must never be allowed to obtain or develop nuclear weapons.”

Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese also endorsed the action, writing on X, “Australia stands with the brave people of Iran in their struggle against oppression.” He confirmed Australia supports “the United States acting to prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon,” while activating emergency consular measures and urging Australians to leave Iran if safe.

The United Kingdom said Iran “must never be allowed to develop a nuclear weapon.” U.K. Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s office said he was speaking with the leaders of France and Germany “as part of a series of calls with allies.”

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A person holds an image of Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei as Iranian demonstrators protest against the U.S.-Israeli strikes, in Tehran, Iran, Feb. 28, 2026.  (Majid Asgaripour/WANA (West Asia News Agency) )

French President Emmanuel Macron warned, “The outbreak of war between the United States, Israel and Iran carries grave consequences for international peace and security.” He added, “The ongoing escalation is dangerous for all. It must stop,” and called for an urgent meeting of the United Nations Security Council.

In a joint statement, the leaders of France, Germany and the United Kingdom also  said they had “consistently urged the Iranian regime to end Iran’s nuclear program, curb its ballistic missile program, refrain from its destabilizing activity in the region and our homelands, and to cease the appalling violence and repression against its own people.” 

The three governments said they “did not participate in these strikes,” but remain “in close contact with our international partners, including the United States, Israel, and partners in the region.” 

They reiterated their “commitment to regional stability and to the protection of civilian life,” condemned “Iranian attacks on countries in the region in the strongest terms,” and called for a “resumption of negotiations,” urging Iran’s leadership to seek a negotiated solution. “Ultimately, the Iranian people must be allowed to determine their future,” the statement said.

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European Union foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas described developments as “perilous,” saying Iran’s “ballistic missile and nuclear programmes… pose a serious threat to global security,” while emphasizing that “Protection of civilians and international humanitarian law is a priority.”

Spain openly rejected the strikes. Socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez said, “We reject the unilateral military action by the United States and Israel, which represents an escalation and contributes to a more uncertain and hostile international order.”

Meanwhile, Gulf states responded to reported Iranian missile activity.

Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Ministry said, “The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia condemns and denounces in strongest terms the blatant Iranian aggression and the flagrant violation of the sovereignty of the UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, and Jordan.” It affirmed “its full solidarity with and unwavering support for the brotherly countries” and warned of “grave consequences resulting from the continued violation of states’ sovereignty and the principles of international law.”

The United Arab Emirates’ Ministry of Defense said the country “was subjected to a blatant attack involving Iranian ballistic missiles,” adding that air defense systems “successfully intercepted a number of missiles.” Authorities said falling debris in a residential area caused “one civilian death of an asian nationality” and material damage.

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The ministry called the attack “a dangerous escalation and a cowardly act that threatens the safety of civilians and undermines stability,” and stated the UAE “reserves its full right to respond.”

UN’S ATOMIC AGENCY’S IRAN POLICY GETS MIXED REVIEWS FROM EXPERTS AFTER US-ISRAEL ‘OBLITERATE’ NUCLEAR SITES

Smoke rises after reported Iranian missile attacks, following strikes by the United States and Israel against Iran, in Manama, Bahrain, Feb. 28, 2026. (Reuters)

Pakistan’s Foreign Ministry said Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Mohammad Ishaq Dar “strongly condemned the unwarranted attacks against Iran” and called for “urgent resumption of diplomacy.”

China also weighed in. A spokesperson for the Chinese Embassy in Washington, wrote on X that Beijing is “highly concerned over the military strikes against Iran launched by the U.S. and Israel.” He added that “Iran’s sovereignty, security and territorial integrity should be respected” and called for “an immediate stop of the military actions” and “no further escalation.”

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Turkey’s Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan held calls with counterparts across the region, a Turkish Foreign Ministry source told Reuters. The discussions focused on “possible steps to be taken to help bring an end to the attacks.”

Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy directly linked the developments to Russia’s war against his country.

“Although Ukrainians never threatened Iran, the Iranian regime chose to become Putin’s accomplice and supplied him with ‘shahed’ drones,” Zelenskyy wrote, adding that Russia has used “more than 57,000 shahed-type attack drones against the Ukrainian people.”

“It is important that the United States is acting decisively,” he said. “Whenever there is American resolve, global criminals weaken.”

Russia sharply criticized the operation. Dmitry Medvedev, deputy chairman of Russia’s Security Council, said, “All negotiations with Iran are a cover operation.”

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An interception is visible in the sky over Haifa during the latest barrage. (Anthony Hershko/TPS-IL)

Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam warned, “We will not accept anyone dragging the country into adventures that threaten its security and unity.”

Norwegian Foreign Minister Espen Barth Eide said the strike “is not in line with international law.”

Reuters contributed to this report.

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Israel strikes two schools in Iran, killing more than 50 people

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Israel strikes two schools in Iran, killing more than 50 people

State media says Israeli attack on girls’ school in the city of Minab in the south of the country kills dozens.

An Israeli strike has hit an elementary girls’ school in Minab, a city in the Hormozgan province of southern Iran, killing at least 53 people, according to state media, as the immediate civilian cost from Israel and the United States’ huge bombardment of Iran comes into sharper focus.

Workers are continuing to clear wreckage from the site, where 63 others have been injured on Saturday, said Iran’s state-run IRNA news agency. The strike is part of a wave of joint US-Israeli military attacks across Iran that has triggered an outbreak of regional violence.

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Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi shared a photo of the attack, which he said destroyed the girls’ school and killed “innocent children”.

“These crimes against the Iranian People will not go unanswered,” Araghchi wrote in a post on X.

Iran’s Foreign Ministry spokesman Esmail Baqaei also slammed the “blatant crime” and urged action from the United Nations Security Council.

Separately, Iran’s Mehr news agency reported that at least two students were killed by another Israeli attack that hit a school east of the capital, Tehran.

Reporting from Tehran, Al Jazeera’s Mohammed Vall said the attacks call into question US and Israeli claims that “they are targeting only military targets and they are trying to punish the regime, not the people of Iran.”

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“President Trump has promised the Iranian people that aid or help is coming their way, but now we are seeing civilian casualties; that’s something that the Iranian government will stress as a case of violation of international law and an aggression against the Iranian people, ” said Vall.

There was no immediate reaction from the US or Israel on Iran’s claims about the school strikes.

The last time the US and Iran waged attacks on Iran in June 2025, sparking the 12-day war, the civilian toll in Iran was also heavy.

According to Iran’s Ministry of Health and Medical Education, thousands of civilians were killed or injured, and public infrastructure was damaged, during that conflict.

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Trump says he is directing federal agencies to cease use of Anthropic technology

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Trump says he is directing federal agencies to cease use of Anthropic technology
U.S. President Donald Trump on Friday said he was directing every federal agency to immediately cease all use of Anthropic’s technology, adding there would be a six-month phase out for agencies such as the Defense Department who use the company’s products.
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